April 2018
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64 Reads
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3 Citations
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Publications (41)
February 2018
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28 Reads
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1 Citation
March 2016
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53 Reads
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3 Citations
İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi / İstanbul University Journal of Sociology
Öz Nations attempt to reproduce their armed forces for the present and future in the way they were constituted in the past. However, the relationship between military service and citizenship—coupled with processes of globalization, migration, wartime mobilization, and the decline of conscription-based mass armies—has created pressures for the extension of the recruitment base to previously excluded or limited groups. The integration of the U.S. military on the bases of ethnicity, race, sex, gender, and sexual orientation exemplifies how obstacles to integration are raised and overcome, producing military forces that reflect the increasingly diverse populations they serve; thus, allowing excluded groups a greater claim to citizenship rights and allowing nations to draw on the human capital that they hold for purposes of national security. In the past, diversity was believed to mitigate against social cohesion and military effectiveness; however, more recently, emphasis has been on task cohesion and the contribution of diversity to effectiveness.
March 2016
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24 Reads
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2 Citations
İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi / İstanbul University Journal of Sociology
Her ulke kendisine miras kalan silahli kuvvetlerini bugunu ve gelecegi icin yeniden uretmek ister. Ancak askerlik hizmetinin vatandaslikla iliskisi; kuresellesme, goc, harp seferberligi ve zorunlu askerlige dayali kitle ordularinin azalmasiyla birlikte askere alma surecleri uzerinde onceden dislanip sinirlandirilan grup- lari icine alacak sekilde genislemesi yonunde baski olusturmustur. ABD Silahli Kuvvetleri’nin etnisite, irk, cinsiyet ve cinsel yonelim hususlarinda ortaya koydugu entegrasyon tecrubesi, entegrasyonun onundeki engellerin nasil kaldirilip asilabileceginin bir ornegini sunmaktadir. Entegrasyonla birlikte hizmet ettigi nu- fusun gittikce artan cesitliligini yansitan bir silahli kuvvetler uretilmis, dislanmis gruplarin vatandaslik hak- lari teslim edilmis ve ulkelerin de sahip olduklari insan sermayesini ulusal guvenlik amacli kullanabilmeleri saglanmistir. Gecmiste, cesitliligin sosyal butunlugu ve askeri gucu azaltacagi dusunuluyordu. Şimdilerde ise gorev butunlugunun ve cesitliligin etkililige katkisi vurgulaniyor.
March 2016
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12 Reads
January 2016
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135 Reads
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26 Citations
Military Medicine
This article analyzes how the behaviors of leaders and peers affect the performance and well-being of military women. Locating our analysis within the conceptual model in this issue, we summarize the empirical literature and make practice and policy recommendations. We synthesize results about unit integration, such as research on the conditions for successful integration of previously excluded groups and on the relationship between cohesion and performance. We apply lessons learned from the history of diversity integration in military and civilian organizations, analyzing the treatment of military personnel by race, gender, and sexual orientation. The opening of ground combat specialties and units to women is the latest step in personnel policy changes broadening the recruitment base. We analyze research on gender integration in contemporary armed forces, focusing on positive and negative effects on women of leader and peer behaviors. We discuss conditions for successfully integrating women and those that tend to lead to failure. We analyze military women's family issues, including the effects of deployments and how leaders and peers can help ameliorate problems-or exacerbate them with inappropriate or unsupportive behavior.
October 2013
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4 Reads
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7 Citations
June 2013
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39 Reads
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2 Citations
October 2010
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58 Reads
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4 Citations
Military Psychology
We investigated the importance of the role of drill instructors (RDCs) on training and retention of new sailors (N = 34,000). Based on social support and group cohesion literatures, we hypothesized that social support from RDCs would influence completion rates of entry-level Navy training and retention intention of new sailors. We found that perceptions of social support from RDCs had a significant positive relationship with eventual graduation from basic training; encouragement to remain in the Navy was particularly strongly related to graduation when the source of the encouragement was RDCs. Further, those who attrited from training were especially likely to perceive RDCs as encouraging them to leave the Navy. We discuss the implications of our findings in terms of theory, research and practice.
January 2010
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51 Reads
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8 Citations
Citations (35)
... Previous research shows that stigma toward pregnant females deters them from having children while enrolled in the military out of fear pregnancy will have an impact on their careers. 33 More recently, research has demonstrated that females commonly leave the military to start families or devote more time to child rearing. 34 Tis research has also found that females transitioning to civilian life took on more caregiving duties than their spouses. ...
- Citing Chapter
October 2013
... Prema Medi Sigl (Segal et al., 2018), u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama u vojnoj profesiji muškarci u odnosu na žene zadržavaju se duže zbog "loših izgleda za zaposlenje u civilnom društvu, dok su među mlađim ženama razlike u vremenu male i uglavom u suprotnom smeru". Medijskom i političkom propagandom u sprezi sa regrutacijom i tretmanom žena u vojsci bavi se i Džesika Gilani (Jessica Ghilani) na američkom kontinentu. ...
- Citing Chapter
April 2018
... This misuse of power is critically articulated in feminist theory (Dobash & Dobash, 1992), which argues that the high prevalence of gender abuse in the military workplace is symptomatic of a culture that values masculine aggression, the dominant masculine warrior, and devalues other personal attributes (Callahan, 2009). Further, historical discrimination of women participating in military life (Sandhoff & Segal, 2013) and the use of descriptors such as "bitch" (Brooks et al., 2016, p. 979) or "dyke" (Brownstone et al., 2018, p. 404) has segregated the domain of aggression and behaviors that are more assertive from women, promoting biases that allow gender minimization and sexual abuse to thrive. ...
- Citing Chapter
June 2013
... Countries that have switched to a professional army do not have this advantage, since those who enlist in a professional army usually come from a very specific sector of society (Schnack, 2012), mostly a socio-economically disadvantaged sector-which produces a bitter conversation, counterproductive in terms of solidarity, about 'which section in our society is paying the highest toll in blood?' It is worth noting here that in such countries, over the years the army has been downsized and the motivation to enlist in it has been reduced (Segal and Segal, 2005). ...
- Citing Article
December 2004
Population Bulletin
... The AAF leadership model defines leadership as "directing, motivating, and enabling others to accomplish the mission, professionally and ethically, while developing or improving capabilities that contribute to mission success" (Long-term Plan of the Development of the Albanian Armed Forces 2016-2025, 2015; Decision of Council of Ministers for the approval of the Sectoral Strategy of the Ministry of Defence 2007Defence -2013Defence , 2007. Finally, cohesiveness is a key feature of group performance and mission accomplishment; a leader's effectiveness influences how members collaborate (Segal et al., 2015). As mentioned above, the key characteristics of professionalism include maintaining and pursuing training, educational and professional development opportunities. ...
- Citing Article
March 2016
İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi / İstanbul University Journal of Sociology
... Parallel to our study, the importance of individual and organizational support was emphasized in previous studies. 36,37 According to our study results, military spouses with similar concerns can assume the role of the core family by developing friendships in military housing. The result of the study on the subject is consistent with our study. ...
- Citing Article
June 1999
Journal of Political & Military Sociology
... Educational Background: With more women entering the military with diverse educational backgrounds, including STEM fields, there has been an infusion of analytical and innovative approaches to leadership [23,24]. ...
- Citing Article
January 2016
Military Medicine
... A longitudinal study of how a large recession in the 1990s influenced the employees in Finnish municipalities when they underwent downsizing processes of varying degrees yielded similar findings (Kivimäki et al. 2001, 2003, 2007; Vahtera, Kivimaki, and Pentti 1997), and downsizing was found to have negative health outcomes. Similarly, a study of military officers (Rohall et al. 2001) documents an association between downsizing and increased anxiety and depression, whereas a study of hospital workers finds an association between the perceived amount of overall change and GHQ caseness (general health questionnaire) (Loretto, Platt, and Popham 2010). In addition, a number of studies provide evidence of a similar association in the private sector. ...
- Citing Conference Paper
June 2001
Journal of Political & Military Sociology
... A long line of research has indicated the broad influence of cognitive abilities and intelligence on selection into a variety of environmental niches, including military service (Strenze, 2007;Teachman, Call, & Segal, 1993). Consequently, a measure of IQ, derived from the Peabody Vocabulary Test (PVT), was included in the current study. ...
- Citing Article
January 1993
Journal of Political & Military Sociology
... For the Army: Strickland (2005), Cunha et al. (2015), and Orvis et al. (2018). For the Navy: Lucas et al. (2008), Arkes and Mehay (2013), and Arkes and Cunha (2014). For the Marine Corps: Wolfe et al. (2005), Reis et al. (2007), Pollack et al. (2009), Desrosiers andBradley (2015), and White et al. (2016). ...
- Citing Article
January 2008