Mac Josh Reandelar’s scientific contributions

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Publications (1)


Figure 2: Earlier date of the start of vaccination reduces the mortality rate. Left panel correspond to upper middle income and high income countries with current universal BCG vaccination policy. The right panel correspond to countries that do not have a current universal vaccination policy.
Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study
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March 2020

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72,685 Reads

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466 Citations

Aaron Miller

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Mac Josh Reandelar

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Kimberly Fasciglione

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[...]

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Gonzalo H Otazu

COVID-19 has spread to most countries in the world. Puzzlingly, the impact of the disease is different in different countries. These differences are attributed to differences in cultural norms, mitigation efforts, and health infrastructure. Here we propose that national differences in COVID-19 impact could be partially explained by the different national policies respect to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) childhood vaccination. BCG vaccination has been reported to offer broad protection to respiratory infections. We compared large number of countries BCG vaccination policies with the morbidity and mortality for COVID-19. We found that countries without universal policies of BCG vaccination (Italy, Nederland, USA) have been more severely affected compared to countries with universal and long-standing BCG policies. Countries that have a late start of universal BCG policy (Iran, 1984) had high mortality, consistent with the idea that BCG protects the vaccinated elderly population. We also found that BCG vaccination also reduced the number of reported COVID-19 cases in a country. The combination of reduced morbidity and mortality makes BCG vaccination a potential new tool in the fight against COVID-19.

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Citations (1)


... Various epidemiological studies found that BCG vaccination is also linked with the reduction of mortality rate in neonates and the reduction of respiratory diseases in elderly people. Recent studies proposed the important relation of BCG immunization with the occurrence, development of the disease, and also mortality due to coronavirus [56]. Many researchers suggested that countries without the global programs for vaccination of BCG have been affected very severely as compared with the countries with the use of the BCG vaccines in neonates. ...

Reference:

Innovative Strategies to Understand and Control COVID-19 Disease
Correlation between universal BCG vaccination policy and reduced morbidity and mortality for COVID-19: an epidemiological study