Maarten Bosker's research while affiliated with Erasmus University Rotterdam and other places
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Publications (46)
A variety of approaches to delineating metropolitan areas have been developed. Systematic comparisons of these approaches in terms of the metro area landscape that they generate are however few. Our paper aims to fill this gap. We focus on Indonesia and make use of data on commuting flows, spatially fine-grained population, and remotely sensed nigh...
Iceberg transport costs are a key ingredient of modern trade and economic geography models. Using detailed information on Boston’s nineteenth-century global ice trade, we show that the cost of shipping the only good that truly melts in transit is not well-proxied by this assumption. Additive cost components account for the largest part of per unit...
Dit rapport onderzoekt het effect van aardbevingen en
aardbevingsrisico op de huizenprijzen in het Groningse
aardbevingsgebied. Het onderzoek richt zich op de periode van
augustus 2012 (de beving in Huizinge) tot 1 januari 2018.
This paper examines the spatial economic impact of China's two main spatial development policies: restricted labor mobility through the Hukou residential registration system, and the construction of a 96,000 km national expressway network (NEN). Using a structural new economic geography approach, we find that these policies have shaped regional eco...
This paper provides evidence on the price and perception of rare natural disasters. We exploit a unique, spatially extremely detailed, dataset on predicted flood water levels in the Netherlands. This dataset, in combination with information on the universe of home sales over the period 1999–2011, allows us to identify people's willingness to pay to...
This paper empirically investigates why, between 800 and 1800, the urban center of gravity moved from the Islamic world to Europe. Using a large new city-specific data set covering Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, we unravel the role of geography and institutions in determining long-run city development in the two regions. We find that th...
This paper empirically investigates why, between 800 and 1800, the urban center of gravity moved from the Islamic World to Europe. Using a large new city-specific dataset covering Europe, the Middle East and North Africa, we unravel the role of geography and institutions in determining long-run city development in the two regions. We find that the...
China’s Hukou system poses severe restrictions on labor mobility. This paper assesses the possible consequences of relaxing these restrictions for China’s internal economic geography. We base our analysis on a new economic geography (NEG) model. First, we estimate the important model parameters using data on 264 of China’s prefecture cities. Second...
This study quantifies the importance of the Roman military for the development of a market economy in north-western Europe. Distributions of low denomination coins show how the Roman arrival kick-started a local market economy. Additionally settlement densities of fluvial catchments are used as a proxy for economic development. Our newly constructe...
Official forecasts for oil revenues and the burden of pensioners are used to estimate forward-looking fiscal policy rules for Norway and compared with permanent-income and bird-in-hand rules. The results suggest that fiscal reactions have been partial forward-looking with respect to the rising pension bill, but backward-looking with respect to hydr...
This article quantifies the activities of medieval and early modern parliaments. It traces the long-term evolution of this European institution, and offers a first pass at analysing its impact on long-term economic development. Starting in Spain in the twelfth century, parliaments gradually spread over the Latin west between 1200 and 1500. In the e...
China's Hukou system poses severe restrictions on labor mobility. This paper assesses the consequences of relaxing these restrictions for China's internal economic geography. We base our analysis on a new economic geography model. First, we obtain estimates of the important model parameters on the basis of information on 264 of China's prefecture c...
This paper estimates equivalence scales and tests the empirical relevance of the price and utility dependence of these scales. Equivalence scales cannot be identified from de-mand data without imposing arbitrary assumptions on preferences. To overcome this identification problem we rely on a measure of subjective welfare for identification. More sp...
Civil wars critically hinder a country's development process. This paper shows that civil wars can also have severe international consequences. Anecdotal evidence highlights that civil wars sometimes spill over international boundaries. Using a more rigorous econometric approach we provide evidence that conflict spillovers are indeed quantitatively...
This paper empirically disentangles the different roles of geography in shaping the European city system. We present a new database that covers all actual cities as well as potential city locations over the period 800 – 1800, when the foundations for the European city system were laid. We relate each location's urban chances to its physical, first...
Trade costs are a crucial element of New Economic Geography (NEG) models. Without trade costs there is no role for geography. In empirical NEG studies the unavailability of direct trade cost data calls for the need to approximate these trade costs by introducing a trade cost function. In doing so, hardly any attention is paid to the (implicit) assu...
Starting in Spain in the twelfth century, parliaments gradually spread over the Latin West. The paper quantifies the activity of medieval and early-modern parliaments, which also makes it possible to analyse the influence of this institutional innovation. In the early-modern period parliaments declined in influence in southern and central Europe an...
Abstract This paper aims to provide empirical evidence on whether export specialization or diversification is better for local economic growth. Using export data from 354 magisterial districts of South Africa for 1996 and 2001 we estimate spatial growth regressions that include measures of the degree of export specialization and diversification. Ov...
This paper studies the evolution of regional income disparities in Europe. Besides using a more complete data set that offers a more detailed look at the evolution of regional incomes in Western Europe than previous studies, it is the first to shed empirical light on regional income differences and their evolution in Eastern Europe during the trans...
Cross-border conflict spillovers are commonly viewed as one of the main instigators of violent civil conflict. We question the alleged robustness of this finding reported by earlier studies that typically ascribe part of the observed spatial clustering of civil war to cross-border conflict spillovers. Spillovers however, are not the only explanatio...
Did living standards stagnate before the Industrial Revolution? Traditional real-wage indices typically show broadly constant living standards before 1800. In this paper, we show that living standards rose substantially, but surreptitiously because of the growing availability of new goods. Colonial luxuries such as tea, coffee, and sugar transforme...
This paper uses empirical evidence on the evolution and structure of the West-German city size distribution to assess the relevance of three different theories of urban growth. The West-German case is of particular interest as Germany's urban system has been subject to some of history's largest (exogenous) shocks during the 20th century. A unique a...
Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) physical geography is often blamed for its poor economic performance. A country's geographical
location does, however, not only determine its agricultural conditions or disease environment. It also pins down a country's
relative position vis-à-vis other countries, affecting its ease of access to foreign markets. This pape...
Did living standards stagnate before the Industrial Revolution? Traditional real-wage indices typically show broadly constant living standards before 1800. In this paper, we show that living standards rose substantially, but surreptitiously because of the growing availability of new goods. Colonial luxuries such as tea, coffee, and sugar transforme...
Abstract This paper sheds empirical light on the relationship between agglomeration and economic growth and its impact on the convergence hypothesis. Using a sample of 208 European regions over 25 years, ‘standard’ growth regressions are estimated using panel data techniques. Both the effect of agglomeration within one's own region and the interreg...
For reasons of analytical tractability, new economic geography (NEG) models treat geography in a very simple way: attention is either confined to a simple 2-region or to an equidistant multi-region world. As a result, the main predictions regarding the impact of e.g. diminishing trade costs are based on these simple models. When doing empirical or...
[eng] Transportation costs and monopoly location in presence of regional disparities. . This article aims at analysing the impact of the level of transportation costs on the location choice of a monopolist. We consider two asymmetric regions. The heterogeneity of space lies in both regional incomes and population sizes: the first region is endowed...
This article investigates agglomeration processes in ageing societies by introducing an overlapping generation structure into a New Economic Geography model. Whether higher economic integration leads to spatial concentration of economic activity crucially hinges on the economies' demographic properties. While population aging as represented by decl...
In this paper we examine growth differences between European cities. We have used the Urban Audit, a rather new dataset from Eurostat. After clarifying the merits of this dataset as well as some of its limitations, we provide some detailed characteristics of city growth in the European Union. This shows that urban growth in the EU is pretty persist...
To explain cross-country income differences, research has recently focused on the so-called deep determinants of economic development, notably institutions and geography. This article shows that it is not only absolute geography, in terms of for instance climate or being landlocked, but also relative geography, the spatial linkages between countrie...
Based on the methodology of Davis and Weinstein, we look for multiple equilibria in German city growth. By taking the bombing of Germany during WWII as an example of a large, temporary shock, we analyze whether German city growth is characterized by multiple equilibria. In doing so, we allow for spatial interdependencies between cities. The main fi...
Based on a data set of 264 Chinese Prefecture cities for the period 1999-2005, we use a general new economic geography (NEG) model to determine the long-run equilibrium allocation of economic activity across China. The model is used to analyse the role of labor mobility and the associated Hukou system that regulates migration in China. Our findings...
Trade costs are a crucial element of new economic geography (NEG) models, without trade costs geography does not matter. However, in empirical NEG applications the unavailability of trade costs data requires the approximation of trade costs through a trade cost function. In doing so, insufficient attention is paid to the implicit assumptions and em...
Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is only a marginal player on the world's export and import markets. Moreover, and in contrast to other developing countries SSA trade is still largely dominated by trade in primary commodities. Diversifying SSA trade by developing an exporting manufacturing sector is viewed as a vital ingredient for Africa's future economic...
Citations
... Actor-centric approaches and assessments using the information on administrative units (mostly cities and regions) have undeniably improved our understanding of the dynamics of knowledge-intensive entrepreneurship. However, for the reasons exposed earlier in this paper, they fall short in providing a proper comprehension of how EE spread across territories, thus seldom reflecting how economic events occur in geographical space (Bosker et al., 2018). As our argument goes, if the core of the entrepreneurial ecosystem is based on linkages and interactions, then relational data is key (Schäfer, 2021). ...
... City size is often operationalised with the help of administrative data based on zoning systems. A downside of this method is that multiple zoning systems exist with cities often spanning multiple zones (Bosker, Park, and Roberts 2021). The choice of zoning system, and the level of aggregation thereof, can greatly influence the effects of agglomerations (Briant, Combes, and Lafourcade 2010). ...
... Later work did something similar because it included trade costs based on the value of a firm's exports. Economies of scale in transport are so pervasive that ice (melted, which underlies the term "cost of the iceberg") is also subject to them (Bosker and Buringh, 2020 [27]). ...
... In recent years, with the completion of the HSR system, the interest in understanding the socioeconomic impact assessment of the HSR system has also continued to increase (Cheng and Chen, 2022;Chen, 2022). Previous studies that examined the economic effects of HSR primarily focused on the impact of HSR on economic growth (Qin, 2017), knowledge spillover (Ahlfeldt and Feddersen, 2017;Lin, 2017;Mayer and Trevien, 2017), the gaps in urban-rural incomes (Bosker et al., 2018), and labor wages (Kong et al., 2021;Fingleton and Szumilo, 2019). Although the literature has also evaluated the social and economic impact of HSR from different perspectives, the research on the mobility of high-skilled labor is still relatively limited. ...
... Similarly, Gawande and Jenkins-Smith (2001) estimate the effects of perceived risks on residential property values in locations near a road transited by nuclear waste transporters in South Carolina. A couple of Dutch studies address the impact on housing prices, insurance premiums, and capital accumulation of being located in areas prone to be flooded since a large part of the Netherlands is located below sea level (Ermolieva et al. 2017;Bosker et al. 2019). Regarding the specific case of earthquakes, in addition to those on the impact of induced earthquakes, there are many studies on the impact of natural earthquakes, among which Brookshire et al. (1997), Beron et al. (1997), Nakagawa et al. (2007), and Naoi et al. (2009). ...
... However, extracting gas from it induces mild earthquakes (Kamp 2013, p.443) that negatively impact house prices in the region. Although this impact has been clearly documented in the literature Lee 2013, 2014;Koster and van Ommeren 2015;Bosker et al. 2016;Marlet et al. 2017), there is still uncertainty about the spatial and temporal extensions of the problem. Their determination is as policy relevant as it is difficult to achieve for at least two reasons. ...
... Third, houses have become less valuable both for homeowners with and without property damage, albeit to a different degree, as a result of the mining activities. This drop in house prices usually is much greater than the one-size-fitsall amount of 4000 euros (De Kam, 2016), although different calculation methods lead to different (also lower) estimates of this price fall (Bosker et al., 2016;Koster and Van Ommeren, 2015). NAM does provide compensation for the lower value of the house, but only for those homeowners who have been able to sell the house, which may be difficult and sometimes even impossible. ...
Reference: Tradable earthquake certificates
... These results are consistent with our interpretation that a longer Muslim rule inhibited the formation of a politically and economically strong merchant class and slowed down the demand for human capital. Secondly, we make use of the panel dimension of the city-level dataset of Bosker et al. (2013) which, among others, provides valuable information on institutional variables such as the occurrence of forms of self-government. Accounting for city-and time-fixed effects, our estimates show that cities in Spain under Muslim rule between 1200 and 1500 did not develop any form of self-government. ...
Reference: Islam and human capital in historical Spain
... Modification of the Crozet [2004]-like NEG approach presented in the earlier section is based on the literature focused on the market potential formula applied to modeling. Very useful studies have been presented by Mayer [2003, 2004], Aoki [2007], and Bosker et al. [2010]. Head and Mayer [2003] underline that there are three main specifications of the estimated market potential. ...
... These three reviews lament the paucity of work on agglomeration effects in such countries and call for more work on the topic (Duranton, 2015). Recently, the association between urban density and productivity has been documented in a number of developing countries (e.g., Turkey [Coulibaly et al., 2007], China [Bosker et al., 2012], India [Chauvin et al., 2017], Colombia [Duranton, 2016], Sub-Saharan Africa [Siba & Söderbom, 2015], Tunisia [Amara & Thabet, 2019], Egypt [Badr et al., 2019], Morocco [Fafchamps & El Hamine, 2004], Nigeria [Owoo & Naudé, 2017], and Ethiopia [Owoo & Naudé, 2017]). ...