M.K.C. Sridhar's research while affiliated with University of Ibadan and other places
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Publications (119)
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) accessibility is more critical in arid regions where rainfall is low and other water resources are scanty. This study assesses Households' awareness and practices regarding WASH in Sokoto State, an arid region in Northwestern Nigeria. A total of 854 questionnaires were administered to respondents in addition to...
The United Nations in their Sustainable Development Goals have highlighted a holistic approach to the realization of sustainable development for mankind. However, certain risk factors promote the infection and contraction of illnesses, especially in developing countries. This paper examined biomedical waste management in sub-Saharan Africa, its imp...
In The Gambia, the smallest West African country with a population of about 2 054 986, fishing is a major industry. Most previous studies on coastal fishing have focused on fishing methods, fish protection, and fish preservation. The aim of this study was to assess the environmental health hazards to coastal fishermen in Tanji. A descriptive cross...
Background: Better water quality, improved sanitation and sound water resource management will improve public health and economic development in low-income countries. Water safety plan-based risk assessment and risk management from catchment to consumers are the modern and efficient approaches to safe drinking water supply established by World Heal...
Heavy metals are pollutants of river sediments, and their concentration varies depending on parental material and anthropogenic inputs, thus it is important to distinguish between the natural and anthropogenic inputs. The objective of this study is to use different types of indexes to assess the current pollution status in Ogbere River sediment and...
Access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities is a basic necessity for human livelihood, survival, and well-being. Adequate WASH facilities provision is a critical issue to most developing countries around the world including Nigeria. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding WASH are integral to effective and sustainable WASH...
Scope/Aim. Solid waste management in Ibadan Metropolis, the capital of Oyo State in Nigeria has been a serious concern to the government and the public for several years. The waste generated at the rate of about 0.51kg per capita per day from 11 Local Government Areas is transported to the existing four landfill sites and dumped indiscriminately. T...
Water hyacinth (Eichhorniacrassipes) is one of the world's worst weeds causing major problems to the global aquatic habitat particularly in the tropics. This paper presents the findings of a research that was carried out to determine the effect of adding cow dung to water hyacinth on the biogas yield. Two drums, 100 litre capacity each were used as...
Despite the recent decline in the global prevalence of malaria, the disease continues to be one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among pregnant women and under-five children in Nigeria. The adoption of an integrated approach to malaria control including the use of bio-insecticide will further reduce the burden of malaria. This study d...
Leachate seepages into groundwater aquifer from solid waste dumpsites is likely to release toxic pollutants in groundwater which are hazardous to human health and local ecosystem. A study was conducted on the Physico-chemical parameters of dumpsite leachate and surrounding groundwater from Awotan Solid Waste Dumpsite, in Ibadan, Oyo State. The stud...
Emissions emanating from poor solid waste management have increased steadily on a global scale particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Incidentally, such, emissions in Nigeria have been estimated based on national statistics on waste generation which are neither accurate nor consistent. This study therefore characterized generated M...
Flooding and waste management related problems have become matter of public health concern in the last few years in Ibadan, Nigeria. In this study, waste management activities at Kube-Atenda in Ibadan with a focus on greenhouse gases emissions (GHS), rainfall pattern and occurrence of flooding were investigated. Data were collected, using calibrate...
Emissions emanating from poor solid waste management have increased steadily on a global scale particularly in developing countries including Nigeria. Incidentally, such, emissions in Nigeria have been estimated based on national statistics on waste generation which are neither accurate nor consistent. This study therefore characterized generated M...
The use of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) waste as a potential source of soil conditioner in agriculture has long been identified. Its conversion into smokeless and low emission charcoal which is more environmental friendly has not been well investigated. The present study explored conversion of oil palm waste into low emission charcoal. Palm Kernel...
Throughout the world, waste sector has been implicated in significant contribution to anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Involving communities in recycling their solid waste would ensure climate change effect mitigation and resilience. This study was carried out to improve waste management practices through a community-led intervention a...
The contributing effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from solid-wastes to the increasing global warming was studied. This study assessed CO2 removal by adsorbents in a solid-wastes management facility in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. An exploratory study design with an intervention component was adopted. A CO2 extractor utilizing adsorbents cons...
Agro-food processing industries are major contributors of wastes in most developing countries. With Nigeria leading in cassava food production, little attention has been paid to provide a sustainable and profit-oriented solution to the problem of solid waste resulting from cassava processing industries.
Source-separation is a solid waste management strategy which aids recycling. This concept is relatively new in Nigeria. The study therefore assessed the effects of a training intervention, education and awareness and provision of a refuse bin on workers' practice of -separation. A validated questionnaire with a 5-point knowledge scale was used to c...
This paper describes various types of wastes generated in Nigeria, of which about 50 to 70 per cent is organic and the rest recyclables. These wastes contribute to Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and leave a garbage footprint. The waste management practices and procedures used in Nigeria also contribute to GHG emissions and these include transporta...
Thousands of traders under umbrella shades in Nigerian markets have no safe water, hygiene or sanitation. There is therefore a great need to develop a simple and low cost device for harvesting rain water in the markets. Two umbrellas of diameters 1.2m and 1.9m were sourced locally and used to fabricate a rainwater harvester. Water samples from rain...
The use of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) waste as a potential source of soil conditioner in agriculture has long been identified. Its conversion into smokeless and low emission charcoal which is more environmental friendly has not been well investigated. The present study explored conversion of oil palm waste into low emission charcoal. Palm Kernel...
In an experimental study design with laboratory analysis, printed circuit boards (5 kg) of obsolete television were ground and sieved to obtain 2 mm particle size. Chemical leaching of copper using different concentrations of nitric acid (1 mol, 3 mol, 5 mol and 7 mol) was carried out at varying time intervals (0 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h). Leachate o...
A community based, cross-sectional study design was adopted using 501 consented children under the age of 14 years from 200 households. Mathematical model for determining the relationship between malaria prevalence (MP) and features of the household surroundings was designed using multiple regression models. Children age was 75.0 ± 45.5 months (ran...
Waste generation is an intrinsic part of human existence. Waste materials are usually characterized by their nature, components and quality. Variations in quality, quantity and composition of solid waste can be linked to various factors such as cultural, economic, social and financial status of inhabitants of the particular space being studied. The...
Environmental control has been part of global reduction for malaria prevalence. However currently, its consideration for malaria control is very little. A community based study was conducted for malaria prevalence in Okelele, Ilorin East Local Government Area of Kwara State, Nigeria. A total of 200 households were studied which comprise of 501 chil...
This study quantified the effect of environmental factors on mosquito larvae control in Okelele community, Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a 3-stage random sampling technique to select Zones, Households and 200 parents/guardians and their children under 14 years of age. Interviews were cond...
An experimental work was carried out on contaminated waters using filtration and phytoremediation methods to determine the most appropriate remediation method. Filtration method was by passing Arsenic acid of 100.0 mg/L concentrations through four different geo-materials (marble, activated charcoal, filtration carbon and clay) placed on layers of s...
An experimental work was done on waters contaminated with arsenic using filtration and phytoremediation methods to determine the most appropriate remediation method. Filtration method;Measurements of arsenic solution (0.00g (de-ionized water), 0.010g, 0.020g, 0.050g, and 0.0100g)was made by a 10litre pipette into an hundred milliliter bottle (100ml...
In Nigeria, there are no sewage treatment plants hence liquid wastes are managed in an indiscriminate manner. Sullage gets into drains and flows into rivers and streams. Human excreta are managed separately through ventilated improved toilets, pit toilets or septic tanks. In some areas like markets and other public places, excreta are mixed up with...
Trace metal concentrations were determined in particulate matter (PM10) in ambient air of four purposively selected residential areas in Ibadan, Nigeria namely Bodija market (BM), Ojo Park (OP), Oluyole Estate (OE) and University of Ibadan (UI). PM10 was determined in the morning (7-10 a.m.) and afternoon (2-5 p.m.) for 12 weeks in the dry season m...
While some composting had been practiced on a limited basis in Nigeria 50 years ago, the practice still is largely neglected. Farmers find it more convenient to use fertilizers because of the ease of carrying, storing and applying. However, since 1986, there has been a major change in the composition of refuse in Nigeria. With greater numbers of pe...
A survey was carried out among 40 ornamental plant cultivators in three major cities in Nigeria, Lagos, Ibadan, and Abeokuta on their cultivation practices using compost. The newly emerging industry is in need of a large supply of compost. No chemical fertilizers are currently being used. Over 30 varieties of ornamental plants are cultivated throug...
Arsenic is a toxic metal with adverse effect on health, hence the need for
geochemical evaluation of water sources to determine the level of arsenic
concentration, their sources and propose remediation method to stem the tide of
pollution of water in Ibadan, a highly urbanized city in South west Nigeria.
Thirty water samples were randomly taken in...
In order to tackle the problem posed by solid wastes (SWs) in Ibadan, an integrated solid waste recycling facility was built in 2004 by the Oyo State government at Orita-Aperin without prior information on SW generated in the area. This study was designed to assess the SWs generated in the area, with a view of sustainability of raw material procure...
The Niger Delta area in Nigeria has major oil producing and refining centers that characterized enormous industrial activities, especially in the petroleum sector. These industrial processes release different kinds of atmospheric pollutants, of which there is paucity of information on their levels and health implications. The objective of this stud...
Urban environmental noise pollution has impact on the quality of life and it is a serious health and social problem. The aim of this study was to assess the sources and noise levels, and possible impacts in selected residential neighbourhoods of Ibadan metropolis. Structured questionnaire was used to elicit information from respondents on demograph...
Inappropriate solid waste management practices in schools in less-developed countries, particularly in major urban communities, constitute one of the major factors leading to declining environmental health conditions. The objective of the authors' descriptive, cross-sectional study was to assess solid waste management problems in selected urban sch...
In Orita-Aperin, Nigeria and its environs, the inhabitants dispose of their wastes beside roads, in open spaces, and in water bodies. There is no information relating the demographic characteristics and perceptions of the community residents to their waste management practices. This study was, therefore, designed to document effects of demographic...
Contamination of soils by effluents from industries is on the increase. There is the possibility of remediating these contaminated soils through the use of certain plants. This work investigated the remediating ability of Helianthus annuus and Tithonia diversifolia on the soil polluted with effluents from a paint industry in Ibadan, Nigeria. The ex...
The inadequacy of pipe borne water supplies in urban centres is a growing problem. As a result, communities resort to buying water from vendors. In recent years, sachet or bottled water became major sources of drinking water in the households and at work. This study aimed at assessing the chemical and bacteriological quality of packaged water sold...
The University of Ibadan has developed a simple design that can be easily employed by the smaller communities for managing their organic wastes. The model is consisting of three PVC digesters, which are connected in series with a slope for gravity flow of the slurry with uniform mixing. The capacity of the digesters is 226 liters and the top digest...
Research on air quality in and around schools, and the associated vulnerability of school-age children, is limited in less developed countries (LDCs), particularly Africa. The main objective of this study was to conduct an initial assessment of sources of air pollution in and around schools as a surrogate for air quality and report adverse health e...
The descriptive cross-sectional study assessed contributions of Youth Environmental Scout (YES) clubs toward sustainable environmental programs in selected schools in Ibadan, southwest Nigeria. It involved administration of questionnaires, in-depth interviews and observation checklists and results were analyzed using SPSS 10 software package. Resul...
Presently, there is increase in public awareness and attention on environmental pollution, but very scanty information is available on heavy metal pollution of the tropical soil ecosystem and the possibility of removing these pollutants from the soils. This work, therefore, investigated the possibility of removing Pb and Cd, in situ from soil pollu...
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess the removal of lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and cadmium (Cd) from polluted soils using Helianthus annuus and Tithonia diversifolia. There were three pot trials consisting of different levels of Pb and Cu at 0, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 mg kg−1; and Cd at 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 mg kg−1 rates using soluble c...
Most schools in Ibadan, Nigeria, are located near major roads (mobile line sources). We conducted an initial assessment of noise levels and adverse noise-related health and learning effects.
For this descriptive, cross-sectional study, four schools were selected randomly from eight participating in overall project. We administered 200 questionnaire...
A survey of the World Health Organization in 1975 revealed that 75 percent of urban dwellers in the developing countries did not have adequate sewage disposal facilities. The remaining 25 percent had no system of any kind. This situation is particularly glaring in Nigeria where none of the major populous cities, including Lagos, the capital, has an...
The bacteriological quality of drinking water from well, spring, borehole, and tap sources and that stored in containers by urban households in Ibadan was assessed during wet and dry seasons. The MPN technique was used to detect and enumerate the number of coliforms in water samples. Results showed that majority of households relied on wells, which...
Purpose – This paper seeks to describe the impact of a series of bomb explosions (Ikeja Ammunition Transfer Depot, Lagos, Nigeria) on the environment, health and psychology of the local communities. Design/methodology/approach – Information was collected from reports in local newspapers, records and in-depth interviews with residents and opinion le...
Potassium (K) is a scarce agricultural chemical, which is being depleted from Nigerian soils at a fast rate. There are no known resources in Nigeria and farmers depend on imported muriate of potash (KCl) for their needs. A study has been undertaken on the potential for resource utilization of potash from known farm wastes available in plentiful sup...
In developing countries, relatively, little or no attention has been devoted to the potential for childhood exposure to lead used in domestic paint. In this study, we measured lead levels in 19 samples of locally manufactured paint purchased from the Nigerian market in February, 2005. The level of lead in the paints ranged from 17.5&mgr;g·g−1 to 51...
Potable water is a major problem in urban centres in Nigeria. For decades, communities have been in the habit of utilizing springs in their vicinity as a source of potable water. However, the Government does not concern itself with the water quality or yield of springs, particularly in light of rapid urbanization which is associated with a variety...
Schistosomiasis is second only to malaria and is endemic in Nigeria. It has been reported that the infection is more prevalent, irrespective of gender, in the age group 5 to 14 years. It is least among the age group 26 and 55 and occurs mostly in the rural areas in the country. The infection is spreading from the rural areas to various urban commun...
Ibadan, like other urban centers in Nigeria is characterized by a large number of illegal solid waste dumps. These waste dumps decomposing under the tropical heat pose serious pollution problems to the ecosystems and at the same time are transformed naturally into ‘manure’ or compost over a period of stay and degradation under the tropical sun. Rap...
Ibadan, the capital of Oyo State in the southwestern part of Nigeria, carried out a survey of selected households to design a suitable composting bin. Different types of food items commonly processed in the houses were assessed over a period of four weeks to obtain the variety and consistency. A unit measure of each fresh food item processed and co...
Leachates are wastewater generated principally from landfills and solid waste disposal sites. Leachates emanating from municipal wastes are a major source of surface and groundwater pollution worldwide. Globally, leachates have been implicated in low yield of farm produce, developmental anomalies, low birth weights, leukemia incidence, and other ca...
Solid waste disposal is the most serious environmental concern encountered in the markets of Ibadan, the largest indigenous city in tropical Africa and capital of Oyo state. Prominent among the 46 designated markets, Bodija is unique for its variety of trades and its large size. The Ibadan Waste Management Authority (IWMA), the agency responsible f...
Noise levels were measured in 3 hospitals in Ibadan; a teaching hospital with approximately 800 beds and 2 general hospitals with about 200 beds each. A type 2 digital integrating sound level meter was used to measure noise levels in selected sites. Children's clinics and wards in the teaching hospital recorded the highest noise levels, 68-73db(A)...
A description of how three communities in Ibadan, Nigeria, tackled the problem of waste disposal and drainage improvement. A community diagnosis used numerous research methodologies, including survey, participant and non-participant observation, group discussions, and home visits to establish a baseline and design a community intervention and evalu...
Two industrial and highly populated cities namely Ibadan and Lagos, both located in Southwestern Nigeria have urban migrationproblems and resource limitations. As a result, the development of residential areas near waste sites and the indiscriminate dumping of municipal waste are common in both cities. Orita-Aperin and Oworonsoki neighborhoods in I...
The use of compost or manure in agriculture as an organic source of nutrients is common in many tropical, developing countries like Nigeria. One of the drawbacks of such materials is their low nitrogen (N) content (=1% N). Farmers commonly use chemical N fertilizers such as urea, calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN), and NPK formulations to obtain better...
A Cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the environmental and personal hygiene practices of mothers of children aged less than five years in two markets in Ibadan--one with poor sanitary conditions (Bodija) and the other one with better sanitation facilities (Gbagi). The study sought to identify the risk factors for diarrhoea among th...
A study was carried out on the integrated water management in an urban poor community in Ibadan, Nigeria. This community with a population of 20 938 is located in the Koloko-Aiyekalearea under the North East Local Government occupying an area of 0.97 km2. They engage mostly in trading, farming and some have taken up the civil service and teaching p...
A cross-sectional survey was carried out among mothers of children aged less than five years in two markets in Ibadan, one with poor environmental sanitation and the other clean and well maintained. The study took place between September 1996 and March 1997. The questionnaire used for this survey sought information about the occurrence of diarrhoea...
Pullets and hens (56 each), placed on the same experimental diet, were each divided equally into 4 groups. They were each randomly assigned to 4 different drinking water treatments, viz. bore-hole water, and bore-hole water to which powdered aluminium sulphate was added to give aluminium concentration of 10. 20 or 40 mg/litre. The chicken received...
In Nigeria, the utilization of residuals for agricultural purposes is an ancient practice that is up to the present widely used. In the past, composting has proven to be very effective in reducing the problems associated with the use of organic fertilizers. However just recently, it has become evident that while composting optimizes the stabilizati...
This study provides first hand information on nitrates in groundwater supply and could be useful to research institutes and governments in the provision of public services. Among the different sources of water supply the dug well seems to be the most prone to nitrate contamination. This study shows that wells with high levels of nitrate were those...
Poultry wastes are posing serious environmental pollution problems in Nigeria through offensive odours and promotion of fly and rodent breeding. Farmers normally dispose of their poultry wastes through heaping and burning or dumping on the farm in the fresh state. Experiments were conducted to stabilize the waste for 12 weeks by a bag process simil...
Treating ponds that are infested with guinea worm cyclops can be difficult in rural areas. The provision of sanitary wells costs money, and the major expenditure is the digging and lining. As a result people often try to economize on the lining, which often results in a poor quality structure that collapses. This article describes a project which p...
The planned global eradication of guineaworm (dracunculiasis) offers opportunities to learn about relatively complicated disease control situations. Unlike smallpox, which was eradicated over 10 years ago through immunization, the guineaworm problem has no one solution, but must rely on a variety of technologies to protect, treat or replace existin...
Raw sewage, treated sewage effluents and tap water were provided as drinking waters for 20-week-old point-of-lay chickens for 16 weeks. The compositions of the drinking waters varied slightly but were, with the exception of pH, within the recommended acceptable limits. The drinking waters had no significant effect on water consumption, feed intake;...
Guineaworm, a disabling waterborne helminthic disease, has been targeted for eradication from endemic areas of Africa and South Asia. One short-term intervention consists of filtering pond water through a clean cloth. Monofilament nylon cloth has been found to be more effective in straining out the vector-various species of the small crustacean, cy...
Methaemoglobin levels in 154 normal infants from Aba, Imo State, Eastern Nigeria were determined. In the population 53% showed methaemoglobin levels 0–2%, 32% showed 3–8% and 15% showed 9‐23%. The nitrate levels in the tap waters, boreholes and rivers ranged between 1.10–48.4 mg/1 wi