M.F.M. Nordin’s research while affiliated with Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT) and other places

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Publications (4)


Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutans leaves by water-based ultrasonic assisted extraction
  • Article

August 2018

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159 Reads

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12 Citations

Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science

N.A.F. Baharuddin

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M.F.M. Nordin

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[...]

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M.A.C. Yunus

Clinacanthus nutans (C. nutans) is a prominent herb species that widely cultivated in Southeast Asia region. The effect of water-based ultrasonic assisted extraction at various temperature (30 to 60 °C) and time (5 to 30 minutes) on the total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in C. nutans leaves extract was investigated. Acquired extract was quantified for its total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminium chloride test and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, respectively. The result has revealed that the highest temperature led to the degradation of bioactive compound in C. nutans leaves. The highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity achieved at 55 °C and 25 minutes with 13.87 ± 0.15 mg gallic acid g⁻¹ dry sample and 52.88 ± 3.91% inhibition, respectively. Meanwhile, greatest flavonoid content was obtained for 12.25 ± 1.01 mg quercetin g⁻¹ of dry sample at 55 °C and 15 minutes of extraction. From this study, it was shown that C. nutans extraction has gained benefit from ultrasonic assisted extraction and has possibilities of being used for the herbs utilisation of beneficial food materials, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals at manufacturing industry. © 2018, Malaysian Society of Analytical Sciences. All rights reserved.


Figure 1. Water phase diagram [9]
Figure 2. Variation of total phenolic content (TPC) of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome
Figure 3. Variation of total flavonoid content (TFC) of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome
Figure 4. Variation of radical scavenging activity (RSA) of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome
Figure 5. Correlation graphs between TPC and TFC with RSA of Zingiber zerumbet rhizome
Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content and Radical Scavenging Activity from Zingiber zerumbet Rhizome using Subcritical Water Extraction
  • Article
  • Full-text available

August 2018

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409 Reads

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8 Citations

International Journal of Engineering

Subcritical water extraction (SWE) is an alternative technique implemented water as a solvent. The objective of this work was to extract Zingiber zerumbet rhizome using SWE at a temperature range from 100ºC to 180ºC with duration from 5 to 25 min. The extracts were analysed for total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA). Soxhlet extraction using ethanol was used for a comparison purpose. Results showed the highest TPC and TFC was obtained at 180ºC and 25 min extraction, with the yield of 18.52 mg GAE/gDW and 2.34 mg QE/gDW of rhizome for TPC and TFC, respectively. RSA at peak of 83.9 % inhibition at the condition of 180ºC and 10 min extraction. In comparison to Soxhlet extraction, the extract after SWE gives the highest amount of TPC and RSA. However, the values for TFC are lower as compared to ethanolic extract. Therefore, SWE process for Zingiber zerumbet extract is favourable for higher TPC and RSA. A direct linear correlation between the RSA with the TPC and TFC of the extracts shows that a strong correlation was observed between TPC and the RSA with the R² obtained was 0.910 as compared to moderate correlation (R²=0.785) perceived in TFC. Thus, it shows higher radical scavenging activity in Zingiber zerumbet was contributed by phenolic content as compared to its flavonoid content. In overall, SWE is a potential alternative extraction process that should be further explored. © 2018 Materials and Energy Research Center. All rights reserved.

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Effects of Processing Parameters in the Sonic Assisted Water Extraction (SAWE) of 6-Gingerol

February 2017

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56 Reads

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15 Citations

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

The use of water in subcritical conditions for extraction has several drawbacks. These include the safety features, higher production costs and possible degradation of the bioactive compounds. To overcome these problems, sonic energy and an entrainer were used as external interventions to decrease the polarity of water at milder operating conditions. The effect of low (28 kHz) and high (800 kHz) frequencies of sonication in the extraction of the main ginger bioactive compound (6-gingerol) were compared. Six parameters were studied: mean particle size (MPS, mm), time of extraction, applied power, sample to solvent ratio (w/v), temperature of extraction, and the percentage of entrainer. The optimum conditions for high frequency SAWE prototype were MPS 0.89-1.77 mm, 45 min, 40 W applied power, 1:30 (w/v), 45°C, and 15% of ethanol as entrainer. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) gave the most significant parameter, which was power with F (1, 45.07), p< 2.50 x 10⁻⁹. Although the effect of low frequency was stronger than high frequency, at the optimum conditions of the sample to solvent ratio 1:30 (w/v) with 700 mL solvent and temperature 45°C, the concentration and recovery of 6-gingerol from high frequency of SAWE prototype was 2.69 times higher than at low frequency of SAWE. It was found that although the effects of high frequency (800kHz) were negligible in other studies, it could extract suitable compounds, such as 6-gingerol, at lower temperature. Therefore, the effects of sonication, which cause an enlargement in the cell wall of the ginger plant matrix, were observed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). It was found that the applied power of sonication was the most significant parameter compared to the other parameters.


Pressurized hot water extraction of phenolic and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutan leaves using accelerated solvent extractor

January 2017

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399 Reads

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4 Citations

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES

To Cite This Article: N.A.F Baharuddin, M.F.M Nordin, N.A Morad, N.A Rasidek., Pressurized hot water extraction of phenolic and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutan leaves using accelerated solvent extractor. Accelerated solvent extractor (ASE) is classified as the Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) which is known as green extraction process mainly used for bioactive extraction from plant matrices. In the present work, 'belalai gajah' leaves or Clinacanthus nutan was used for extraction of phenolic compound and antioxidant activity using ASE. In this study, the effect of temperature and time on total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activity (AA) was investigated. Operating variable consists of temperature ranging from 100 to 180°C and time 5 to 30 minutes; at 1500psi. The results indicate the highest TPC was obtained at 160°C, 5 minutes with value of 20.97 ± 0.03 mg gallic acid g-1 dry sample and TFC was found highest, 20.99 ± 0.01 mg quercetin g-1 dry sample at 180°C, 30 minutes. Meanwhile, greatest AA achieved till 68% at 180°C, 5 minutes. Thus, the TFC in C. nutans contribute more to antioxidant activity than TPC with R 2 more than 80%. TFC can be used as a guidance in assessing the antioxidant activity of herb plants. From this study, the present investigation reveals that TFC is mainly responsible for DPPH free radical scavenging capacity.

Citations (4)


... Mao et al. [32] highlighted that the health benefits of ginger are primarily attributed to its phenolic compounds. Additionally, numerous researchers have carried out studies on Zingiber officinale Roscoe [33][34][35][36][37] and other ginger species, including Zingiber zerumbet [29,38,39], Zingiber montanum [40], Zingiber officinale rubrum, and Zingiber officinale amarum [35]. The primary contribution of this work, compared to previous studies on ginger, lies in the evaluation of the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Zingiber officinale peel extract using the PLE method with water as the sole solvent. ...

Reference:

Antioxidant Activity of Zingiber officinale R. Extract Using Pressurized Liquid Extraction Method
Total Phenolic Content, Total Flavonoid Content and Radical Scavenging Activity from Zingiber zerumbet Rhizome using Subcritical Water Extraction

International Journal of Engineering

... TPC was the highest in UAE1 among the four extracts. Similar findings were detected during the UAE of southern Algerian potato cultivars, and the findings of the study agreed with Lanez and Haoua [20], where the TPC of Clinacanthus nutans leaves was found to be higher at low ultrasound power [20,21]. ...

Total phenolic, flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutans leaves by water-based ultrasonic assisted extraction
  • Citing Article
  • August 2018

Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science

... Several reports are available in which ASE is applied to extract phenolic compounds. 62,63 Very recently, the accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) method was compared to conventional ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and solvent extraction (CSE) methods, and interestingly the ASE was found to be more appropriate and efficient among all three methods for the extraction of anthocyanin and total phenolic compounds. 64 3.2.5 Supercritical uid extraction. ...

Pressurized hot water extraction of phenolic and antioxidant activity of Clinacanthus nutan leaves using accelerated solvent extractor
  • Citing Article
  • January 2017

AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES

... Similar trends in the effect of ultrasonic treatment have been observed in previous studies on fresh ginger, albeit with different varieties [69,70]. Antibacterial agents are a group of ingredients that compete against pathogenic bacteria. ...

Effects of Processing Parameters in the Sonic Assisted Water Extraction (SAWE) of 6-Gingerol
  • Citing Article
  • February 2017

Ultrasonics Sonochemistry