January 2004
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8,495 Reads
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132 Citations
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January 2004
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8,495 Reads
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132 Citations
October 2003
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40 Reads
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27 Citations
TESOL Quarterly
March 2003
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36 Reads
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8 Citations
TESOL Quarterly
March 2003
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25 Reads
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2 Citations
TESOL Quarterly
March 2002
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530 Reads
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302 Citations
TESOL Quarterly
The dozens of studies on academic discourse carried out over the past 20 years have mostly focused on written academic prose (usually the technical research article in science or medicine) or on academic lectures. Other registers that may be more important for students adjusting to university life, such as textbooks, have received surprisingly little attention, and spoken registers such as study groups or on-campus service encounters have been virtually ignored. To explain more fully the nature of the tasks that incoming international students encounter, this article undertakes a comprehensive linguistic description of the range of spoken and written registers at U.S. universities. Specifically, the article describes a multidimensional analysis of register variation in the TOEFL 2000 Spoken and Written Academic Language Corpus. The analysis shows that spoken registers are fundamentally different from written ones in university contexts, regardless of purpose. Some of the register characterizations are particularly surprising. For example, classroom teaching was similar to the conversational registers in many respects, and departmental brochures and Web pages were as informationally dense as textbooks. The article discusses the implications of these findings for pedagogy and future research.
... Since this group of texts is identified by external constraints such as their social purpose, situational characteristics 3 and institutional location as described above, rather than by a set of internal constraints such as linguistic features, it is possible, and perhaps even likely, that such a group of texts would show internal linguistic variation (Biber, 1988(Biber, , 1993and Biber et al., 2003). Individual texts may then be grouped together into sub-groups, or profiles, based on this use of linguistic features to better understand such internal variation. ...
March 2003
TESOL Quarterly
... Regarding newspaper corpora, Gabrielatos (2007) offers practical guidance on how texts can be systematically collected by pre-determining query terms, searching for articles in a text archive (such as LexisNexis or Factiva) and then downloading them. Typically, and following recommendations by Egbert and Schnur (2018) and Biber (2021) to treat the text as the main unit of analysis, this means that we construct the corpus article by article, saving one newspaper article per txt file. But even after collecting the raw texts, preparing the data for corpus analysis is another matter altogether. ...
Reference:
Corpus-Assisted Discourse Studies
October 2003
TESOL Quarterly
... Domain definition, which is more relevant to this study, concerns the documentation of communicative demands and linguistic features in a specific target context. Over the years, many corpora have been created which constitute a useful resource for test developers in understanding language use in specific contexts (e.g., Biber et al., 2004). For listening assessment, however, existing corpus-based studies that have investigated temporal fluency measures (e.g., speech rate) of authentic spoken texts are limited. ...
January 2004
... Insights from this study could prove valuable for political analysts, linguists, and historians, as well as for current political leaders seeking to refine their rhetorical strategies to resonate effectively with diverse audiences. Biber et al. (2002) conducted an extensive analysis on the linguistic tasks encountered by international students, examining the TOEFL 2000 Spoken and Written Academic Language Corpus to compare spoken and written registers in U.S. university settings. The study revealed notable distinctions, such as classroom teaching resembling conversational language, while institutional brochures demonstrated similar informational density to textbooks, underscoring the differing demands across academic contexts. ...
March 2002
TESOL Quarterly
... The findings of the present corpus-based analysis can be utilized as the direction to provide suggestions on English language teaching as Conrad et al. (2003) recommended corpus-based studies might throw light on basic conventions of the grammar of English and, consequently, provide the chance of proper and effective pedagogical application.The study also suggests thatthere is a need to conduct corpus-based studies on Pakistani English writers across various discipline by constructing more lengthy corpora to study other linguistic features along with the conjunctive cohesion. ...
March 2003
TESOL Quarterly