M. V. Kabytova’s research while affiliated with Volgograd State Medical University and other places

To understand the processes occurring during the development of temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome, a clear description of the anatomical components is necessary. In the literature, the term «stomatognathic system» is used for this, the elements of which are the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles and the dental periodontal complex. Each component of the system is influenced by a number of factors, primarily psychological, which causes the subjectivization of clinical manifestations from headaches to pathological tooth cutting and the development of temporomandibular joint dysfunction. One of the methods of treating this pathology is to inject botulinum toxin type A into the chewing muscles. However, the question of the choice of methods of administration of botulinum toxin and its dosage remains relevant. Materials and methods. Botulinum toxin injections were performed outside and intraoral in 30 patients with temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome. The effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated on the basis of clinical examination data, analysis of the degree of mouth opening before the start of treatment, after 14 days, 6 and 12 months. Results. The high efficiency of botulinum toxin type A injections in the treatment of the above pathology has been proven. Conclusion. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment based on the developed clinical examination methods, if necessary, correct it in a timely manner at all stages of treatment and follow-up of patients with temporomandibular myofascial pain syndrome.

Leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa. The prevalence of this disease has been steadily increasing in the last few years. In addition, it is recommended to distinguish between this condition and other possible lesions with a similar clinical picture. Such a rapid increase in morbidity is associated with bad habits that are gaining popularity. We conducted a screening examination of patients by autologous fluorescence examination of the oral mucosa. Based on the results of the examination, a treatment plan was drawn up for patients, taking into account the risks of malignant transformation. All patients were under dynamic supervision. Based on the results of the study, patients with a history of leukoceratosis should regularly visit a dentist.

AIM . The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of relief of masticatory muscle spasticity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome by a combined treatment method – the use of injections of botulinum toxin type A in combination with kinesiotaping. MATERIALS AND METHODS . 36 people were examined in two stages – clinical and functional examination of the condition of the chewing muscles before the start of therapy, after 14 and 28 days. RESULTS . At all follow-up periods, positive dynamics was obtained in determining the volume of oral cavity opening in active and passive form, assessing the motor activity of the chewing muscles on the MAS scale, intensity and duration of pain potential and according to myotonometric, ultrasound and electromyographic methods. To relieve myofascial pain syndrome, it is advisable to use a differentiated, patient-oriented approach. CONCLUSIONS. Timely inclusion of botulinum therapy and kinesiotaping in the treatment plan is justified and appropriate, the choice of wait-and-see tactics can lead to the formation of persistent functional shifts, which further significantly complicates the relief of masticatory muscle spasticity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome.

AIM. To determine the need for early orthodontic treatment of children with bad habits, to assess the need for complex treatment and involvement of doctors of different profiles to eliminate the pathology of the maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS . A comprehensive examination of children with bad habits at the age of 1 to 3 years was carried out, which included: questioning of parents, study of dental status, distribution of children into groups depending on the degree of need for orthodontic treatment. RESULTS. The first group included 14 children (22.58 % ± 1.26) who had bad habits but did not need specialized orthodontic treatment. The second group included 23 patients (37.09 % ± 1.01) who required orthodontic treatment by myogymnastics. Patients of the third group, which included 8 patients (12.9 % ± 1.4), required specialized orthodontic treatment with prescription of removable appliances of mechanical and (or) functional action. The fourth group consisted of 10 children (16.12 % ± 1.35) who required complex dental treatment. The fifth group of need for orthodontic treatment included 7 children (11.29 % ± 1.43) who required not only dental treatment but also the involvement of general medical specialists. CONCLUSION . Among young children the prevalence of bad habits remains high and the variety of their clinical manifestations does not always provide only orthodontic treatment.

Relevance . The article is devoted to the issue of diagnosing the condition of the jaw bone tissue in children with mixed dentition. The relevance of the study is related to the increased consumption of chewing gum by children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the echodensity of the jaw bone tissue in patients with mixed dentition using chewing gum with varying intensity. Materials and methods. We examined 31 children, the average age was 8.5±1.2 years. It is at this age that the active formation of facial morphology and anatomy takes place, which is directly related to the condition of the jaw bones. For diagnosis, an ultrasound technique was chosen – osteometry. This method is based on assessing the speed of propagation of ultrasound waves along the surface of the bone. In addition, in comparison with radiation, ultrasound methods for studying bone tissue have significant advantages, expressed in the reliability of the results obtained, low cost of procedures, ease of use, absence of radiation for personnel and patients, and minimal research time. From a practical point of view, this method is the most accessible in a dental office. Echoosteometry was carried out using the Echoosteometer EOM-01TS apparatus. Results. Based on the study, it was revealed that there was an imbalance in bone density in children who actively used chewing gum.

INTRODUCTION . The relevance of the study is related to the increased uncontrolled consumption of chewing gum by children.AIM. The aim is to study the functional state of masticatory muscles in patients with changeable dentition using chewing gum in different modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS . The study was carried out on 31 children, the average age of whom was 8.5 ± 1.2 years. It is at this age there is an active formation of facial morphology, which is directly related to the activity of the masticatory muscles. Therefore, it is very important to assess the condition of the masticatory musculature in order to timely identify imbalance in muscle activity, hypo and hypertonus of the musculature and to start therapy. Electromyographic study was performed on the Synapsis apparatus. RESULTS . There is a violation of coordination in the work of masticatory muscles with predominance in the work in the right temporal muscle and left proper masticatory muscle. This is due to the fact that additional chewing was present in this group. CONCLUSION . The provided analysis of masticatory function showed that children who frequently use chewing gum have a pronounced discoordination and imbalance in the work of masticatory muscles.

Relevance. Diagnosis of oral mucosa diseases is very difficult. Heterogeneity of the oral mucosa disease manifestation often requires invasive diagnostic methods, which cause the pain syndrome. Timely and complete pain syndrome relief and the impact on all phases of the w ound healing process allow faster patient rehabilitation. The study aimed to examine the effect of Ketanov MD and Cifran CT on the wound process and the pain syndrome intensity after incisional and excisional biopsies to verify the oral mucosa pathology. Materials and methods. The study surveyed 30 people with oral mucosal diseases. The patients (30 subjects) formed two groups: excisional (10 people) and incisional biopsy (20 people). In these groups, we clinically evaluated the course of the wound process, the pain syndrome intensity, oedema phenomena, hyperemia, and the exudate presence. We analysed the quality of life of such patients using a validated Russian v ersion of the questionnaire. Results . On the 3rd day after the biopsy, on top of the generally accepted treatment of oral mucosal diseases and Ketorol MD and Cifran CT intake, the patients noted moderate aching and discomfort when talking and eating. After 14 days, all patients showed an improvement in qualitative and quantitative parameters, the absence of pain and the development of reinfection on therapy with non-steroidal anti-inf lammatory and antibacterial drugs. Conclusion . These drugs have a positive effect on the course of the phases of the wound process. They help reduce the pain response and contribute to faster patient rehabilitation af ter the biopsies in oral mucosal diseases.

Innovative technologies are actively penetrating into all spheres of human life, and have made it possible to make a big breakthrough. The simulators used in medicine provide an opportunity for training and accreditation of dentists. Modern dentistry is actively developing and requires the development of a large amount of knowledge, the acquisition of clinical skills and the ability to solve certain clinical problems. For example, important clinical skills in restorative dentistry include the preparation of carious cavities, endodontic treatment, restoration of the anatomical shape of the tooth. In surgical dentistry, this is anesthesia, tooth extraction and implantation. Dental phantoms are designed to solve the problem, but such models do not give a complete picture of the work of the dentist. © 2022. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. All Rights Reserved.

Spasticity of the masticatory muscles in patients with cerebral palsy (cerebral palsy) is noted in 60 % of cases. Due to the limited opening of the mouth, it is often very difficult for a dentist to perform manipulations in the oral cavity. First of all, it is necessary to correct the muscle tone of the chewing muscles, which is the key to the success of a full-fledged dental treatment. This article proves the effectiveness of the combined effect on the spasticity of the masticatory muscles in a patient with cerebral palsy on the example of a clinical case. The dental status, the state of the chewing muscles before the treatment and after 3 months are described. Correction of muscle hypertonicity was carried out by performing a complex of adaptive myohymnastics in combination with a pneumatic trainer after injections of abobotulotoxin type A. The first experience of combined effects on the spasticity of the masticatory muscles in a patient with cerebral palsy indicates the prospects for further development and implementation of this technique.