July 2020
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The aerodynamic performance of a 3-D NACA 6409 wing in ground effect was examined numerically with different wing configurations. The influence of changing twist angles, anhedral angles, taper ratios, and sweep angles on the aerodynamic performance was examined and compared with based model. Structured mesh domains were built, and RANS turbulence model Spalart-Allmaras was solved with a commercial solver. Base model numerical results show good agreement with available experimental data. The results show that wash-in twist has a positive effect on wing aerodynamic performance near ground proximity, as well as anhedral angles. Although swept wings have a negative effect on aerodynamic efficiencies compared with non-swept wings, an optimum swept twisted wing configuration was proposed to achieve higher aerodynamic efficiency, while applying wing sweep. Tapered wings produced a slight increase in aerodynamic efficiency in a narrow range of taper ratios. Speed variation has no drastic or abrupt effect on results.