M. M. Bakhtin's scientific contributions

... Matusov (2007) argues that Bakhtinian theory offers valuable ways of understanding learning more holistically, beyond instrumental measurements of knowledge and skill-not just as human development but human being (Renshaw, 2004). Of Bakhtin's many precepts, often grouped under the overarching term, 'dialogism' (Holquist, 1990), ideological becoming (Bakhtin/Medvedev, 1978) is of interest in this research. 'Ideological becoming' is a term that captures how we, as teacher educators, developed ideological perspectives that helped us navigate the tensions evoked by AL pedagogies in the context of the educational technology course we designed. ...

... Estas contribuciones se caracterizan por incorporar en su análisis el concepto de dialogicidad, cuya aparición en el contexto académico se remonta a las refl exiones de Bakhtin sobre la novela (Holquist, 1981). Dicho concepto se ha traducido en la identificación de formas específi cas de participación en el diálogo, agrupadas en categorías que, entre otras cosas, ilustran la importancia de la explicitud y el razonamiento en la conversación con valor educativo (Mercer, 1997). ...

... The researcher is a member of the community and is fully aware of the tattoo practice due to a current personal experience with a tattoo. Bakhtin (1986;p. 289) explains that actions can only be understood, appreciated, and observed through an insider's perspective who shares the same language to grasp true meanings associated with these actions and expressions. ...

... As indicated in Table 10.1, the elements of this level of map making were grounded in developing times identified for the events from the video records. These time markers created an anchor for analyzing time-space-actor interactions (cf., chronotopes, Bakhtin, 1981, p. 257 cited in Kumpulainen, 2019, as well as speaker-hearer/individual-collective interactions (cf., Bakhtin, 1986;Fairclough, 1992;Gumperz, 1982). By constructing this table as a more detailed and complex level of map making than was possible from the fieldnotes, I demonstrated how tracing and (re)presenting developing discourse and interactional processes from video records extended the power of my analytical lens. ...

... To extend the literature on the production of the 'ethically appropriate individual' in an organizational setting, Bakhtin's theoretical framework for studying the dynamic relationships among culture, identity construction, and ethics is highly relevant. While organizational studies typically center on Bakhtin's ideas of the 'dialogical self' and 'carnivalian self' (Emerson, 1995), we draw attention to his early concept of the 'answerable self.' Bakhtin (1990;1999) argues that too little attention has been placed on the 'answerable self' when situating ethics in universal laws (form) or cultural norms (content). The individual is understood as sensible, responsible, and answerable toward others. ...

... Did he try to abstract teacher-free pedagogical techniques that other educators, with the right training, could use to gain the same desired educational outcomes? 40 Bakhtin's term (Bakhtin, 1993 A85 My immediate answer is "yes," judging the technological language Martin Duberman often used to describe his practice as an experiment. In part, his use of the technological language might be political, aimed at winning his institutional approval -the technological paradigm of education has not been just hegemonic but also monopolistic in higher education. ...

... The function of hashtags in this instance, therefore, could allow the adolescents to negotiate the attributive relationship (Halliday & Matthiessen, 2004) or the intertextual relationship (Bakhtin, 1978) with other pre-existing texts and hashtags in SNSs. For Halliday and Matthiessen (2004), the attributive relationship is when "a text has some class ascribed or attributed to it." ...

... On the notion of 'polyphony', seeBakhtin (1981), who introduced the term within literary analysis, and the works of Ducrot, who developed a linguistic theory of polyphony (cf. e.g.Ducrot 1984). ...

... According to our reading of Bakhtin's view of discursive communication (Haye and Larrain 2011;Haye and Larraín 2018), discourse is an ideological and historical process of embodied and affective positionings occurring through the intersection and mixture of multiple languages. Language is the concrete material form through which an axiological system, and ideologically saturated worldview, unfold (Bakhtin 1981). Language is not an abstract system, and it is not composed of logic propositions; rather, as Bertau (2011) says, it is an energeia or an unfolding activity occurring through living semiotic forms, which form and perform worldviews. ...

... Indeed, the theories of the so-called 'West European Formalism' (to use the notion of Pavel Medvedev from his critics of the formal approach in literary scholarship, 1928: see [33]) are based on the conceptual apparatus of the scientific psychology. Accordingly to Medvedev, 'the European Formalism developed the problem of seeing as the problem of meaningful vision, as the problem of the sensual perception of meaning, or [...] as the problem of the sensual quality burdened with meaning' [33, p. 49]. ...