M. L. Pollock's research while affiliated with University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee and other places
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Publications (350)
IntroductionPhysiological and pathological changes related to ageing and exercise scienceExercise in preventive geriatricsSpecial concerns related to medical clearence of exerciseEffects of endurance training in the elderlyExercise prescription in the elderlyConsulionsRefernces
Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) is an important indicator of health-risk status, specifically for coronary heart disease (Blair et al., 1989). Direct measurement of VO2max is considered to be the most accurate means of determining cardiovascular fitness level. Typically, this measurement is taken using a progressive exercise test on a treadmill or c...
Deterioration in left ventricular function is a more sensitive marker of myocardial ischemia during exercise than ST segment depression. The current study was designed to evaluate left ventricular function during one-repetition-maximum (1-RM) strength testing and resistance exercise in cardiac patients with moderate left ventricular dysfunction.
Us...
A group of 26 sedentary adults [mean age 48.4 (SD 6.4) years] were allocated randomly into either a non-exercising control group (CON, n =9) or an exercise group (EX, n = 17) that trained 3 days a week for 12 weeks using a total body recumbent stepper (TBRS). Training intensity and duration progressed from 50% of heart rate reserve maximum (HRRmax)...
Our goal was to determine the effects resistance training on circulating IGF-I and on two of its major binding proteins, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3. Additional goals were to compare the time course of hormonal changes with the time course of strength changes and to determine the effect of training volume on the extent of hormonal changes.
Thirty-one men a...
Purpose: Our goal was to determine the effects resistance training on circulating IGF-I and on two of its major binding proteins, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-3. Additional goals were to compare the time course of hormonal changes with the time course of strength changes and to determine the effect of training volume on the extent of hormonal changes, Methods...
Studies have shown that digoxin binds to the working muscles during an acute bout of exercise, with a concomitant decrease in serum digoxin concentration. This study investigated the effects of 16 weeks of endurance exercise training on the pharmacokinetics of digoxin in old and young adults.
Twelve subjects, aged 68.5 +/- 4.5 years, and six subjec...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the time course of skeletal muscle adaptations resulting from high-intensity, upper and lower body dynamic resistance training (WT). A group of 17 men and 20 women were recruited for WT, and 6 men and 7 women served as a control group. The WT group performed six dynamic resistance exercises to fatigue us...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of increasing training volume from one set to three sets on muscular strength, muscular endurance, and body composition in adult recreational weight lifters.
Forty-two adults (age 39.7 +/- 6.2 yr; 6.2 +/- 4.6 yr weight training experience) who had been performing one set using a nine-exercise r...
When prescribed appropriately, resistance training is effective for developing fitness, health, and for the prevention and rehabilitation of orthopedic injuries. Because resistance training is an integral component in the comprehensive health program promoted by the major health organizations (e.g., American College of Sports Medicine, American Hea...
To evaluate the reliability and variability of repeated measurements of isometric knee flexion and extension strength, to quantify the extent of measurement error that may occur due to gravity, and to quantify isometric knee flexion/extension torque ratios at multiple angles through a full range of motion.
Reliability assessment.
A university exerc...
ACSM Position Stand on The Recommended Quantity and Quality of Exercise for Developing and Maintaining Cardiorespiratory and Muscular Fitness, and Flexibility in Adults. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 975-991, 1998. The combination of frequency, intensity, and duration of chronic exercise has been found to be effective for producing a...
This study investigated the effects of 16-weeks of endurance exercise training (EET) on ambulatory blood pressure in older adults. Twenty-one men and women, 68.5 +/- 4.7 (mean +/- SD) years of age were randomly assigned to an exercise group (EG, n = 11) or to a control group (CG, n = 10). Subjects were normotensive (mean resting BP 132.0 +/- 8.6/80...
To determine the effect of resistance exercise training (ET) on glucocorticoid-induced myopathy in heart transplant recipients (HTR), 14 male HTR were randomly assigned to a ET group that trained for 6 months (54 +/- 3 yr old; mean +/- SD) or a control group (51 +/- 8 yr old; mean +/- SD).
Fat mass, fat-free mass, and total body mass were measured...
We assessed plasma volume changes at peak exercise in 17 nonedematous men with chronic congestive heart failure due to coronary artery disease. Our findings suggest that acute exercise is associated with transient decreases in plasma and blood volume in these patients, similar in magnitude to those reported for healthy adults at peak exercise.
To compare current coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor values in older athletes with mid-life measures and to examine the associations between changes in CHD risk factors with aging, physical training, and physical fitness.
Prospective study with three longitudinal evaluation points: initial (T1), 10-year (T2), and 20-year (T3). Subjects were...
The purpose was to determine the aerobic power (maximal oxygen uptake) and body composition of older track athletes after a 20-yr follow-up (T3). At 20 yr, 21 subjects [mean ages: 50.5 +/- 8.5 yr at initial evaluation (T1), 60.2 +/- 8.8 yr at 10-yr follow-up (T2), and 70.4 +/- 8.8 yr at 20-yr follow-up (T3)] were divided into three intensity groups...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of head-out-of-water immersion (HOI) on elderly subjects' heart rate (HR) and oxygen uptake (V̇O2) responses to graded walking exercise. Subjects were 15 elderly participants, who selected three walking speeds and exercised for 6 min at each intensity on land and in the water. HOI exercise was...
To investigate the effects of endurance ET on the PK of digoxin in healthy, sedentary young and older adults, twelve men and women, 75.3±4.1 (mean ± SD) years, and six men and women, 30.3±3.4 years completed medical screening, renal function testing (single-bolus intravenous radioactive isotope injection measurements of glomerular filtration rate a...
Strength training is an effective method for developing musculoskeletal strength and is often prescribed for fitness, health, and the prevention and rehabilitation of orthopedic injuries. Because strength training is an integral component in the comprehensive health program promoted by the major health organizations (eg, American College of Sports...
To examine training frequency's effect on torso rotation muscle strength.
The study followed a pretest-posttest randomized-group design.
University laboratory.
Subjects, 33 men (age 30 +/- 11yr) and 25 women (age 28 +/- 10yr) with no history of low back pain, volunteered to participate in the study and were tested for isometric (IM) torso rotation...
Thicknesses of subcutaneous fat tissue at 13 sites (triceps, biceps, forearm, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, axilla, chest, quadriceps, suprapatellar, hamstrings, posterior calf, medial calf), and muscle tissue at nine sites (triceps, biceps, forearm, subscapular, abdomen, quadriceps, suprapatellar, hamstrings, posterior calf) were determined by...
Thicknesses of subcutaneous fat tissue at 13 sites (triceps, biceps, forearm, subscapular, abdomen, suprailiac, axilla, chest, quadriceps, suprapatellar, hamstrings, posterior calf, medial calf), and muscle tissue at nine sites (triceps, biceps, forearm, subscapular, abdomen, quadriceps, suprapatellar, hamstrings, posterior calf) were determined by...
Objectives:
This was a prospective, randomized, controlled study designed to determine the effect of resistance exercise training on bone metabolism in heart transplant recipients.
Background:
Osteoporosis frequently complicates heart transplantation. No preventative strategy is generally accepted for glucocorticoid-induced bone loss.
Methods:...
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of different volumes of high-intensity resistance training on isometric torque and muscle thickness. Training was conducted three times per week using one set (low volume, EX-1, N = 18) or three sets (high volume, EX-3, N = 20) of dynamic variable resistance exercise. Ten subjects acted as nont...
The fastest growing age group in the United States and Japan is the elderly. There is a need to develop appropriate exercise training guidelines designed specifically for healthy older persons. Recent reports have shown that the lactate threshold (LT) can be used to evaluate the clinical significance of aerobic power (VO2max) and its effect of exer...
Physical inactivity is recognized as a risk factor for coronary artery disease. Regular aerobic physical activity increases exercise capacity and plays a role in both primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease.1 2 3 4 5 The known benefits of regular aerobic exercise and current recommendations for implementation of exercise programs...
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among relative maximal heart rate (%HRmax), maximal heart rate reserve (%HRmax reserve), and maximal oxygen uptake (%VO2max) during submaximal exercise by elderly subjects.
VO2max and HRmax were determined on 36 women and 19 men, 60 to 80 yrs of age, by a maximal treadmill test to volitiona...
The number of persons over 65 years of age is rapidly growing and thc emphasis on health and wellness in this population is increasing. Research has shown that many limitations in physical and functional capacity are related to the adoption of a sedentary lifestyle. Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce risk factors for coronary artery disease...
Treatment of the elderly cardiac patient poses a unique problem to the clinician. In addition to cardiovascular symptoms related to coronary artery disease, age-related decrements in health, and physical function associated with musculoskeletal decline must also be addressed. Exercise training/physical activity has been shown to have a positive imp...
Exercise intolerance in the CHF patient is linked to a series of cardiac and peripheral alterations. Exercise training has been shown to reverse many of the peripheral abnormalities and result in an increased exercise tolerance, reduction in activity-related symptoms, and subsequent improvement in quality of life. Patients with medically stable CHF...
This study investigated the effects of endurance exercise training on cardiovascular and renal function in healthy, older adults. Twenty-three sedentary men and women, 68.2 4.6 (mean SD) years of age completed medical screening, including ECG studies and serum chemistries, graded exercise testing, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) determinations, and...
The aims of this study were to evaluate the Body Mass Index (BMI) (weight/stature2) as a proxy for percent body fat (%BF) and to determine its association with fat-free mass (FFM). Multivariate analysis of variance and partial correlations were used to examine relationships between BMI and %BF and FFM from densitometry for 504 men and 511 women, ag...
To determine the rate of decline in peak oxygen uptake (V̇O2peak), V̇O2 at the lactate threshold (V̇O2LT) and vital age, 15 men who had been participating in aerobic exercise (AE) (age=67±5.2 yr) and 22 recreationally active men (RA) (age=69.7±5.2 yr) were evaluated initially (T1) and at 4 year follow up (T2). The AE and the RA group had been train...
Hormonal responses of elderly individuals experiencing pre-syncopal symptoms during head-up tilt testing (HUT) were compared with responses of nonsymptomatic subjects both before (T1) and after (T2) 6 months of endurance training.
Based on responses to HUT at T1, 35 men and women (ages 61-79 years) were placed into symptomatic and nonsymptomatic gr...
In conclusion, our study is the first to document the cardiovascular safety of maximal strength testing in a large adult population. The findings suggest that maximal strength testing is a safe procedure. However, further data are needed to confirm our observations in persons who do not undergo a comprehensive medical screening procedure prior to t...
Epidemiology of Heart Disease The Heart Disease Patient: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment Risk Factor Modification Rehabilitation of the Cardiac Patient Special Considerations in Cardiac Rehabilitation Cardiac Rehabilitation in Perspective Index.
The effects of exercise training on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered propranolol were studied in young and elderly healthy volunteers. Twenty-three young (30 +/- 5 years of age) and 20 elderly (67 +/- 5 years of age) adults were randomly assigned to endurance training (N = 12 young subjects, 10 elderly subjects) or nonexercising control...
In this paper, the current guidelines on exercise for physical fitness are examined, and important issues that may influence the updating of the ACSM exercise statement are identified. The current ACSM position stand (1990) on exercise for fitness has been criticized for failing to emphasize that health benefits may result from participation in low...
Brightness-mode (B-mode) ultrasound was used to measure fat and muscle thicknesses on 44 untrained females (age = 18-29 yr, body density = 1.050 +/- 0.009 (SD)g.ml-1, %fat = 21.5 +/- 4.1%) at eight sites (triceps, biceps, forearm, subscapular, abdomen, quadriceps, hamstrings, and posterior calf). The correlation coefficients between fat and muscle...
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of 6 months of endurance training on resting plasma (PV) and blood volume (BV), and resting hormone and electrolyte concentrations in the elderly. Thirty-eight elderly men and women (ages 60-82 yr) were assigned to endurance exercise training (N = 29) or to control (N = 9) groups. Resti...
Objective.
—To encourage increased participation in physical activity among Americans of all ages by issuing a public health recommendation on the types and amounts of physical activity needed for health promotion and disease prevention.
The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of 6 months of exercise training on cardiovascular responses to 70 degrees head-up tilt (HUT) in the elderly. Forty-four elderly men and women (ages 60-82 years) were assigned to endurance training alone (n = 18), endurance training in combination with selected resistance exercises (n = 1...
Citations
... O American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM), uma das mais importantes organizações científicas sobre a prática de atividades físicas, no seu posicionamento sobre a quantidade e qualidade de exercícios para o desenvolvimento e manutenção da forma cardiovascular, muscular e da flexibilidade, para adultos saudáveis, salienta que a atividade física deve ser prescrita da forma que proporcione o máximo de