M. Brent Donnellan’s research while affiliated with Michigan State University and other places


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Publications (324)


Correlates of the DriP. scales Correlations inconsistency scales sample 1 sample 2 sample 3 meta-analytic r
Development of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the Big Five Inventory-2
  • Article
  • Full-text available

October 2024

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32 Reads

Journal of Personality Assessment

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M Brent Donnellan
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Does Perceived Similarity Between Present and Future Self Predict Well-Being? A Reanalysis and Replication of

June 2024

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6 Reads

Social Psychological and Personality Science

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Alisar Alabdullah

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Jenny Warkentien

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[...]

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Richard E. Lucas

Reiff and colleagues found that perceived similarity between one’s present and future self is positively associated with life satisfaction 10 years later, using a difference-score approach to operationalize similarity. This study further evaluated the similarity effect by reproducing the original longitudinal association with a difference-score method, by using more sophisticated analyses (i.e., polynomial regression and response surface analyses), and by replicating the association in a newly collected sample. We were able to reproduce and replicate the findings based on a difference-score approach. However, we did not find a similarity effect in either sample using more sophisticated approaches. The current results show that previously reported support for the association between perceived similarity and well-being is driven by the statistical main effects of personality reports.


Notes from the Underground: Seeking the top personality correlates of self-referencing

April 2024

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52 Reads

Journal of Personality

Objective Self‐focused language use has been frequently assumed to reflect narcissism; however, research indicates that the association between first‐person singular pronouns (i.e., “I‐talk”) and grandiose narcissism is negligible. Method To extend this literature, we progressively identify vulnerable narcissism and rumination as positive correlates of I‐talk in five studies (valid N s = 211, 475, 1253, 289, 1113). Results The first study revealed positive correlates of I‐talk suggestive of vulnerable narcissism. The second study showed more directly that vulnerable narcissism was a positive correlate but that this association was attributable to shared variance with neuroticism. The third study, a preregistered effort, replicated and extended the results of the second study. The fourth and fifth studies focused on rumination in a preregistered manner. Conclusions All the studies point to a clear distinction: While grandiose narcissism is negligibly related to I‐talk, vulnerable narcissism is positively related to I‐talk; moreover, rumination is a robust predictor of I‐talk. A research synthesis revealed the following constructs significantly capture I‐talk: depression ( r = 0.10), neuroticism ( r = 0.15), rumination ( r = 0.14), and vulnerable narcissism ( r = 0.12). The association between I‐talk and neuroticism was partially mediated by rumination, providing a testable candidate mechanism for neuroticism interventions.


Figure 1. Percent of Sample at Maximum Possible Score. Note. A = agreeableness; C = conscientiousness; E = extraversion; N = negative emotionality; O = open-mindedness; Negative emotionality values reflect percent of sample at the minimum possible score (i.e., floor).
Average Percent at Maximum Possible (POMP) Score, Standard Deviation, and Percent of Sample at Ceiling for Each Trait by Response Option Condition for Samples 1 and 2.
Internal Consistencies and Average Inter-Item Correlations for Each Trait by Response Option Condition for Samples 1 and 2.
Brief Report: Does the Number of Response Options Matter for the BFI-2? Conceptual Replication and Extension

August 2023

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173 Reads

Assessment

We evaluated how the number of response options affects the psychometric properties of the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2). Using two large samples collected from a market research company (Ns = 893 and 1,213), we tested how different response options of the BFI-2 influenced scale score distributions, internal consistency estimates, convergent validity correlations, and criterion validity correlations. Results suggest that score distributions were impacted by the number of response options such that ceiling and floor effects were more common when using two or three response options than when using more options. Estimates of Cronbach's alpha were generally lower with fewer scale points as compared with more scale points, but these effects disappeared when ordinal alpha was used. There were no systematic effects of response options on convergent validity and criterion validity correlations. Given these results, there seems to be few psychometric reasons for deciding whether to administer personality items with five, six, or seven scale points.


Development of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised

March 2023

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82 Reads

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1 Citation

Assessment

Inconsistent or careless responding is a significant threat to the validity of self-reported personality data. Using archival samples of undergraduate and community participants, we developed an inconsistent responding scale using items that appear on both the 60- and 100-item versions of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised-two widely used measures of the HEXACO model of personality trait structure. We identified pairs of correlated HEXACO items in Sample 1 and created a total inconsistent responding score by summing absolute differences between each item pair. The Brief Response Inconsistency Evaluation (BRIE) for the HEXACO effectively differentiated between genuine and randomly generated responses across samples. The BRIE also correlated as expected with other measures of careless responding and relevant personality traits (e.g., conscientiousness). Tentative cut scores for the BRIE that appear to provide a reasonable balance between sensitivity and specificity in Sample 1 were investigated. Future research should examine the BRIE with different populations and translations of the HEXACO inventories and further investigate the effectiveness of the recommended cut scores.


Correlations Between Self-Esteem and the Big Five Domains and Life-Satisfaction by Response Option Condition for Each Study.
Correlations Between Self-Esteem and the HEXACO Domains by Response Option Condition for Studies 1 and 3.
Correlations Between Self-Esteem and the Triarchic Domains by Response Option Condition for Studies 1 and 3.
How Does the Number of Response Options Impact the Psychometric Properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

September 2022

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317 Reads

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8 Citations

Assessment

The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale is the most frequently used measure of self-esteem in the social sciences. These items are often administered with a different number of response options, but it is unclear how the number of response options impacts the psychometric properties of this measure. Across three experiments ( Ns = 739, 2,358, and 1,461), we evaluated how different response options of the Rosenberg influenced (a) coefficient alpha estimates, (b) distributions of scores, and (c) associations with criterion-related variables. Observed coefficient alpha estimates were lowest for a 2-point format compared with response formats with more options. However, supplemental analyses using ordinal alpha pointed to similar estimates across conditions. Using four or more response options better approximated a normal distribution for observed summary scores. We found no consistent evidence that criterion-related correlations increased with more response options. Collectively, these results suggest that the Rosenberg should be administered with at least four response options and we favor a 5-point Likert-type response format.


General relationship quality (measured at baseline) predicting the likelihood of a problem discussion occurring, its resolution, and the problem type.
Optimism (measured at baseline) predicting whether a problem discussion occurred, was resolved, and the problem type.
Predicting daily relationship quality as a function of actor and partner optimism, daily problem solving variables, and the interactions between optimism and problem solving.
Optimism, relationship quality, and problem solving discussions: A daily diary study

August 2022

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200 Reads

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5 Citations

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

Problem solving is a necessary part of all successful relationships. The current study examined how naturally occurring day-to-day problem solving discussions were related to daily reports of relationship quality. In addition, we investigated whether optimism was associated with the nature and occurrence of these problems and moderated the association between problem solving discussions and relationship quality. Multilevel modeling was applied to data from 112 couples who completed daily diaries over 14 days ( M age = 28.2, 95.5% heterosexual, 66.5% White). Relationship quality was higher on days when couples did not report a problem discussion, when couples reported at least somewhat solving the problem they discussed, and when the problem discussion did not involve conflict. More optimistic individuals and individuals with more optimistic partners were more likely to resolve problems, less likely to discuss problems specifically about their relationship, and less likely to have problem discussions involving conflict on days when problem discussions occurred. Individuals with partners who were high in optimism reported relatively high relationship quality regardless of whether a problem discussion occurred, whereas those with partners low in optimism reported significantly lower quality on days when such a discussion took place.


Perception of Major Life Events and Personality Trait Change

June 2022

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1,508 Reads

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26 Citations

Major life events can trigger personality trait change. However, a clear, replicable pattern of event-related personality trait change has yet to be identified. We examined whether the perception of major life events is associated with personality trait change. Therefore, we assessed young adults’ personality traits at five measurement occasions within one year. At the second measurement occasion, we also assessed their perception of a recently experienced major life event using the Event Characteristics Questionnaire. Contrary to our expectations, perceived impact of the event was not associated with the amount of personality trait change, but perceived valence was associated with changes in agreeableness and neuroticism. Exploratory analyses revealed some weak associations between other perceived event characteristics and the amount of personality trait change as well as interactions between perceived event characteristics and event categories in predicting changes in neuroticism. In general, effect sizes were small, and associations depended on the time interval between pre-event and post-event personality assessment. Results indicate that perceived event characteristics should be considered when examining event-related personality trait change.


A Direct Comparison of the Temporal Stability and Criterion Validities of Experiential and Retrospective Global Measures of Subjective Well-being

April 2022

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50 Reads

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7 Citations

Journal of Research in Personality

Within the past several decades, scholars have expressed concerns regarding the psychometric properties of global, retrospective self-reports of well-being (e.g., life satisfaction scales). This has led to the development of purportedly psychometrically superior experiential measures of well-being, such as the day reconstruction method. However, relatively few studies have directly compared the psychometric properties of global and experiential well-being measures. The present study was a one-month longitudinal design in which we collected up to three measures of (1) global well-being and (2) experiential well-being as measured via the day reconstruction method. These data were used to examine the temporal stability in both types of measures. Moreover, we also examined the criterion-related validity of global and experiential well-being by examining their correlations with theoretically-relevant variables. Results indicated that the majority of variance in all well-being variables was stable across one month—with global life satisfaction being the most stable and experiential negative affect being the least stable. Moreover, in our study, the criterion-related validities for global and experiential well-being were similar. These results seem to affirm the reliability and validity of global measures, and suggest that global and experiential measures of well-being may have similar psychometric properties.


How are common major live events perceived? Exploring differences between and variability of different typical event profiles and raters

March 2022

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104 Reads

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13 Citations

European Journal of Personality

Research on major life events and personality change often focuses on the occurrence of specific life events such as childbirth, unemployment, or divorce. However, this typical approach has three important limitations: (1) Life events are typically measured categorically, (2) it is often assumed that people experience and change from the same event in the same way, and (3) external ratings of life events have unknown levels of validity. To address these limitations, we examined how common life events are typically perceived, how much perceptions of life events vary within events, and how well external ratings of events correspond to subjective ratings from people who experienced the events. We analyzed ratings of nine psychologically relevant characteristics of 10 common major life events from three different types of raters ( N = 2,210). Each life event had a distinct subjectively rated profile that corresponded well to external ratings. Collectively, this study demonstrates that life events can be meaningfully described and differentiated with event characteristics. However, people’s individual perceptions of life events varied considerably even within events. Therefore, research on major life events and their associations with personality change should incorporate individual perceptions of the events to advance the understanding of these associations.


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Citations (58)


... Nonetheless, research involving older samples suggests a general increase in NFC in late adolescence and early adulthood. These trends align with those found for Openness to Experience, the Big Five trait most closely related to NFC (Fleischhauer et al. 2009), which generally decreases across childhood and mid-adolescence and increases in late adolescence and young adulthood (Atherton et al. 2020). This U-shaped trajectory has been refered to as the disruption hypothesis, which posits that individuals undergo declines in socially desirable traits throughout adolescence, likely influenced by various biological, psychological, and social changes during this developmental phase (Soto and Tackett 2015). ...

Reference:

A Theoretical Framework for the Development of Need for Cognition in Childhood and Adolescence
Development of Personality across the Life Span
  • Citing Chapter
  • September 2020

... We refer to this new scale as the Detection of Response Inconsistency Procedure (DRIP). Consistent with prior work (e.g., Concannon et al., 2023), we first identified a pool of item pairs that were correlated at ≥|.50| and then computed the sum of the absolute differences of these pairs to yield total scores for an inconsistent responding scale. We then tested whether scale scores could differentiate between genuine and entirely (100%) randomized data, as well as partially randomized data (66%, 33%). ...

Development of an Inconsistent Responding Scale for the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised
  • Citing Article
  • March 2023

Assessment

... Participants in Sample 1 have been the focus of two previous studies (Concannon et al., 2023;Donnellan & Rakhshani, 2023) and consisted of 1,461 undergraduates from a subject pool at a large public university in Michigan within the United States of America (USA). Participants ranged from 18 to 59 years (M = 19.49, ...

How Does the Number of Response Options Impact the Psychometric Properties of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale?

Assessment

... People who show higher levels of optimism tend to experience several benefits. Optimistic individuals are more adept at problemsolving, experience lower levels of anxiety and encounter fewer everyday difficulties (Leahy et al., 2023). As a result, they are generally more effective in coping with challenges and exhibit fewer symptoms of depression (Chang, 1998;Kathryn R. Puskar, 1999). ...

Optimism, relationship quality, and problem solving discussions: A daily diary study

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships

... Criterion validity is the extent to which old and newly developed measures are considered in the same study (Hudson et al., 2022). Additionally, criterion validity can be achieved when a new instrument is proposed as a substitute for existing measures because there is no basis for comparing (Brown, 2010). ...

A Direct Comparison of the Temporal Stability and Criterion Validities of Experiential and Retrospective Global Measures of Subjective Well-being
  • Citing Article
  • April 2022

Journal of Research in Personality

... However, within a specific category of a major life event (e.g., a breakup), participants still showed substantial variance in their perception-indicating the necessity to assess the individual perception of environmental experiences. Relatedly, the DEQ allows to examine similarities and differences in the perception of daily events-within and across different event types-and how this relates to changes in relevant outcome variables (Haehner, Rakhshani, et al., 2023;Kritzler et al., 2023). ...

How are common major live events perceived? Exploring differences between and variability of different typical event profiles and raters
  • Citing Article
  • March 2022

European Journal of Personality

... In addition, according to Galbraith et al., Lutskyi,et al.,and Pollock and Rauhaus [23,24,25], the use of this diagnostic set can predict the emergence of personal changes under the influence of specific conditions of professional activity. The personality of a manager is a component of individuality, its characteristic as a social individual, a subject of the technological process [26,27]. ...

Why Has Personality Psychology Played an Outsized Role in the Credibility Revolution?

Personality Science

... For this reason, we decided to ask children about ability in specific intellectual domains that would be familiar to 4-to 6-year-olds rather than asking them about intellectual ability more generally. We reasoned that the shared variance across items pertaining to specific domains could serve as a proxy for children's beliefs about domain-general intellectual ability, especially given evidence that domain-specific beliefs are indicative of global mindset beliefs [55]. Notably, this domain-specific measurement strategy is becoming increasingly common in mindset research (e.g., [28,55]). ...

Evaluating Evidence for a Global Mindset Factor Across Multiple Ability Domains
  • Citing Article
  • November 2021

Journal of Research in Personality

... To overcome these limitations, new ways to assess daily events seem necessary, as contemporary approaches offer only limited insights into these questions (Haehner, Rakhshani, et al., 2023;Luhmann et al., 2021;Rauthmann et al., 2014). Specifically, a more thorough consideration of the perception of daily events may advance our understanding of how daily events shape people's well-being and mental health in daily life (Almeida, 2005;Lazarus, 1984;Sheldon et al., 2013). ...

Perception of Major Life Events and Personality Trait Change

... Early interactions between infants and caregivers convey a working model of relationships and lead individuals to develop insecure or secure attachment styles (Flaherty & Sadler, 2011). Receiving consistent support and nurturing from caregivers is associated with the development of a secure attachment style whereas its absence, as well as neglect and abuse, can lead one to develop an insecure attachment style (Dinero et al., 2022;Flaherty & Sadler, 2011;Kural & Kovacs, 2022). Attachment theory posits two main forms of attachment insecurity in romantic relationships: anxious attachment and avoidant attachment (Fraley & Shaver, 2000;Mikulincer & Shaver, 2008). ...

Developmental Trajectories of Adult Romantic Attachment: Assessing the Influence of Observed Interactions With Family of Origin
  • Citing Article
  • October 2021

Journal of Social and Personal Relationships