M. Biafore’s scientific contributions

ntional cellular automata, TCA consist of a lattice, a set of site values, and a list of simple rules to determine future site values. They differ from standard automata, however, in the fact that TCA lattice connections are subject to addition or removal, based upon local coupling and decoupling rules. These rules, functions of site values in a given neighborhood, act each time step to alter lattice topology. TCA dynamics have been shown to yield a wide range of behavior, including growth, decay, periodicity and selforganization [9, 6]. Applications of TCA models are diverse, including studies of phase transformations in physical and chemical systems[10, 11]. Das, Crutchfield, Mitchell and Hanson[2] have observed emergent collective behavior by using a genetic algorithm to evolve cellular automata. In the system that we propose, a hybrid between GA and TCA dynamics, we use TCA rules to evolve a set of GA. We have found the link structure flexibility of TCA to aid in the optimization

this paper. This question can be asked with various levels of sophistication. Here we will discuss a particularly simple measure of speed: the maximum number of distinct states that the system can pass through, per unit of time. For a computer, this would correspond to the maximum number of operations per second.

this paper will describe how basic quantum logic gates can be implemented via NMR spectroscopy, and present experimental results to validate our claims. After submitting the revised version of this abstract, we learned that an analogous approach has also been submitted to this workshop[7]. 2 Basic results from NMR

Cam-8 is parallel, uniform, scalable architecture offering unprecedented performance in the fine-grained modeling of spatially-extended systems. It provides a general-purpose instrument for the systematic exploration of a new band of the computational spectrum. This brochure is a first attempt at putting under one cover some material that would illustrate cam-8's particular orientation. The subject is space, time, and matter---the latter evolving according to an internally consistent dynamics. The stress is on interactive, real-time access to the entire simulation volume through "senses" similar to the ones used in a physical experiment: direct illumination and visualization, counting and weighing, coarse-grained averaging, event detection, and so on. All of the images in the following pages come from real-time simulations performed on a small cam-8 prototype. Using an amount and kind of technology comparable to that of a low-end workstation, this unit is about as good at large cellular automata calculations as any existing supercomputer. Larger units are currently being assembled, and much larger ones will be available soon. We plan to continue expanding and updating this brochure eventually, it will become an illustrated table of contents for a full-size book that we are working on. Perhaps an appropriate title for this book will be Programmable Matter, referring both to cam-8 itself, which is indeed a very flexible computational medium, as well as to the different kinds of concrete and abstract "matters" that will come to life within the machine itself.

A new approach to polymer simulation well suited to massively parallel architectures is presented. The approach is based on a novel two-space algorithm that enables 50% of the monomers to be updated in parallel. The simplicity of this algorithm enables implementation and comparison of different platforms. Such comparisons are relevant to a wide variety of scientific applications. We tested this algorithm on three commercially available machines, the MP-1, KSR1, and CM-2; and on a prototype of the CAM-8 architecture. Among the commercial machines we found the MP-1 provided the best performance for highly-parallel fine-grained simulations. Effective utilization of the KSR1 was achieved with attention to synchronization requirements. The small (8 node) CAM-8 prototype, with a kind and cost of hardware comparable to an engineering workstation, achieved a performance within a factor of two of the MP-1 for our application.