M A Hendawy’s scientific contributions

This study was conducted in two districts (Zagazig and Huseinia) of Sharkia governorate to through some lights about the breeding features of the Palm Dove, Streptopelia senegalensis. In total, 32 nests were recorded in different habitats during the period of study. The total number of monitored nests (old and new) was differed from one year to another being 34, 54 and 37 nests for 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The percentages of nests with eggs (active nests) were also differed from one year to another recording 62.16%, 79.4% and 87.03% for 2020, 2021 and 2022, respectively. The average number of eggs/active nest (clutch size) was relatively similar for the years of study ranged between 1.72 to 1.77 eggs/nests. The mean period of eggs incubation was ranged between 15-16.7 days. Hatchability % of the eggs laid was differed according to the season of the year, whereas the highest value was recorded in summer season (86.39%) while the lowest was occurred in autumn (72.67%). Fledging period was prolonged during winter and autumn and shortened during summer and spring. The highest breeding success was recorded in spring season (95%) and the lowest one was occurred in winter season (79.05%). Numbers of fledges were less than the number of hatched chicks and differed according to the season of the years recording the least numbers in Winter and the highest numbers in Spring and Autumn. The number of clutches per each monitored pairs per a year was differed from one pair to another and from one season to another for the same pair, however, it was irregular in most cases due to different consideration.

Salama, M.A., M.I. Aamir, A.A. Gh. Farag, M.A. Issa and M.A. Hendawy. 2024. Estimating the Damage of Birds to Wheat, Gurma Melon and Cowpea Crops During the Ripening Period at Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 42(4): 552-557. https://doi. The damage caused by birds to wheat crop is increasing during the ripening stage. The house sparrow, Passer domesticus niloticus is the main bird pest that attacks wheat spikes during the ripening stage (milk, dough, and mature levels) during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The 6 th week of the ripening period suffered the highest damage in all samples compared with other weeks. The samples collected from the field edge showed the highest damage, with 13.05 and 6.75% yield loss during 2020 and 2021, respectively. The samples collected at 6 m from borders didn't show any damage. The statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the tested distances in all weeks of the repining stage during 2020 and 2021 seasons. The gurma melon fruits were attacked by hooded crow, Corvus corone during the ripening stage and the mean proportion of damaged fruits reached 9.47% at the 6 th week of fruit development. The special features of the gurma melon plants made it easy for hooded crows to land and take off, thus the birds attacked the crop at any point in the field, thus there was no significant difference between the fruit damage level and distance from the field border. Cowpea was an attractive crop for many bird species such as pigeons and house sparrows. Birds did attack the cowpea pods during the ripening stage, with 6.97% damage during this stage.

El-Afify, A.H., R.M. Shreef, M.A. Hendawy and N.M. Ghanim. 2023. Seasonal Activity of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and Ceratitis capitata in a Navel Orange Orchard in Dakahlia, Egypt. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 41(2): 98-104. https://doi.org/10.22268/AJPP-041.2.098104 The peach fruit fly (PFF), Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) and the Mediterranean fruit fly (MFF), Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae) are of the most major pests infesting citrus orchards in Egypt as well as several countries of the world. The present study was carried out to study the seasonal activity of PFF and MFF in navel orange orchards located in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt during two successive fruiting seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 by using sex attractants and fruit samples. The results obtained showed that, by using sex attractants, PFF males had two peaks each season, whereas MFF showed one to two peaks. By monitoring fruit samples, PFF exhibited one to two peaks of activity seasonally in the non-fallen and fallen fruits; whereas MFF exhibited two to three peaks on the non-fallen and fallen fruits. Both PFF and MFF were more abundant in the fallen fruits than in the non-fallen fruits. The relationships between flies trapped per day (FTD) of PFF and MFF males in Jackson traps and infestation rate of these pests showed that these traps can be used to predict infestation rates of PFF and MFF in their host fruits. Keywords: Bactrocera zonata, Ceratitis capitata, navel orange, Jackson traps, sex attractants

The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) is the most important predators which has significant potential for commercialization and use against many crop pests. The present work aimed to study the toxicity of some insecitides against C. carnea larvae under laboratory conditions. The obtained results showed that after 24 h of exposure, the LC 50 values for abamectin, KZ oil, divor, acetamipride, albolum, super misrona and lambda were 150, 200, 280, 700, 100, 80 and 0.1 mg/L, respectively; while, the corresponding LC 90 were 284, 431, 586, 1344, 233, 169 and 1 mg/L, respectively. After 48 h, the highest value of LC 50 (550 mg/L) was recorded when used acetamipride followed by divor (205), KZ oil (150), abamectin (110), albolum (81), super misrona (45) and lambda (0.03); while, the LC 90 values ranged between 0.18 (in the case of lambda) and 1055 (in the case of acetamipride). With respect to the LC 50 value after 72 h of exposure, it reached 0.03 mg/L for lambda cyhalothrin, 40 mg/L for super misrona, 70 mg/L for albolum, 90 mg/L for abamectin, 130 mg/L for KZ oil, 180 mg/L for divor and 480 mg/L for acetamipride; while, the LC 90 values ranged between 0.18 and 714 mg/L. According to the slope values, the present findings referred to low homogeneity of the tested strain of the 2 nd instar larvae of C. carnea. [Ahmed H. El-Afify, R.M. Shreef, N.M. Ghanim and M.A. Hendawy. Toxicity of some insecticides against the green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) under laboratory conditions. Life Sci J 2018;15(9):35-41].

Nursery and young plantations as well as new flushes of citrus orchards in Egypt and worldwide are seriously affected by the citrus leafminer (CLM), Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). To obtain a successful integrated CLM management, ecological studies are of great important. So, the present work aimed to study the activity of CLM during autumn season on navel orange trees and determine the effects of certain weather factors on its population. The obtained results showed that the seasonal activity of CLM during autumn season exhibited four and three peaks of abundance during of 2016 and 2017. The general means of CLM larvae all over autumn season of 2016 and 2017 were 9.6 and 7.5 larvae per 25 leaves. On another hand, the mean of infestation percentages during the first season (47.6%) was higher than that during the second one (38.0%); while, the mean of CLM mortality percentages during 2016 (34.6%) was lower than 2017 (54.6%). There was an extrusive relationship between CLM larval population and its infestation percentages in navel orange leaves. The changes in CLM population were significantly positive correlated with temperature degrees and insignificantly negative correlated with relative humidities. Maximum temperature degrees was the highest effective factor on CLM population in comparison with the other tested factors.