Lyudmila Kopteva’s research while affiliated with Saint Petersburg State University of Aerospace and Instrumentation and other places

The article considers significant changes taking place in the global agro-industrial complex, which is influenced by the main factors: information technology, new materials, nanotechnology, biotechnology and transport systems. The authors showed the global problems of today, which in the future may become a threat to food security and cause a shortage of resources to meet the growing food needs of the population in the world. Providing food on a global scale, at a new stage of development, takes into account the technological development of the agro-industrial complex, through the use of an innovative eco-production chain, traced from the production of products on farms, the production of agricultural products, packaging, storage, preparation and disposal of waste and residues food. Thus, the agro-industrial complex, at present, is at the stage of innovative technological transformation, the development of "AgroTech 4.0". The transformation of the agro-industrial complex in the transition period to a new way can be traced through the activation of investment processes in technological projects (startups), where the main directions for investment attractiveness in the relevant technological projects are determined. The agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation, of course, needs a technological transformation, however, like any such large-scale transformation, it first of all needs no less large-scale investments. Investments are not only a determining factor in ensuring economic growth, but also in neutralizing key threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation.

Global trends in food provision indicate the consumption of meat is increasing. The world’s population will reach 9.8 billion people by 2050, this leads to the predominance and growth of livestock rates over crop production in developed countries, where livestock products account for up to 60% of the gross agricultural product, as a result, that will facilitate the environment and climate change. Developing an alternative protein becomes the only remedy, since traditional production is unable to meet the growing demand for meat as almost 70% of total agricultural land is already occupied by traditional farming. Accounted facts prove the necessity in innovative development of meat industry in BRICS countries. The analysis of meat consumption in BRICS countries in 1995-2020 was carried out. It is determined over the past twenty-five years, the average per capita consumption of meat has increased by 1.8 times, while 25% of the world’s population lives in the studied countries. The negative impact of livestock breeding on the environment was revealed, explained by the high consumption of water and land resources as well as methane emissions into the atmosphere. BRICS meat industry innovative development based on alternative protein is argued and proven.

Nowadays, information and communication technologies (ICT) are a significant part of the modern economy, especially in countries in the process of political and economic transition. However, socioeconomic development is not possible without digital innovation. Novel ICT-solutions support different countries to improve their business competitiveness as well as social and political development. The special challenge in the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) is to help the poor and socially excluded people and marginalized communities. The objectives of this monograph is to focus on how digital innovation opportunities like cyber-physical systems, blockchain or data analytics can lead to socioeconomic development, including economic growth, human capital development, well-being of society, and fostering social development. Authors of this book were interested in ICT4D effects in the fields of healthcare, marketing, customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, business intelligence, human resource management, alternative trading systems, or innovative management systems, among many others. Transdisciplinary innovative solutions, bridging the digital divide and providing equitable and sustainable access to technologies as a factor of socioeconomic development were especially described.

Corrupt activities in the Russian Federation have reached the point where national security is under threat. Corruption creates obstacles to the economic growth of the state, slows down various transformations not only in the economic, but also in the social sphere of society, worsens the standard of living in the Russian Federation, undermines public confidence in public authorities, and reduces authority in the eyes of other countries. Theoretically, broad corrupt activities are able to destroy the norms, constitutional foundations that have developed in society and neutralize the operation of any legal system. One should not lose sight of the fact that corruption activity, due to its illegal origin, intersects with other variants of socially destructive phenomena, such as sanctioned crime, shadow economy and terrorist attacks. As a result, it can be said that corruption is a combination of various factors, a continuously growing system that threatens the state and financial security of the country, and is not an independent unit, which is an exceptional precedent of bribery of a certain person among civil servants.

In the article the innovative development of the Russian Federation pharmaceutical industry is considered in the context of global trends and world pharmaceutical market development priority areas. The countries’ patent activity in the sphere of medical technologies and pharmaceuticals is considered. The main technological and conceptual trends in the development of the Russian pharmaceutical market have been identified. The results obtained are aimed at the Russian pharmaceutical market innovative development in the context of global instability. The practical significance of the study lies in the fact that on its basis it is possible to develop tools aimed at increasing the level of innovation in the Russian pharmaceutical industry.

Macroeconomic dynamics is in the focus of attention of the scientific community due to the fact that it characterizes the key trends in the development of the national economy. The basic indicator in the system of national accounts is the gross domestic product (GDP), which in general form is the aggregate value of all goods and services produced within the national economy. GDP is widely used in the analysis of economic growth trends. Economic growth, creating conditions for it – the most important goal of economic development, both within the framework of ensuring the economic security of the entire national economy and at the level of an individual enterprise. Nowadays, economic development is characterized by an accelerated rate of scientific and technological progress: new technologies and approaches are being created that have higher efficiency. From a microeconomic point of view, the main factors of production are labor, capital and information. Fixed capital investments (buildings, structures, machinery and equipment) are a key instrument for renewing fixed assets. Investment activity is the process of renewing the capital of an enterprise as a result of modernizing its technical and technological base, which ensures its economic security. Investments, along with government spending, are key drivers of economic growth. As a result, we can confidently assert the high importance of investment activities, both throughout the country and at the level of individual economic entities, as well as their economic independence. The paper shows the ways to intensify economic growth and intensify investment activities in order to ensure the economic security of the Russian Federation.

Personnel training lasts a lifetime. This is what the existing system of persistent professional education is aimed at. This system implies the possibility of continuing the education at any moment of life from the level at which a person stopped previously. In the article, the concept of continuous professional training in the context of its methodology is considered and the key features of human and education resources are discovered. The particular attention is paid to the issue of obsolescence of the staff education resource and the rationale for its diagnostics conducted through the audit of intellectual capital. The necessity of development of the educational resource for the staff of a modern company and the consequent increase of its competitiveness is presented.

Nowadays, information and communication technologies (ICT) are a significant part of the modern economy, especially in countries in the process of political and economic transition. However, socioeconomic development is not possible without digital innovation. Novel ICT-solutions support different countries to improve their business competitiveness as well as social and political development. The special challenge in the field of information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) is to help the poor and socially excluded people and marginalized communities. The objectives of this monograph is to focus on how digital innovation opportunities like cyber-physical systems, blockchain or data analytics can lead to socioeconomic development, including economic growth, human capital development, well-being of society, and fostering social development. Authors of this book were interested in ICT4D effects in the fields of healthcare, marketing, customer relationship management, enterprise resource planning, business intelligence, human resource management, alternative trading systems, or innovative management systems, among many others. Transdisciplinary innovative solutions, bridging the digital divide and providing equitable and sustainable access to technologies as a factor of socioeconomic development were especially described.

In the article the need for state regulation of import substitution in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is founded upon the basis of food self-sufficiency call under conditions of sanctions. It is determined that when forming the mechanism of import substitution, an integrated approach is necessary, taking into account the peculiarities of the state development and the use of all types of potential. The existing trends in the functioning of the Russian Federation agricultural sector are noted. The main problem of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is revealed to be the lack of state support and funding, as well as the drawbacks of state regulation. It was revealed that, despite the identified positive tendencies in the development of the agro-industrial complex, with the purpose of stabilization it is necessary to upgrade the technical and technological spheres on the basis of an innovative approach to scientific and technological developments in all sectors of the agroindustrial complex. It was also pointed out to the fact in the sphere of food supply, an effective import substitution policy is possible provided that conditions for the development of Russian production of competitive food products are created. It is advisable to form import substitution on the basis of a closed production cycle within the state, in which producers are involved in supply and delivery chains directly to trading enterprises, and that requires improvements of the interaction system of all market actors. At the same time, producers are supposed to be able to significantly increase income, and consumers are supposed to have favorable food prices. A model of import substitution state regulation mechanism in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation on the basis of selfsufficiency need in food is proposed, which is a set of stages for the implementation of a certain sequence of actions where each of the twelve stages is specified. In the process of implementation of the proposed model significant advantages can be achieved in the economic, technical and organizational spheres of the agriculturalsector.

Analysis of the African countries food security demonstrate significant aggravation of the situation in several countries to the south of the Sahara. Conflicts, social inequality, high level of poverty against the background of a rapid population growth, unfavorable climatic conditions as well as ineffective government policy in the field of providing the population with foodstuff were determined as the main causes of population undernourishment. In Africa, due to low incomes of the population, most of the food ration consists of cereals and a small part of meat, fish and dairy products. It was revealed that African countries are the net importers of foodstuff, with cereals accounting for the largest part of imports. It was noted that international experts forecast foodstuff and fodder demand increase in these countries. It was defined the African region can potentially become one of the promising sales markets for Russian producers of grain crops and agricultural products. The results of the study are aimed at overcoming the problem of starvation, economic backwardness and improving the living standards of the African continent population, as well as developing an economic toolkit for the interaction of the Russian Federation with African countries.