Ludi Fan's research while affiliated with Eli Lilly and Company and other places

... Since 2012, there have been important advances in the number of pharmacologic agents for treating diabetes in the outpatient setting, as well as advances in available technologies for monitoring therapy (14)(15)(16). Several important studies have been published in the past decade that address issues for which there was little data to support recommendations provided in the earlier guideline. ...

... Regular human insulin U500 is the only highly concentrated insulin that is currently available. A clinically meaningful decrease in HbA 1c has been demonstrated in retrospective analysis of realworld data (23)(24)(25)(26). This was attributed to the easier titration to the needed dose without the need for dose splitting, which in turn improved treatment adherence. ...

... Research evidence on coping efforts can broadly be categorised into positive/productive and negative/nonproductive efforts. Depending on the stressor, productive coping mechanisms usually include psychological optimism, planning, and social support [15,16]. Negative coping approaches include persistent non-productive habit formation, spirituality, use of herbal medicine, logistic constraints, behavioural disengagement, and poorer adherence to diabetes regimen [6,7,17]. ...

... Although this compromised lung function has been reported, there is still not enough data to substantiate the claims. In a clinical trial, cases of developing lung cancer (squamous lung cancer) in both smokers and non-smokers have been reported [83]. These observations could be attributed to the growth factor properties of insulin. ...

... Glucagon is an effective treatment for severe hypoglycemic events [4], but studies show that glucagon usage remains low [10,11]. Low usage may be in part because of the perceived difficulty in administering traditional injectable glucagon-which was the only approved treatment until 2019 [12][13][14][15][16][17]. While designated caregivers themselves may know how and be confident enough to use an emergency injectable glucagon kit (e-kit), other people PWD may rely on, such as grandparents or friends, may not. ...

... Among diabetes-related anxieties, fear of hypoglycemia (FoH) is defined as an 'extreme worry or anxiety about low blood glucose and its consequences' is prevalent in people with diabetes [3]. It has a significant impact on individuals' quality of life, psychological state, and management of disease [4][5][6][7]. The American Diabetes Association's (ADA) position statement on psychosocial care emphasizes the need for screening for FoH using standardized and validated tools [1]. ...

... The superior insulin exposure and action of AT278 U500 within the first 30 and 60 min postdose suggest that AT278 U500 will enable dosing at meal or even after meal without compromising postprandial glucose control and will thus provide more flexibility with meals and daily schedule for people with high insulin needs. Although none of the concentrated insulins are approved for insulin pump therapy yet, several studies have reported the safe, effective, and more convenient use of concentrated insulins in insulin pumps (30)(31)(32). As more highly concentrated insulins become available, it is anticipated that smaller pumps will follow, which could further relieve the daily burden of managing diabetes. ...

... Provider override and advance provision for exceptional requirements should remain options under any set of algorithm rules. 16 In this report of a noncomputerized system, exploratory findings in our population suggest that an excess of hypoglycemia may be associated with use of peak insulin infusion rate ‡12.2 units/h. ...

... Two validated questionnaires, Diabetes Empowerment Scale Short Form (DES-SF), which is a measure of diabetes-related psychosocial self-efficacy, and Motivations and Attitudes Toward Changing Health (MATCH), can provide insight into an individual's self-reported empowerment and motivation [28,29]. The DES-SF has been used in cross-sectional surveys and clinical studies to measure the impact of interventions on diabetes empowerment [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. While DES-SF is specific to diabetes, MATCH is designed to assess general attitudes towards changing health behaviors, regardless of clinical condition [28,29]. ...

... These instruments are validated for use in people with diabetes and have been used in the research setting for decades. 8 However, they are not routinely used by healthcare providers (HCPs) for screening in clinical practice. 8 9 A recent systematic review reported that existing FoH instruments lack clear cut-off values informing clinical action. ...