Luana Silveira da Rocha Nowicki Varela’s scientific contributions

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Publications (3)


Reported accidents involving Loxosceles spiders in Brazil (2007–2022) and locations of spider specimen collections. (A) Map of Brazil depicting the occurrence of Loxosceles-related accidents by state in 2022, along with the regions where the species used in this study were collected. (B) The number of reported accidents caused by Loxosceles spiders from 2007 to 2023, categorized by region within Brazil. (C) The change in the incidence rate of Loxosceles accidents over a decade (2013–2023) per region, with the national average represented by a dotted line. Color intensity reflects incidence rates as detailed in the legend. The map was created using QGIS 3.32.3 software. Incident data was retrieved from the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação—SINAN. * Data is subject to revision by SINAN for the period 2020–2023. Data from the Southeast region does not include Espirito Santo state, which stopped providing data to SINAN since 2020.
The crude venom of Loxosceles amazonica and Loxosceles similis induce platelet aggregation. Washed platelets were incubated with 100 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL of Loxosceles crude venoms. Aggregation was monitored by measuring light transmittance for 10 min by an aggregometer. The percentage of aggregation was automatically calculated by comparing the initial optical density with the optical density after the addition of the aggregating agent, using the HemoRam 1.1 software. The mean ± standard deviation is shown. The results are representative of two or three experiments with different individual donors (points of graph). (A) Platelet aggregation with Loxosceles amazonica; (B) Loxosceles aff. Variegata, and (C) Loxosceles similis. Collagen or convulxin were used as platelet-aggregation agonists (C+). Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA (Kruskal–Wallis test) with Dunn post-test for multiple comparison. (*) = p ≤ 0.05.
The crude venom of Loxosceles aff. variegata inhibits platelet aggregation induced by collagen and convulxin. Washed human platelets were pre-incubated with different concentrations of Loxosceles aff. variegata venom (100 and 200 μg/mL) under agitation at 600 rpm at 37 °C. After 3 min, platelet aggregation was induced by 10 μg/mL collagen or 0.3 mg/mL convulxin and monitored by aggregometer by measuring light transmittance for 7 min. The mean ± standard deviation is shown. The results are representative of three experiments with different individual donors (points of graph). (A) The crude L. amazonica venom does not have the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by agonist collagen. (B) Platelet aggregation assay to assess the ability of crude Loxosceles aff. variegata venom to inhibit collagen-induced and convulxin-induced aggregation. (C) The crude L. similis venom does not have the ability to inhibit platelet aggregation induced by agonist Convulxin. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test for multiple comparison. (*) = p ≤ 0.05 and (**) = p ≤ 0.01.
In vitro hemolytic assay of Loxosceles venoms. Human erythrocytes were exposed to various concentrations (7.8; 15.6; 31.25; and 62.5 μg/mL) of different Loxosceles spider venoms for 20 h at 37.0 °C and were evaluated for hemolysis. As a negative control, the erythrocytes were incubated only in Ringer’s Lactate. The positive control was incubated with a 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 solution. (A) The tubes containing the Ringer’s Lactate solution, the venoms, and the controls after incubation and centrifugation. (B) Percentage of hemolysis considering Triton X-100 (positive control) as 100%. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA with Tukey post-test for multiple comparison. (*) = p ≤ 0.05, (**) = p ≤ 0.01 and (****) = p ≤ 0.0001.
Influence of the Rh system on the direct hemolytic activity of Loxosceles venoms. The blood types were incubated with 31.25 μg/mL of different Loxosceles venoms for 20 h. LaV—Loxosceles amazonica venom. LgV—Loxosceles gaucho venom. LvV—Loxosceles aff. variegata venom. LsV—Loxosceles similis venom. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA, with post-test of Bonferroni. (*) = p < 0.05.

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Venom from Loxosceles Spiders Collected in Southeastern and Northeastern Brazilian Regions Cause Hemotoxic Effects on Human Blood Components
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2024

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45 Reads

Rafaela Silva-Magalhães

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Ayla Mel Gomes dos Santos

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Ana Luiza Silva-Araújo

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[...]

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Spiders of the genus Loxosceles represent a public health problem in Brazil due to the severity of the cutaneous and systemic effects that may result from their bite. In the systemic form of loxoscelism, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and disseminated intravascular coagulation can occur. Despite the seriousness of Loxosceles accidents, the venom of some species has not yet been properly characterized considering these hemotoxic effects, such as that of Loxosceles amazonica, Loxosceles aff. Variegata, and Loxosceles similis. To better understand their toxic potential, this study aimed to characterize the hematotoxic properties of these Loxosceles venoms. The crude venom was obtained from specimens of L. amazonica, L. aff. Variegata, and L. similis available from Funed’s arachnidary. In washed platelets, L. aff. variegata inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen and convulxin, whereas L. amazonica and L. similis venoms were able to induce platelet aggregation. In the in vitro hemolysis assays, all venoms experimentally induced direct hemolysis of human erythrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, with different intensities. Furthermore, evidence suggest that the ABO and Rh systems may influence hemolytic activity. Finally, the studied Loxosceles venoms degraded fibrinogen, suggesting possible alterations in the coagulation cascade. Based in the here-presented preliminary study, in vivo assays in model animals are needed to verify the real toxic potential of these species’ venom, building up knowledge to elucidate the action of Loxosceles venoms in blood.

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Figura 1 -Estruturas inoculadoras de veneno de animais peçonhentos. Aguilhão do escorpião-amarelo (A), quelíceras da aranha-armadeira (B) e presas da jararaca (C).
Fascículo Aracnídeos

October 2023

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3,382 Reads

Aranhas são animais que fascinam e podem causar pânico em muitas pessoas. Há uma grande diversidade de espécies, com cores e formatos distintos, e as variadas estratégias que utilizam para capturar suas presas são, também, fascinantes. No mundo, há mais de 51 mil espécies de aranhas, sendo encontradas em quase todo o planeta, com exceção da Antártida e do Ártico. Habitam ambientes aquáticos e a maioria dos ecossistemas terrestres, onde estão entre os principais predadores, tendo um importante papel ecológico no controle de suas principais presas: os insetos. Dentre todas as espécies do mundo descritas, apenas cerca de 60 são consideradas perigosas, por poderem provocar graves envenenamentos em seres humanos. No Brasil, são notificados todos os anos, aproximadamente 30 mil acidentes por picadas de aranhas. Os escorpiões também são seres fascinantes que causam medo em muitas pessoas. Eles existem há centenas de milhões de anos, correspondendo a um grupo menos diverso que o das aranhas, com quase 3 mil espécies descritas no mundo. Dessas, cerca de 50 possuem veneno forte o suficiente para matar uma pessoa. No Brasil, são notificados todos os anos aproximadamente 150 mil acidentes por picadas de escorpiões. Da mesma forma que as aranhas, os escorpiões habitam quase todos os ecossistemas terrestres, com exceção de regiões extremamente frias. Normalmente se alimentam de insetos, mas sua dieta pode ser extremamente variável, o que pode explicar sua sobrevivência em locais inóspitos. Quando as presas são escassas, os escorpiões possuem a incrível capacidade de diminuir seu metabolismo, passando meses sem alimento. Este livro apresenta ao leitor as características exclusivas das aranhas e dos escorpiões, além de informações sobre morfologia externa e história natural, como alimentação, biologia reprodutiva e comportamentos de defesa. São apresentados, para cada espécie ou gênero de importância médica do Brasil, distribuição geográfica, habitats, hábitos de vida e sintomas em caso de envenenamento. Tudo isso em linguagem simples e com belas fotografias!

Citations (1)


... The contribution of other Loxosceles species occurring in Brazil to human accidents remains unknown, as case reports almost never identify the causative agent. Furthermore, there is limited data on the venoms of these other species, but available evidence suggests that these less-studied venoms exhibit relevant toxicity (Silva-Magalhães et al., 2024). Most confirmed cases with the identified species are in the South and Southeast regions, reflecting the proximity of institutions that house taxonomists and health-qualified teams. ...

Reference:

Natural history of Loxosceles chapadensis Bertani, Fukushima & Nagahama, 2010 (Araneae, Sicariidae)
Loxosceles amazonica Brown Spider Venom: Insights into Enzymatic Activities, Immunorecognition, and Novel Phospholipase D Isoforms
  • Citing Article
  • June 2024

Biochimie