This page lists works of an author who doesn't have a ResearchGate profile or hasn't added the works to their profile yet. It is automatically generated from public (personal) data to further our legitimate goal of comprehensive and accurate scientific recordkeeping. If you are this author and want this page removed, please let us know.
January 2008
·
21 Reads
A computerized neuropsychiatric diagnostic and psychodynamic psychotherapeutic process is described built on a content analysis methodology that has been previously tested and used in many different settings and a variety of circumstances. The potential usefulness of this technological development requires further clinical trials and validation.
January 2008
·
29 Reads
January 2008
·
107 Reads
Our computerized content analysis [Gottschalk & Bechtel 2000] was applied to selected parts of the text of the New American Bible. Specifically, brief portions of Genesis, Psalms, and Revelations were content analyzed. The findings are described in terms of how many standard deviations from normative scores, derived from a large sample of verbal samples from mentally and physically healthy adults, occurred on our content analysis of these biblical texts. After observing these initial findings, our computerized content analysis methodology was applied to eight other English versions of the Bible. Our perspectives of the significances of our overall findings are offered and discussed.
January 2008
·
19 Reads
This chapter describes and reviews ongoing research involving the development of a methodology focusing on the content analysis of speech and verbal texts with the aim of objectifying the assessment of mental processes, such as, emotions, cognitions, perceptions, and their semantic communication. As the first research psychiatrist at the National Institute of Mental Health, (1951 to 1953), the author decided that research in mental health and mental illness was hindered if a method of objectively measuring these constructs were not available. The author credits different colleagues who collaborated with him over many years to help make the measurement of the magnitude of these mental events feasible and realistic. An early collaborator, when he was Research Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Cincinnati, was Goldine C. Gleser, Ph.D., who co-authored their book The Measurement of Psychological States Through the Content Analysis of Verbal Behavior, University of California Press, 1969. With the support of research grants from the National Institutes of Health and other research granting agencies and sources, the author collaborated with many other creative scientists during his tenure at the University of Cincinnati (1953-1967). Following his move to the University of California at Irvine (1967-present) to be the Founding Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Professor Gottschalk worked with many other neuroscientists. Serious efforts to incorporate computer technology to facilitate content analysis of language began in the late 1970's. Computerization of content analysis began to flourish with the collaboration of Robert J. Bechtel, Ph.D. in the 1980's, and this partnership is continuing to facilitate and drive a computerized content analysis procedure and measurement tool. Details regarding the step-wise collaborative accomplishments are provided.
January 2008
·
6 Reads
The semantic message conveyed by a particular speech fragment may be uncertain because the word or phrase used by the speaker may have several meanings or no meaning. In such cases, the meaning, if any, is understandable when the verbal expression is a slang term or idiom, there is more than one grammatical clause spoken, the part of speech is considered, a hand or leg or body gesture or facial expression clarifies the message being communicated or the tone of the speaker's voice helps signify what is meant, for example, with sarcasm. The stronger conventions of written language, coupled with the likelihood of self-editing that is less possible during speech production, can help to reduce ambiguity in written material, though uncertainty is rarely eliminated altogether. This chapter examines the impact on scoring of the potential ambiguity of the expression "you know" in spoken samples.
January 2008
·
5 Reads
January 2008
·
14 Reads
A contribution to forensic neuropsychiatry is presented by the horrendous mass killings that occurred at Virginia Tech University when a senior English major student went on a shooting rampage. Could computer analysis of the student's two plays and the short verbal statements released by NBC from a package sent to them during the incident have forewarned the likelihood of his violent behavior?
April 2006
·
53 Reads
·
4 Citations
Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research
Commonly used neuropsychological tests were administered to 91 detoxified alcoholics at the beginning of treatment. Statistically significant relationships were observed between test scores and post treatment consumption determined 8 months after completing treatment for 72 patients. The results varied depending upon the particular measure of posttreatment consumption evaluated and the type of statistical analysis used. The most consistent relationships were often counter to the notion that increased neuropsychological performance is correlated with a more favorable treatment outcome. Neuropsychological evaluation is of limited clinical utility in predicting posttreatment alcohol consumption.
April 2005
·
36 Reads
·
4 Citations
The Journal of nervous and mental disease
Three brief excerpts from the autobiographical writings of Mohandas K. Gandhi were analyzed for neuropsychobiological content using the PCAD 2000 computer program. The computer software produces scores on 13 scales such as anxiety, hostility, cognitive impairment, and depression; compares the assigned scores with norms derived from 5-minute speech samples taken from normal, medically and psychiatrically healthy adults and children; and suggests DSM-IV diagnostic categories for consideration. The results demonstrate an objective, repeatable method for achieving insight into the mental states and traits of historic figures based on their writings.
February 2005
·
32 Reads
·
13 Citations
Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine
The Psychiatric Content Analysis and Diagnosis (PCAD) program performs automated content analysis of machine-readable transcriptions of speech samples to measure the magnitude of neuropsychiatric states and traits. Technological advances provided by computerized speech recognition may offer a possible alternative to labor-intensive manual transcription for preparation of samples for PCAD processing. To test this hypothesis, 25 digitally recorded verbal samples were transcribed both manually and by a commercially available speech recognition software package, and the transcriptions scored by PCAD. The inter-correlations between scores derived from the two different methods of transcriptions offer mixed results, with values ranging from a high of 0.920 to a low of -0.119.
... 7,20 Heterogeneity in the dopaminergic response to different doses of alcohol has also been reported, 21 possibly due to the presence of different dopaminergic receptor alleles. 22 Variants in the GABA(A) α2 gene (GABRA2) have been shown to be associated with individual differences in the response to alcohol, [23][24][25] as well as impacting the expression level of these receptors. 26 A previous relationship has been reported between FDG uptake and reported (from autopsy) density of benzodiazepine receptors (α1, α2, α3, or α5-containing GABA(A) receptors), 27 yet the cause(s) of decreased conductivity remain to be determined. ...
April 1997
American Journal of Medical Genetics
... To assess family climate, their study employed the concept of "Expressed Emotion" (EE), which refers to "critical or overinvolved communication styles within the family". These communication styles are called "high EE" and have been shown to be "a reliable predictor of poor outcomes in adults and children with a variety of psychiatric disorders", as well as "a good predictor of relapse and prognosis in patients with those psychiatric diagnoses" (Gottschalk and Keatinge 1993;Hooley 2007; see Lee et al. 2019Lee et al. , 2052. High EE has even been related to youths' biological vulnerabilities to diseases (Peris and Miklowitz 2015; see Lee at al. 2019Lee at al. , 2052. ...
Reference:
Freedom in a Tourettic World
November 1993
Journal of Clinical Psychology
... Методы исследований, решаю щих данные задачи, подразумевали в основном лексико-семантический, грамматический и фонетический анализ высказываний. Особенно широкое 1 распространение с целью формализации речевого поведения получил метод контент-анализа, предложенный L.A. Gottschalk et al., позволяющий объективно, систематически и количественно описать явное содержание коммуникации [13]. Авторами разработаны специальные шкалы для измерения выраженности в речи таких состояний, как тревога, депрессия, агрессия, шкалы социального отчуждения, надежды и пр. ...
January 1986
... Psikotik teşhisi konmuş, nevrotik teşhisi konmuş ve herhangi bir psikopatolojik teşhis konmamış sağlıklı gruplar arasında yapılan bir çalışmada ise savunma mekanizmalarının kullanımı açısından farkın olgun olmayan savunma mekanizmaları türünden olduğu bulunmuştur (Güleç, 1993). Bir diğer karşılaştırma çalışmasında ise normal bireyler, nevrotikler, duygusal bozukluk yaşayan suçlular ve şizofreni teşhisi konmuş hastalar savunma mekanizmaları açısından karşılaştırılmış ve gruplar arasında anlamlı farklar bulunmuştur (Gottschalk, Fronczek ve Abel, 1993). Mizaç türleri, savunma mekanizmaları ve somatik semptomların ilişkisinin incelendiği bir çalışmada ise değişkenler arasında anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuş ve depresyondan bağımsız olarak somatik semptomlar ile savunma mekanizmaları türleri arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir (Hyphantis ve ark., 2013). ...
January 1993
Psychoanalytic Psychology
... A 1986 study conducted by Gottschalk [129] shows that there is a relationship between the emotional and cognitive dimensions as observed from the way individuals talk and write. Moreover, empirical evidence over the last four decades shows that a person's choice of words and their utterances are linked to their physical and mental health [129]. ...
January 1986
... Despite to the international popularity of the anxiety and hostility scales of Gottschalk and Gleser, surprisingly few concurrent validation studies using self-report scales have been conducted. In the United States and Germany the concurrent validation efforts yielded mixed results (Bruhn, Stemmler, & Koch, 1986;Gottschalk, Hoigaard, Birch, & Rickels, 1976;Schöfer, Koch, & Balck, 1979). These somewhat disappointing results were attributed mainly to the alleged property of the Gottschalk-Gleser scales of measuring both conscious and unconscious forms of anxiety and anger and to the insufficient equivalence of the concurrently applied instruments. ...
January 1979
... Therefore, our data indicated that mt-HK is a target of the effect of dopamine via the D 1 R signalling pathway. In contrast, although HK activity was not evaluated in other studies, D 2 R signalling, but not D 1 R signalling, was shown to modulate glucose metabolism in the brain (56,57). In fact, a study suggested that both D 1 R and D 2 R may regulate extracellular lactate and glucose concentrations in the brain; however, the study used apomorphine, a mixed D 1 R/D 2 R activator, which does not discriminate between receptors responsible for the effect (58). ...
April 1997
American Journal of Medical Genetics
... While the utility of these scales has been demonstrated repeatedly through decades of research [3,4], widespread, everyday use of content analysis of verbal behavior for research and clinical practice was hampered by the relatively high training and performance requirements associated with the manual application of the technique. While useful in a psychiatry or psychology research setting, for example in exploring the writings of the Unabomber for evidence of psychopathology [6], or in predicting the outcome of psychiatric commitment hearings [7], the existing software is strongly oriented to the analysis of samples that are larger than many conversational utterances. The focus is usually on overall scale scores, aggregated over all the clauses in a sample, because at that level the established norms can be used for comparison purposes. ...
January 1999
The American journal of forensic psychiatry
... Analysis of connected speech in dementia is well-documented (Bayles et al., 2004;Kavé & Goral, 2016;Mendez & Ashla-Mendez, 1991;Smith et al., 1989), and previous studies have analyzed connected speech for semantic informational content (Bayles et al., 1989), vocabulary richness (Hernández-Domínguez et al., 2018), acoustics (Al-Hameed et al., 2016), idea density (Ahmed et al., 2013), and part of speech usage (e.g., noun counts, pronoun counts, percentage of verbs; Mueller, Koscik, Clark, et al., 2018), among other metrics. Early work in connected speech analysis was applied to past presidential addresses and showed that Ronald Reagan suffered significant linguistic and cognitive decline even before his official AD diagnosis (Gottschalk et al., 1988). In addition to common impairments in associative memory, confrontational naming, and semantic processing noted in those with AD, analysis of spontaneous discourse may capture specific cognitive and linguistic impairments related to speech production that are undetected by standard cognitive measures. ...
March 1988
Public Administration Review
... Recent research has underlined the importance of detecting psychological states such as emotion from language for a variety of tasks such as computer aided learning, psychotherapy and document classification. A number of researchers have examined the problem of detecting emotion from text, looking for example at discerning " favorable " from " unfavorable " reviews (Beineke et al. 2004; Pang and Lee 2004) or measuring neuropsychiatric states such as anxiety, hostility or depression (Bechtel and Gottshalk 2004). Other researchers have examined the importance of prosody in determining emotions from speech (Litman and Forbes-Riley 2004). ...
January 2004
