Liz Campbell’s research while affiliated with Monash University (Australia) and other places

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Publications (6)


European White-Collar Crime: Exploring the Nature of European Realities
  • Article

July 2021

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39 Reads

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3 Citations

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Éva Inzelt

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Fiona Haines

From corporate corruption and the facilitation of money laundering, to food fraud and labour exploitation, European citizens continue to be confronted by serious corporate and white-collar crimes. Presenting an original series of provocative essays, this book offers a European framing of white-collar crime. Experts from different countries foreground what is unique, innovative, or different about white-collar and corporate crimes that are so strongly connected to Europe, including the tensions that exist within and between the nation-states of Europe, and within the institutions of the European region. This European voice provides an original contribution to discourses surrounding a form of crime which is underrepresented in current criminological literature.


Following the Money: Illicit Financial Flows and Sustainable Development Goal 16.4

November 2020

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61 Reads

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1 Citation

Sustainable development and the enhancement of justice and security globally are predicated on the existence of sufficient and appropriately deployed assets. Mindful of this, and of the misuse of both public and private wealth, UN Sustainable Development Goal 16.4 (SDG 16.4) seeks to "...significantly reduce illicit financial … flows." This chapter critiques how this aim of SDG 16.4 has been operationalised. We argue that the choice and placement of the term "illicit" is crucial: it can relate to the finances, the flows, or both, as well as to the people involved, as facilitators or protagonists, and is expansive enough to encompass criminal, unlawful, and ostensibly legal but illegitimate or harmful assets, acts, and actors. Moreover, this chapter explores why the movement of assets is significant, within and between jurisdictions, and how these transfers and transactions impact on sustainable development and can worsen inequalities. Our attention is on the conceptualisation, measurement and operationalisation of IFFs in particular and the corresponding implications for available policy responses in the form of situational interventions as a more plausible route to understanding and reducing IFFs in the context of promoting SDG16.4.


Other People's Dirty Money: Professional Intermediaries, Market Dynamics and the Finances of White-Collar, Corporate and Organised Crimes
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2018

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320 Reads

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37 Citations

British Journal of Criminology

This article analyses the market dynamics of the misuse of 'corporate vehicles' in the management of finances generated from, and for, organised, white-collar and corporate crimes. The term 'corporate vehicles' is a policy construct used to refer to legitimate, legal structures, like trusts and companies that facilitate a range of commercial activities. Such vehicles also provide opportunities for those involved in serious crimes for gain to control, convert and conceal their illicit finances, usually with the assistance of professional intermediaries, like lawyers or financial advisors. This article empirically investigates key market features (actors/providers, commodities/products, services) and conditions (supply, demand, regulation, competition), with particular focus on professional intermediaries and how they facilitate the control of other peoples' dirty money.

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Organising the Monies of Corporate Financial Crimes via Organisational Structures: Ostensible Legitimacy, Effective Anonymity, and Third-Party Facilitation

May 2018

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219 Reads

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43 Citations

Administrative Sciences

This article analyses how the monies generated for, and from, corporate financial crimes are controlled, concealed, and converted through the use of organisational structures in the form of otherwise legitimate corporate entities and arrangements that serve as vehicles for the management of illicit finances. Unlike the illicit markets and associated ‘organised crime groups’ and ‘criminal enterprises’ that are the normal focus of money laundering studies, corporate financial crimes involve ostensibly legitimate businesses operating within licit, transnational markets. Within these scenarios, we see corporations as primary offenders, as agents, and as facilitators of the administration of illicit finances. In all cases, organisational structures provide opportunities for managing illicit finances that individuals alone cannot access, but which require some element of third-party collaboration. In this article, we draw on data generated from our Partnership for Conflict, Crime, and Security Research (PaCCS)-funded project on the misuse of corporate structures and entities to manage illicit finances to make a methodological and substantive addition to the literature in this area. We analyse two cases from our research—corporate bribery in international business and corporate tax fraud—before discussing three main findings: (1) the ostensible legitimacy created through abuse of otherwise lawful business arrangements; (2) the effective anonymity and insulation afforded through such misuse; and (3) the necessity for facilitation by third-party professionals operating within a stratified market. The analysis improves our understanding of how and why business offenders misuse what are otherwise legitimate business structures, arrangements, and practices in their criminal enterprise.


Corruption in Commercial Enterprise: Law, Theory and Practice

May 2018

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830 Reads

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8 Citations

This edited collection focuses on the phenomenon of corruption in (non-)criminal commercial enterprise, that is, in legitimate and illegitimate business. It examines the interdependencies between organised crime and corruption in the context of criminal and non-criminal enterprise in domestic and international commerce in a range of OECD countries. The collection adopts a multi-disciplinary and jurisdictionally comparative approach, involving contributions from international academics and practitioners in the fields of law, criminology, sociology and political science.


Citations (5)


... Predovšetkým ide o oblasť boja s korupciou, mobing na pracovisku, konflikt záujmov, prijímanie darov a iných výhod, požiadavky na zvyšovanie transparentnosti alebo zabezpečenie dodržiavania vysokých štandardov integrity a osobnej zodpovednosti. Mnoho štátov Európy a štáty Európskej únie nevynímajúc často zlyhývajú pri vymožiteľnosti zodpvoednosti pri napĺňaní viacerých ideálov (Markovska, Soldatenko, 2021). Uvedený demonštratívny výpočet požiadaviek, ktoré výrazne napomáhajú fungovaniu právneho rozmeru činnosti verejnej správy je dôslednejšie popísaný práve odborníkmi, ktorí sa dlhodobo venujú problematike prieniku verejnej správy a etiky. ...

Reference:

MANUÁL DOBRÉHO SPRAVOVANIA PRE BUDÚCICH EXPERTOV VEREJNÝCH INŠTITÚCIÍ PUBLIKÁCIA BOLA SP RACOVANÁ V RÁMCI RIEŠENIA PROJE KTU GGC01009 FUTURE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION (F OPA)
European White-Collar Crime: Exploring the Nature of European Realities
  • Citing Article
  • July 2021

... Heath et al., [26]). These conceptions incorporate qualitatively diverse activities, states of being, conditions and relations, such as bribery and embezzlement together with nepotism and patronage (Campbell and Lord,[10]: [1][2]. Furthermore, policy constructions of corruption often do not explicitly foreground the inherently relational or interactional aspects of varied forms of corruption; yet we know these behaviours are built upon human relations and interactions. ...

Corruption in commercial enterprise
  • Citing Chapter
  • April 2018

... Equally, Reuter and Paoli (2020) Consequently, studies on organised crime have struggled to identify consistent patterns in how criminal groups handle their illicit profits, even after satisfying their agenda. However, there is a widespread assumption that these criminal organisations frequently use legitimate businesses to launder money from their illegal activities (Teichmann, 2020;Levi & Soudijn, 2020 Lord et al., 2019). For instance, real estate has been identified as a common avenue for criminals to launder their illegal funds by purchasing properties and subsequently selling them, thereby effectively cleaning the money (Teichmann, 2020;Kramer et al., 2023). ...

Other People's Dirty Money: Professional Intermediaries, Market Dynamics and the Finances of White-Collar, Corporate and Organised Crimes

British Journal of Criminology

... Tax evasion, bribery, drug trafficking, cybercrime, human trafficking, and other financial crimes are carried out to make financial gains. The perpetrators of these crimes require a medium with which to disguise and access their illicit funds, often through financial institutions (FIs), due to the low cost and efficiency of carrying out their transactions (Lord et al. 2018;Viritha and Mariappan 2016;Pavlović and Paunović 2019;Xu et al. 2019;Albanese 2021;Takyi et al. 2022;Ofoeda et al. 2022). Unfortunately, such activities stain the integrity of these FIs, with a consequent severe impact on their financial soundness, resulting in a negative impact on investor confidence (Aluko and Bagheri 2012;Kar 2013;Klein and Weill 2018;Ho et al. 2019;Nduka and Sechap 2021). ...

Organising the Monies of Corporate Financial Crimes via Organisational Structures: Ostensible Legitimacy, Effective Anonymity, and Third-Party Facilitation

Administrative Sciences

... It serves as a negative social phenomenon that has emerged due to historical reasons and is rapidly developing. As noted by L. Campbell & N. Lord [1], corruption has a social development, as it is a certain component of the functioning of state bodies and the market mechanism, as well as the way of life of people. According to G. Hawamdeh [2], factors such as commodity-money relations, social inequality, uneven distribution of power and material wealth inevitably influence people personally or through intermediaries to use the opportunities provided for selfish interests and purposes. ...

Corruption in Commercial Enterprise: Law, Theory and Practice