Linus Olsson Collentine’s scientific contributions

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Publications (3)


When nudges aren’t enough: Norms, incentives and habit formation in public transport usage
  • Article

October 2021

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142 Reads

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52 Citations

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

Christina Gravert

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Linus Olsson Collentine

In a large-scale natural experiment with over 14,000 individuals, we investigate whether public transport usage can be influenced by social norms and by economic incentives. Despite their effectiveness in other domains, we find a tightly estimated zero for descriptive social norms on ridership. Increasing the economic incentive, by doubling the trial period, significantly increases uptake and long-term usage. This increase is sustained for months after removing the incentive. The effect is mainly driven by initial low users, which is evidence for habit formation and highlights the heterogeneous effects of the policy. While there is scope for long-term behavior change, norm nudges might not be the most promising approach.



Citations (3)


... Only the free travel card was observed to have a significant effect. A similar outcome was recently achieved by Gravert and Collentine (2020). They conducted a large-scale field experiment with over 32,500 individuals, finding that only the provision of an economic incentive succeeded in increasing bus usage, while a soft measure in the form of a social norm message resulted ineffective. ...

Reference:

Does the joint implementation of hard and soft transportation policies lead to travel behavior change? An experimental analysis
When Nudges Aren't Enough: Incentives and Habit Formation in Public Transport Usage
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

SSRN Electronic Journal

... There is now a large experimental literature that examines whether people behave in a more environmentally friendly way when they are informed about the behavior of other people. These studies measure the behavioral adjustments brought about by providing information about other people's energy conservation (Schultz et al. 2007; Allcott 2011; Allcott and Rogers 2014), residential water usage (Ferraro, Miranda and Price 2011), towel reuse (Reese, Loew and Steffgen 2014), recycling or littering behavior (Reiter and Samuel 1980;Cialdini, Reno and Kallgren 1990;Schultz 1999), use of public transport (Gravert and Collentine 2021), or food choice (Sparkman and Walton 2017;Griesoph et al. 2021;Dannenberg, Klatt and Weingärtner 2024). The results show that subjects tend to adapt their behavior to the social norm and behave in a more environmentally friendly way when others do the same. ...

When nudges aren’t enough: Norms, incentives and habit formation in public transport usage
  • Citing Article
  • October 2021

Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization

... Although many people say they wish to commute less by car, it is difficult for individuals to follow through on their intentions, especially when trying to change habitual commuting behavior 41,42 . Thus, before meeting with potential partners, we considered the behavioral barriers that may be especially likely to prevent individuals from changing their transportation (driving) behaviors. ...

When Nudges Aren't Enough: Incentives and Habit Formation in Public Transport Usage
  • Citing Article
  • January 2019

SSRN Electronic Journal