Linhai Yang’s scientific contributions

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Publications (1)


Tsodilo Hills, NW Kalahari Desert, Botswana
  • Chapter

August 2023

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82 Reads

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1 Citation

Larry H. Robbins

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Michael L. Murphy

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George A. Brook

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Linhai Yang

This chapter examines the Pleistocene archaeology of three sites in the Tsodilo Hills located in the Kalahari Desert, about 45 km west of the Okavango River in NW Botswana (Fig. 1). The sites are White Paintings Shelter (WPS; 18.769 S, 21.749 E), Depression Shelter (DS; 18.738 S, 21.745 E), and Rhino Cave (RC; 18.735 S, 21.731 E). Tsodilo is the only area in the Kalahari of Botswana that has dated rock shelter sequences containing Pleistocene archaeological deposits that can be related to regional and global-scale paleoclimatic events. New OSL and radiocarbon chronologies are presented for DS and WPS and the data from all three sites are re-examined to determine how paleoenvironmental factors may have influenced their occupation and use over the last 100 kyr. There are three main hills at Tsodilo known as Male, Female, and Child and another hill called North Hill (Campbell et al., 2010). White Paintings Shelter is located at the base of Male Hill, while the other two sites are on Female Hill (Fig. 2). Thus far, the oldest stone artifacts date to the Middle Stone Age (MSA). While Early Stone Age Acheulean artifacts have not yet been found at Tsodilo, they do occur elsewhere in Botswana (Robbins et al., 2016; Robbins & Murphy, 1998). The current inhabitants of Tsodilo include two communities; Ju/’hoansi San and Hambukushu, both of whom we gratefully acknowledge for their friendship and help. Oral traditions also indicate that another group of people known as the Ncaekhoe, lived at Tsodilo prior to the arrival of the current inhabitants in the mid-1800s (Taylor, 2010).

Citations (1)


... Techniques in which landscape features were used in hunting also occurred in the Upper Pleistocene. At the 77 ka open-air site #Gi in the Kalahari, MSA points are associated with significant quantities of zebra and extinct hartebeest teeth and this likely indicates an area where prey was ambushed at the margins of the lake (Robbins et al., 2023). A dense concentration of extinct wildebeest-like remains with butchery marks and lithics at Bovid Hill, Kenya, dating to around 70 ka, also suggests tactical hunting (Thompson et al., 2023a). ...

Reference:

The Upper Pleistocene (late Pleistocene) archaeology of sub-Saharan Africa (MSA and LSA)
Tsodilo Hills, NW Kalahari Desert, Botswana
  • Citing Chapter
  • August 2023