Liang Hao's research while affiliated with China University of Geosciences and other places
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Publications (58)
Selective laser melting (SLM), also known as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), has broad application prospects due to its excellent performance and high fabrication accuracy. SLM technology is developing toward multi-beam, multi-material, high quality, and high-efficiency manufacturing. However, defects, such as internal metallurgical defects, and re...
The poor wettability and weak interfacial bonding of diamond/copper composites are due to the incompatibility between diamond and copper which are inorganic nonmetallic and metallic material, respectively, which limit their further application in next-generation heat management materials. Coating copper and titanium on the diamond particle surface...
High electrical and thermal conductive metals (HETCM) play a key role in smart electronics, green energy, modern communications and healthcare, however, typical HETCM (e.g., Ag, Au, Cu) usually have relatively low mechanical strength, hindering further applications. Selective laser melting (SLM) is a potentially transformative manufacturing technol...
High precision lattice structure (LS) shows great potential applications in aerospace, acoustic, biomedical, and wearable products due to its multifunctional characteristics and excellent mechanical properties. Inspired by lightweight, high-strength, and high-stability glass sponges (GSs), a unique circle-/grid-like heterogeneous glass sponge latti...
As a novel type of moulding technology, additive manufacturing (AM) can realise the rapid manufacturing of complex structures. This research applied dual gradient direct ink writing (DGDIW) with in-situ dispersion to fabricate multi-materials in an extensive gradient range. Functionally graded materials (FGM) have emerged as intelligent composites...
Hyperthermia has become an important area of research for cancer treatment throughout the world. Choosing appropriate magnetic nanoparticles for specific performance at the cancerous site of the body is a major problem. In this research work, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized using laser ablation and Ag@α‑Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles usi...
An effective method to fabricate barium titanate (BTO)/carbonyl iron powder (CIP) composites with enhanced microwave absorption (MA) performance was prepared via multimaterial digital optical processing (DLP) 3D printing technique. The bilayer-gradient honeycomb structural absorber (BGHSA) with adjustable broadband can be obtained by leveraging of...
The growing demand of wearable device and the irreplaceable roles in stealth technique have boosted the exploration of high-performance flexible microwave absorbers. Herein, a novel flexible honeycomb structural absorber (FHSA) of carbon fiber (CF)/polyamide (PA)/carbonyl iron (CIP) composite was successfully fabricated via selective laser sinterin...
Purpose
Traditional simulation research of geological and similar engineering models, such as landslides or other natural disaster scenarios, usually focuses on the change of stress and the state of the model before and after destruction. However, the transition of the inner change is usually invisible. To optimize and make models more intelligent,...
A novel functionally graded structure of diamond was developed with significantly enhanced thermal conductivity and compressive strength, based on synergistic effects combining chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and selective laser melting (SLM). In-situ diamond growth was achieved without conventionally complex pretreatment steps due to the high surf...
This chapter establishes a finite element model to predict the mechanical properties of the TPMS structure, and analyze manufacturing accuracy and static compression mechanics of the gradient gyroid lattice structure. Gradient TPMS lattice structures are designed with different gradient directions. A mathematical model based on a multilayer composi...
This chapter performs fatigue testing and analysis of uniform and gradient TPMS lattice structures, revealing the mechanism of crack nucleation and propagation and tensile stress on the surface. Surface treatments such as sandblasting can remove most of the crack nucleation starting point and strengthen the surface matrix material, thereby enhancin...
This chapter develops composite materials and structures using TPMS lattice structures. Graphene 3D/Cu lattice scaffolds are designed to facilitate multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves inside the structure. The results suggest that the synergistic effects from multimaterials and porous structures facilitate multiple dissipation mechanism...
This chapter gives the application and prospect of TPMS structures. It proposes new and advanced lattice support structures for SLM/DMLS processes. Two types of lattice structures are investigated for their suitability as support structures in reducing material and build-time while fulfilling the structural demands required by a metallic support st...
This chapter illustrates the manufacturability of uniform TPMS structures and discusses their precision analysis, microstructure, and static mechanical properties. It evaluates the manufacturability of TPMS lattice structures through the SLM process with different metal powders including 316L stainless steel, Ti-6Al-4V, and AlSi10Mg. The effects of...
This chapter proposes a material constitutive model based on the SLM graded TPMS lattice structure for finite element simulation. The simulation reveals that the root cause of the uniform stress distribution and anisotropy of the TPMS lattice structure lies in the surface characteristics of the structure. The experimental and simulation results are...
This chapter presents the design procedure and the software tools used for generating uniform and graded cellular structures. It introduces the various cell topologies of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattice structures commonly used in this research. It also describes the topological design of lattice structures and the procedure of gener...
At the start of the COVID-19 outbreak, many countries lacked personal protective equipment (PPE) to protect healthcare workers. To address this problem, open design and 3D printing technologies were adopted to provide much-in-need PPEs for key workers. This paper reports an initiative by designers and engineers in the UK and China. The case study a...
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Due to the intrinsically limited mechanical properties, functionalities and structures of mineral material composites (MMCs) made through traditional fabrication approaches, there is a critical need to develop novel three dimensional (3D) forming techniques that can construct mineral material composites (MMCs) and structures with high performance a...
Debinding is one of the most critical processes in metal paste injection 3D printing technology (MPI). In order to design the optimal debinding parameters, the debinding temperature, debinding time and heating rate were discussed from the perspective of dynamics. The results showed that there was a peak in liquid phase mass transfer during debindin...
Schwartz diamond graded porous structures (SDGPSs), constructed by a triply-periodic-minimal-surface diamond unit cell topology, were developed with various unit cell sizes and printed by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) from a commercially pure titanium powder for bone implant applications. The effect of unit cell size on the printability, strut dim...
Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is one of the elastomeric polymers which has widespread applicability in various fields. Selective laser sintering (SLS) technology is gradually being used to manufacture actual end-use components and enables novel applications (footwear, healthcare mattresses, cable and wire) for TPU. This work aims to explore an o...
Currently, three-dimensional graphene (3DG) fabrication was restricted by the complicated process, strict chemical reactions as well as structural accuracy. Herein we creatively propose a bottom-up strategy that leverages the selective laser melting (SLM) technique to manufacture a three-dimensional (3D) porous copper template. Graphene was then in...
Functionally graded materials (FGMs) and functionally graded structures (FGSs) are special types of advanced composites with peculiar features and advantages. This article reviews the design criteria of functionally graded additive manufacturing (FGAM), which is capable of fabricating gradient components with versatile functional properties. Conven...
Direct ink writing (DIW) technique has emerged as a powerful tool to create specific functionally graded materials (FGMs) products with macroscopic and microscopic porous architectures and mechanical properties. In order to explore the DIW process control method of ceramic composite FGMs, several additives (e.g., polysorbate, liquid paraffin and wa...
Purpose
The study aims to explore the composition and microstructure of clay functionally graded materials under the process of double-gradient direct ink writing (DIW).
Design/methodology/approach
The investigation focused specifically on the pore characteristics of barite-kaolin clay composite after three-dimensional (3D) printing and sintering...
A biodegradable UV-cured resin has been fabricated via stereolithography apparatus (SLA). The formulation consists of a commercial polyurethane resin as an oligomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a reactive diluent and phenylbis (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819) as a photoinitiator. The tensile strength of t...
Three dimensional (3D) printing has attracted much more interest from the research community due to its ability to make complex structures with high resolution and simplified fabrication process. Here we constructed composited electrolyte with certain thickness for the application of low temperature of solid oxide fuel cells. The fabrication of a t...
Silver, as a precious metal, is widely used in the consumer goods industry and high-tech fields. Selective Laser Melting (SLM), as an Additive Manufacturing (AM) technique, has the potential to make complex structural components of Ag alloy but is often limited by the high reflectivity and thermal conductivity of Ag. This study seeks to determine t...
After a brief introduction on selective laser melting (SLM) and “ex situ” manufacture of metal matrix composites (MMCs), this paper reviews the capacities and benefits of SLM to activate and control various “in situ” reactions during fabrication of 3D parts. It introduces several systems (such as Al/Fe2O3, AlSi10Mg/SiC, Al/ZnO, Ti/C, Ti/SiC, Ti/Si3...
To explore the thermal debinding mass transfer mechanism and dynamics of an innovative copper paste injection 3D printing method, the thermal behavior of the copper paste was investigated to clarify the stages of the debinding process. Furthermore, the debinding ratio, burnout ratio, shrinkage and microstructures were characterized to study the mas...
Deposition-based 3D printing has been proposed as a novel method for building the landslide model, especially its porous slide zone, to accurately mimic equivalent material properties and porous structure, which has been not yet achieved by traditional the manual or semi-auto compacting method. As an initial attempt, this research firstly selects b...
A significant requirement for a bone implant is to replicate the functional gradient across the bone to mimic the localization change in stiffness. In this work, continuous functionally graded porous scaffolds (FGPSs) based on the Schwartz diamond unit cell with a wide range of graded volume fraction were manufactured by selective laser melting (SL...
Using laboratory-made three-dimensional (3D) printing equipment, an innovative 3D printing process without a mold, which was based on metal powder injection molding (MIM), was developed for the fabrication of complex 3D metal and alloy components. Copper powder and paraffin wax were selected for the composition of the copper paste composite. The st...
Ti-6Al-4V Gyroid triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices were manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The as-built Ti-6Al-4V lattices exhibit an out-of-equilibrium microstructure with very fine α′ martensitic laths. When subjected to the heat treatment of 1050 °C for 4 h followed by furnace cooling, the lattices show a homogenous and...
Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures have already been shown to be a versatile source of biomorphic scaffold designs. Therefore, in this work, Ti-6Al-4V Gyroid and Diamond TPMS lattices having an interconnected high porosity of 80-95% and pore sizes in the range of 560-1600μm and 480-1450μm respectively were manufactured by selective l...
To fabricate Al2O3 ceramic components with complex shape, selective laser sintering (SLS) combined with cold isostatic pressing (CIP) process was used to consolidate Al2O3 powder with additive of epoxy resin E06 (ER06) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The starting material preparation combined spray drying with mechanical mixing to formulate compound p...
As mass production has migrated to developing countries, European and US companies are forced to rapidly switch towards low volume production of more innovative, customised and sustainable products with high added value. To compete in this turbulent environment, manufacturers have sought new fabrication techniques to provide the necessary tools to...
This paper investigates the manufacturability and performance of advanced and lightweight stainless steel cellular lattice structures fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). A unique cell type called gyroid is designed to construct periodic lattice structures and utilise its curved cell surface as a self-supported feature which avoids the bui...
In situ reaction was activated in the powder mixture of Al/5 wt.%Fe2O3 by using selective laser melting (SLM) to directly fabricate aluminium metal matrix composite parts. The microstructural characteristics of these in situ consolidated parts through SLM were investigated under the influence of thick powder bed, 75 μ m layer thickness, and 50 μ m...
This paper investigates the manufacturability and performance of advanced and lightweight stainless steel cellular lattice structures fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM). A unique cell type called gyroid is designed to construct periodic lattice structures and utilise its curved cell surface as a self-supported feature which avoids the bui...
The porcelain fracture caused by low metal-ceramic bond strength is a critical issue in porcelain fused to metal(PFM) restorations. Surface roughening methods, such as sand blasting, acid etching and alkaline degreasing for the metal matrix are used to increase bond strength. However, the metal matrix of PFM processed by selective laser melting(SLM...
Overhanging and floating layers which are introduced during the build in selective laser melting (SLM) process are usually associated with high temperature gradients and thermal stresses. As there is no underlying solid material, less heat is dissipated to the powder bed and the melted layer is free to deform resulting undesired effects such as shr...
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an increasingly employed additive manufacturing process for the production of medical, aerospace, and automotive parts. Despite progresses in material flexibility and mechanical performances, relatively poor surface finish still presents a major limitation in the SLM process.In this study an investigation of surface...
This work presents a novel in situ reaction approach to produce Al matrix composites from a powder mixture of Al/5 wt% Fe2O3 by using selective laser melting (SLM). It is found that the SLM process not only is able to produce three-dimensional parts, but also is capable of activating an in situ reaction in the powder mixture, producing particles ma...
Synthetic micro-architectures such as metal/polyurethane foams, computationally generated micro-architectures and composites are becoming increasingly popular for applications requiring tailored material properties. Similar structures are found throughout nature (e.g. cancellous bone, honey comb structures, etc...). Characterizing the bulk response...
Aiming at developing carbon fibre/polyamide-12 (CF/PA) composite powders for manufacturing high-performance components by selective laser sintering (SLS), the preparation, characteristics and sintering process of the composite powders and mechanical properties of sintered components were studied. Surfaces of the carbon fibres were treated by the ox...
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing (AM) technique in which 3D metallic parts are manufactured in a layer-by-layer fashion, typically in small series. To build complex geom-etries with overhanging and undercut surfaces, SLM has to solidify expensive materials into sacrificial sup-port structures in order to control curling an...
Significant different thermal properties between amorphous and semi-crystalline polymers have a great effect on the selection of proper sintering parameters and the resulting properties of the parts made by selective laser sintering (SLS) process. This paper studied the differences in the part bed temperature (T(b)), and relative density, tensile s...
Laser metal deposition (LMD) is an additive manufacturing (AM) process used for repairing and fabricating metallic parts. One of the major drawbacks of this process is the relatively rough surface of the manufactured parts. In this work, surface polishing using laser for LMD parts was studied. Using the LMD process, a series of block samples of Inc...
Additive Manufacturing (AM) produces three dimensional objects directly from a digital model by the successive addition of material(s), without the use of a specialized tooling. AM allows the rapid development of sustainable products and has been increasingly used to produce lightweight components to save materials and costs. This particularly help...
Polymer thick film (PTF) inks have been adopted for DW applications to be printed and post cured to produce electronic tracks. DW needs to use an optimal combination of unique PTF inks, substrates and curing processing parameters to achieve good printing characteristics, performance and durability. This study has investigated the printing performan...
Citations
... This kind of particle ejections was known as entrainment particle (Figure 4) [43]. Metal vapor-induced entrainment caused powderspattering behavior [44]. To be intuitive, micrometric particles changed the surface tension, molten pool rheology, and metal vapor density according to declaration [45][46][47]. ...
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... He et al. [129] considered the compressive effectiveness, as well as rupture progression of bio-inspired heterogeneity glass sponge lattice structures, generated by means of SLM. A bio-inspired circle/grid similar to Ti6Al4V heterogeneous GSLS was established as well as SLMconstructed successfully. ...
... Additive manufacturing (AM) is one of the essential methods of green manufacturing, and AM of geopolymers is increasingly explored [11][12][13][14]. This indicates that the addition of diamond in geopolymers is promising if they can achieve self-healing and other performance enhancements at the same time. ...
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... Microwave absorbing materials/structures are widely used to decrease electric magnetic pollution in electronic industry or in daily life [1][2][3][4]. However, there applications are currently inhibited by lacking tuning capabilities, as well as limited working bandwidth [5][6][7]. Thus constructing tunable microwave absorbing materials/ structures with broadband microwave absorption is a major concern. ...
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... In recent years, we have witnessed the prosperity of stimuli-responsive materials that can change their physical and/or chemical properties in response to external stimulation, e.g., temperature [1][2][3], pH [4], light [5], ionic strength [6,7], and magnetic/electric [8,9] fields. Such intelligent stimuli-responsive materials have shown significant potential in drug delivery [10][11][12], environmental remediation [13][14][15], artificial intelligence [16,17], wearable electronic devices [18][19][20], and so on. ...
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... Nowadays, one of the most promising areas of AM is the manufacturing of products from metal powders by the laser beam powder bed fusion (LB-PBF) and direct metal deposition (DMD) [2][3][4][5]. The range of materials used is expanding, along with the widespread use of corrosion-resistant steels; research is underway to determine the optimal parameters for the manufacture of products such as ceramics, metal alloys and composite materials [6][7][8]. ...
... The technique exhibits the greatest compatibility with almost all powder materials, and capacity for a high-volume loading of small micro-or nanoparticles which are difficult to handle by other powder-based AM processes such as SLS and SLM, implying great potential for fabrication improvements. 127 Another advantage is that DIW offers unique outputs including precise objects and highly complex geometries. Additionally, non-trivial shapes, particularly porous structures, can be produced by DIW, while traditional methods are limited to non-complex 3D geometries. ...
... Cao et al. [21] have proposed a modified RD porous structure by redefining the cross-section to obtain the optimizable shape parameter. Yang et al. [22] have studied rhombic dodecahedrons periodically arranged in three directions and have found that the increase in the size of the unit cell leads to a decrease in printability, Young's modulus, yield strength, and energy absorption capability. Horn et al. [23] have studied the flexural properties of Ti6Al4V rhombic dodecahedron open cellular structures fabricated with EBM. ...
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... This process is influenced by two factors: (1) the kind of debinding (solvent, thermal [72], catalytic [52,73], or combination of these [66, 74]), and (2) the thermal cycle of the debinding process. Compared to solvent and catalytic debinding, thermal debinding is relatively slow [69] and easy to regulate [75]. The solvent debinding provides a transport channel for removing reminded binder during thermal debinding [58]. ...
... Three-dimensional (3D) printing is particularly important with regard to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR 4.0). The most common additive manufacturing methods are selective laser sintering (SLS) [2][3][4] and fused deposition modeling (FDM), with the latter using thermoplastic materials. Elements made in this way do not require any surface engineering operations, e.g., heat treatment, chemical surface modification [5], or machining [6]. ...
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