Lewis White Beck’s scientific contributions

... Not harming others is considered the most fundamental principle of human morality (Cushman, Young, and Hauser 2006;Gray, Young, and Waytz 2012;Haidt 2007), and it has been confirmed that harm aversion plays a role in making moral decisions (Blair 1995;Crockett 2013;Cushman et al. 2012). The perspective taken in terms of the outcomes of an action against harm aversion is called utilitarianism (Mill 1863), whereas the one in terms of the reactions to an action per se is called deontology (Kant 1959). Moral psychology utilizes hypothetical moral dilemmas to investigate the intense debate between the common good and individual rights that are derived from the two moral perspectives (Greene et al. 2004;Greene et al. 2001;Shenhav and Greene 2014;Singer 1979). ...

Reference:

Interoceptive Brain Processing Influences Moral Decision Making

... Nesse sentido e em comunhão com Kant, podemos ainda citar Paton (1989), ao definir a autonomia como detentora de uma fórmula que apresenta um argumento obscuramente declarado ─ é derivada da combinação da fórmula da lei universal com a fórmula do fim em si mesmo. Nós não temos visto somente que estamos obrigados a obedecer à lei em virtude de sua universalidade (sua validade objetiva para todos os agentes racionais); também vimos que os agentes racionais como sujeitos são o fundamento desse imperativo categórico. ...

Reference:

REFLEXÕES SOBRE OS CONCEITOS DE AUTONOMIA E EDUCAÇÃO A PARTIR DE IMMANUEL KANT E PAULO FREIRE

... Chomsky (1959Chomsky ( , 1986 made the same point about the development of language in human children. Much earlier, Kant (1793Kant ( [1961) had elaborated his philosophy from similar arguments for innate categories in all rational thought. Association without predisposition leads to chaos. ...

Reference:

Noise in the Evolution of Communication and Thought: How Natural Selection and Noise Shape Animal and Human Minds

... Epistemologically, Humanism can be traced back to Protagoras' assertion that "man is the measure of all things", later critiqued by Socrates, who emphasized rationality over subjective perception as the standard for evaluating reality. This rationalist approach was expanded by Kant, who argued that humanity, through intellect, "legislates for nature" (Kant 1788). From an Ontological perspective, in comparison, Humanism also asserts that human beings represent the highest principle of agency and power. ...

Reference:

Appraising Regulatory Framework Towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) Under Digital Humanism