Lewis M. Nashner's research while affiliated with Washington University in St. Louis and other places

... As a result, balance tests can measure postural control under the presumed reliance upon the unperturbed vestibular inputs by modifying the testing environment to manipulate the veracity of visual (e.g., blindfold or moving visual scene) and support surface (e.g., standing on foam) cues. The observations of marked instability in patients with known vestibular lesions (Fetter et al., 1991) have made such assessment techniques a standard approach for identifying balance dysfunction mediated by impaired vestibular sensation (Nashner et al., 1982;Nashner and Peters, 1990;Horak, 2009;Wagner et al., 2021a), including in older adults. ...

... [2,3]. 이로 인해 기능 및 활동 제한을 겪고 일상생활 활동의 제약과 의료비용이 증가하게 된다 [4,5]. ...

... So, the difference in knee flexion between trials performed with EO and EC may be due to the difficulty of the postural task (i.e., unipedal vs. bipedal and EC vs. EO). During unipedal stance performed without vision, participants may need to increase knee flexion in order to optimally use that joint to maintain their balance (e.g., suspensatory strategy [41]). However, as this study is the first one to investigate the effect of fatigue on joint angles during unipedal stance, no other literature can be used to support our assumptions. ...

... (b) Dynamic posturography: is based on the use of a platform placed on a horizontally movable support, which inclines forward or backward and rotates around an axis that is collinear with the ankles. One of the best-known dynamic posturography systems was developed by Nashner ([30]) and then studied by Black [31,32]. Throughout this research, we have used a modern static posturography device called Balance Master, manufactured by NeuroCom ® International [33]. ...

... Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), postural problems are commonly reported in challenging situations (i.e., unstable support surface, absence of or conflicting visual information, added cognitive load) in both adults (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8) and children (9,10); yet, these findings are often ignored in clinical practice guidelines and not adequately tested before patients are discharged from follow-up programs. ...

... Also, in contrast to face, neck and proximal muscles of the upper limbs, startle responses are rare in lower limb muscles, where they appear with latencies that are longer in distal than in proximal muscles (Brown et al. 1991). MEPI20 is probably not a startle response since the latencies for MEP~20 responses from proximal and distal anterior compartment muscles are similar and are shorter than those from proximal and distal posterior compartment muscles, a pattern which is more characteristic of postural control (Nashner 1985). ...

... It is apparent that the volitional component of movement is a primary deficit in Parkinsonism (Panzer-Decius et al., 1996). Voluntary weight shifting is reduced in amplitude and is clearly abnormal (Panzer-Decius et al., 1996). ...

... The cause of falls in people with HD has not yet been empirically determined; however it is most probably multifactorial. Platform posturography studies have shown that people with PD have abnormal responses to external and self-generated perturbations to their centre of mass [99][100][101] . Generally for PD patients, the sequence of muscle activation in response to perturbation is intact [99][100][101] . ...

... A population-based study estimated that 7.5 million patients with dizziness are examined in the ambulatory care setting in the United States each year and it is associated with functional disability in about 10-20% of sufferers [3][4][5][6]. Dizziness is used to describe many different sensations and can be classified into 4 groups: vertigo, which is an illusion of movement, either of the person or the visual surround, dysequilibrium without vertigo, presyncope (near-faint), and psychophysiologic dizziness, which is often associated with anxiety and panic [4][5][6][7][8][9]. In the developing countries like Nigeria, poor access to medical service may mean that medical conditions that could otherwise be promptly treated may become chronic and therefore predispose to hearing impairment. ...

... To our knowledge, this is the first study that has identified knee strategy in maintaining postural control in perturbed balance tasks. Previous work has suggested that a hip strategy would follow the ankle strategy 3,16,44,45 . We suggest that our novel finding is likely due to (1) the smaller amplitude of floor motion used compared to previous studies, (2) methodologies used in previous studies. ...