Letizia Mencarini’s research while affiliated with Bocconi University and other places

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Publications (2)

Association of first-hand experience in bribery with MM Coefficients represent increase in the Number of Pregnancy-Related Deaths out of 1,000 Pregnancy-Related Deaths Associated with a 10 p.p. increase in First-Hand Experience in Bribery. Note: Authors’ elaboration on merged data for 17 SSA countries from the DHS and Afrobarometer for the 2002–2018 period. Each figure represents one fewer (blue) or additional (orange) pregnancy-related death every 1,000 pregnancy-related deaths if the prevalence of first-hand experience with bribery increased by 10 p.p. The reference level is the average level of maternal mortality among regions in the first quintile of the bribery distribution, corresponding to 8.93 ‰ in our sample. We regress through a linear probability model the dummy variable equal to 1,000 –if the mother died during the pregnancy or within two months of delivery–on the percentage of people reporting to have experience in bribery at the regional level (bribery) and the corresponding quadratic term, year and country fixed-effects, the mother’s characteristics, pregnancy characteristics, the regional Human Development Index (HDI) and the General Fertility Rate (GFR). Estimations are robust to heteroscedasticity and clustered at local level. We converted the estimation into a percentage variation in the number of pregnancy-related associated with a 10 p.p. increase in bribery.
Association of first-hand experience in bribery with MM, estimation using bribes as a series of categorical variables rather than a continuous one Coefficients represent Variation in Maternal Mortality, out of 1,000 Pregnancy-Related Deaths, compared to the Average Prevalence of Maternal Mortality in Regions within the First Quintile of the Bribery Distribution. Note: Authors’ elaboration on merged data for 17 SSA countries from the DHS and Afrobarometer for the 2002–2018 period. We regress through a linear probability model the dummy variable equal to 1000 –if the mother died during pregnancy or within two months of giving birth–on a series of dummies. These represent: the quantile distribution of bribery at the regional level; year and country fixed-effects; mother’s characteristics; pregnancy characteristics; the regional logged Gross National Income per capita (GNI); and the General Fertility Rate (GFR). Estimations are robust to heteroscedasticity and cluster at the local level. Each person represents one fewer (blue) or an additional (orange) pregnancy-related death for every 1,000 pregnancy-related deaths. The baseline is the average prevalence of life-ending pregnancies, corresponding to 8.6 ‰ in our sample. For example, the figure indicates that region-years falling in the third quintile of the bribery distribution have on average 190 additional deaths every 1000 when compared with regions within the first quintile.
Association of first-hand experience in bribery with MM, the moderating role of the healthcare system Notes: Authors’ elaboration on merged data for 17 SSA countries from the DHS and Afrobarometer for the 2002–2018 period. We regress through a linear probability model the dummy variable equal to 1,000 if the mother died during the pregnancy or within two months of giving birth on: the percentage of people reporting experiences in bribery at the regional level (bribery) and its quadratic term (bribery²); year and country fixed-effects; mother’s characteristics; pregnancy characteristics; the regional Human Development Index (HDI); the General Fertility Rate (GFR) and Bribery interaction; and whether antenatal care and/or being assisted during the delivery by skilled healthcare personnel was prevalent or not in the area where the mother lived in the delivery year. Standard errors are robust to heteroscedasticity and are clustered at local level.
Association of first-hand experience in bribery with MM, using alternative methods of corruption Notes: Authors’ elaboration on merged data for 17 SSA countries from the DHS and Afrobarometer for the 2002–2018 period. We regress through a linear probability model the dummy variable equal to 1000 if the mother died during the pregnancy or within two months of giving birth on: the percentage of people reporting experiences in bribery at the regional level (bribery) and its quadratic term (bribery²); year and country fixed-effects; mother’s characteristics; pregnancy characteristics; the regional Human Development Index (HDI); the General Fertility Rate (GFR) and Bribery interaction; and whether in the area where the mother lived on the year she gave birth antenatal care and/or being assisted during the delivery by skilled healthcare personnel was prevalent or not. Standard errors are robust to heteroscedasticity and are clustered at the local level. The confidence intervals reflect exclusively uncertainty around the coefficients on bribery.
Descriptive statistics

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Does bribery increase maternal mortality? Evidence from 135 Sub-Saharan African regions
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2023

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1 Citation

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Eugenio Paglino

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About 295,000 women died globally during and following pregnancy and childbirth in 2017. Two-thirds of these deaths occurred in Sub-Saharan Africa. By linking individual and regional data from 135 regions in 17 Sub-Saharan African countries over the period 2002–2018 this study explores how bribery affects maternal mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa. Our results show that the percentage of people who had first-hand experience in bribery is significantly and positively associated with pregnancy related deaths. We find that a 10 p.p. increase in the prevalence of bribery is associated with up to 41 [95% CI: 10–73] additional deaths for every 1,000 pregnancy-related deaths. However, the healthcare system quality appears to be an important moderator. To reduce maternal mortality, policy makers should not only increase investments in healthcare, they need also to implement measures to combat corruption.

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Citations (1)

... History points to medium-term increases in fertility after epidemics and catastrophes, even as a population-based way of compensating for the loss of offspring caused by such crisis, but the demographic pattern observed in the COVID-19 pandemic seems to provide a dim view of the possibility of a baby boom resulting from behavioral changes during the pandemic, such as confinement and increased contact between fertile couples (Aassve et al., 2020). ...

Reference:

BIRTH AND FERTILITY RATES BEFORE AND AFTER THE LOCKDOWN IN THE FEDERAL DISTRICT OF BRAZIL DUE TO THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
The COVID-19 pandemic and human fertility

Science

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N Cavalli

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L Mencarini

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M Livi Bacci