Leon Festinger’s scientific contributions

... In addition to available time, energy, capability, and personal salience, prior beliefs and attitudes can influence whether the message inspires elaboration, support, and compliance, or counterarguing or some other form of resistance Petty & Cacioppo, 1977, 1979. The theory of cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957) and the ELM both suggest that messages advocating for attitudes consistent with those of the target audience are more likely to be attended to, deemed credible, and remembered. The ELM also suggests that under conditions of low elaboration-that is, when an individual is not engaged in effortful thought-attitude change and behavioral decisions are influenced by heuristic cues and mental shortcuts. ...

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“The more I think about it, the less I like it”: Effects of elaboration, narrative transportation, and freedom threat on the effectiveness of HPV vaccination advocacy messages

... During the Second World War, Allport andPostman (1945, 1947) aimed to develop a scientific method to rigorously examine the transmission of rumours within a laboratory setting. However, the methodological complexity of studying rumour transmission within such a setting was emphasised immediately (Back et al., 1952). Allport andPostman (1945, 1947) based the development of their serial reproduction paradigm on Bartlett's (1932) research and the construction of their experimental material on Knapp's (1944) previous fieldwork on wartime rumours. ...

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Towards a socially situated rumouring: Historical and critical perspectives of rumour transmission

... Folglich ist das Aktivwerden in einem Die Tendenz, Dinge, welche als "kreativ" bezeichnet werden, als schön und Dinge, welche als "schön" bezeichnet werden, als kreativ zu betrachten und alles Kreative als gut einzuschätzen, wirft besondere Probleme im Bereich Kreativität und Verbrechen auf. Es ist schwierig für Menschen, dasselbe Objekt, dieselbe Aktion, denselben Prozess oder dieselben persönlichen Merkmale als gleichzeitig schön (kreativ) und hässlich (kriminell) zu definieren, weil das Festhalten an sich widersprechenden Urteilen "kognitive Dissonanz" [engl.: cognitive dissonance] verursacht (Festinger et al. 1956). Kognitive Dissonanz entsteht dann, wenn ein Mensch gleichzeitig über sich widersprechenden "Informationen" (Wahrnehmungen, Gedanken, Meinungen, Einstellungen, Wünsche oder Absichten) verfügt. ...

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Die dunkle Seite der Kreativität

... --Ce mutisme des revues de psychologie à propos de When Prophecy Fails est d'autant plus frappant que les revues d'anthropologie, de sociologie et de sciences religieuses en ont donné des compte rendus très favorables, saluant le livre comme une contribution importante à la connaissance de mouvements mal connus.27 AlbertPepitone (1957). Le jeune homme a été admis au MIT à l'automne 1946, car il souhaitait être formé par Lewin, dont on sait qu'il est mort très vite après. ...

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Lire L'Échec d'une prophétie

... Kajian deskriptif dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti profil personaliti dalam kalangan pensyarah. Kajian deskriptif merupakan kaedah yang sesuai dilakukan dengan menggunakan kaedah tinjauan kerana konsep-konsep dapat dihuraikan dengan menggunakan soal selidik atau temu bual, dapat membuat perbandingan frekuensi serta boleh memberi gambaran semasa sesuatu fenomena yang berlaku berkaitan dengan perasaan, pemikiran dan tingkah laku manusia (Stangor, 2011;Chua, 2011). Kajian deskriptif biasanya dipersembahkan dalam bentuk analisis statistik yang memberi gambaran berhubung taburan data (Bhasah, 2007). ...

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Tinjauan Terhadap Profil Personaliti Pensyarah Universiti Penyelidikan (A Survey of the Personality Profile of Lecturers in Research University)

... Norms possess a social force which dispenses punishment for deviant behavior and reward for compliant behavior. L. Festinger, S. Schachter and K. Back state that this social force is "... a uniform set of directions which the group induces on the forces which act on the members of the group" [247]. Thus, norms are both abstract ideas and social forces constituting "... a pressure existing between a norm-sender and a norm-receiver's behavior in a category of recurrent situations" [248]. ...

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Pubisher_Chronicles of Behavioral Psychology OPEN ACCESS

... Various approaches can be used to investigate the developmental trajectory of social, political and historical phenomena (Ochrana, 2015). From the point of view of the philosophy and methodology of science, these approaches are traditionally based on non-normative (positivist) or normative methodology. ...

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Historical-evolutionary and Retrograde Approach to the Study of Social Phenomena and Public Administration

... To validate the theoretical postulates established in our problem, the data of the study were collected from a questionnaire. This instrument is considered by Festinger et al. (1974) as the most appropriate and often the most fruitful for collecting the attitudes, opinions and perceptions of individuals. In addition, the questionnaire has the advantage of introducing into the study the fundamental quantitative aspects, and the operations of passing and counting of answers are simple, fast, and inexpensive. ...

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Brazzaville Residents and the Perception of the Corona Virus Pandemic: Between Faith in Politics and the Reality of the Disease

... Quantitative methodology uses the questionnaire method whereas qualitative methodology is based on a field study. According to Festinger and Katz (1953), the difference in both methodologies is in the evaluation where the questionnaire method is broader whereas the field study method is more complete. Thus, the use of both methodologies will provide a complete explanation of the phenomenon. ...

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The Character and the Spatial Concepts of Cakranegara The Hist orical City of Indonesia as an Alternative Urban Design

... Balancing this task could also cause complexity, which may lead to high tension (Das and Teng, 2000). According to the theory of cognitive dissonance and related research (e.g., Brehm and Festinger, 1957;Harmon-Jones and Mills, 1999), this paper defines cognitive dissonance as a psychological state encompassing the feeling of cognitive discomfort experienced by managers when dealing with multiple contradictory demands. ...

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Why and when do paradoxical management capabilities matter to paradoxical pressure? An empirical investigation of the role of coopetition