Lawrence W. Sheppard's research while affiliated with Marine Biological Association of the UK and other places

... Macrocystis and other forest-forming kelps are also impacted by ocean waves. Large waves generated by storms dominate the dynamics of abundance and primary production in giant kelps (Reed et al., 2011;Castorani et al., 2022), and interactions between waves and kelps have long inspired interest in the possibility that kelp forests might attenuate wave energy. Anticipated consequences of a changing climate, specifically rising sea levels and increasing storm frequency and severity (IPCC, 2019), have garnered a more recent interest in interactions among coastal vegetative ecosystems and wave energy (Hanley et al., 2020). ...

... There are several complex and mutually interacting factors, that can trigger fish migration, including but are not limited to, the water flow discharge [12], water temperature [13], nutrient limitation [14], environmental heterogeneity or genetic predisposition [15], and social interactions [16]. It is infeasible to fully describe the fish migration mechanism due to a number of random biological phenomena that can affect both inter-and intra-migration events, as suggested in the reported data for diverse case studies [17][18][19][20][21][22]. A concise -but nonetheless sufficiently realistic -stochastic process model is therefore essential for the analysis of fish migration. ...

... The majority of previous dengue projection studies have used dengue presence/absence data or mechanistic models parameterised using theoretical knowledge or laboratory experiments 10,17 . Such approaches are useful for defining the geographic and seasonal limits of transmission but often poorly predict dynamics in endemic countries 22 where incidence is constrained by factors such as immunity and demographics 23 . This has led some studies to suggest that changes in future dengue burden will be driven primarily by population growth in endemic areas rather than environmentally driven changes in risk 17,22 . ...

... Resilience is perhaps best understood if scale-explicit and scale-implicit methods are combined with univariate and multivariate community structural and functional measures commonly used in ecology and indicators of ecological status used in management, including some proposed for riparian ecosystems (Burdon et al., 2020) (Table 1). For example, spatial regimes and resilience studies may consider how the synchrony of ecological patterns and processes over time weakens or strengthens resilience (Bêche et al., 2009;Walter et al., 2022). Molecular techniques increasingly complement biodiversity assessments based on morphology-based taxonomy and have potential to refine, for instance, understanding of a range of reactions to environmental change among species that contribute to the same ecosystem function (i.e. ...

... For instance, due to reduced competition or enhanced facilitation under drought (as predicted by the SGH), plant communities could maintain similar levels of biomass production compared with communities under more favorable conditions [64,65]. In addition, the presence of stressors may trigger compensatory dynamics among species by suppressing the population growth of competitively dominant species, and therefore stabilize overall community diversity and functions [66][67][68]. This leads to community-level hydra effects; namely, that specific stressors jeopardizing individual species conversely increase interspecific asynchrony and hence elevate the stability of the entire community [69,70]. ...

... This idea has been examined through the linear tracking window hypothesis proposed by Hsieh and Ohman (2006) and a related concept has been applied to synchrony through the study of ecological "detuning" (Hsieh and Ohman 2006;Haynes et al. 2019). In the GoM and GBk, the relevant timescales of advection and population growth are both on the order of several months, so if advection was the primary driver influencing population dynamics among the basins of the GoM and from WB to NWGBk, we would expect to see lagged seasonal asynchrony with the upstream source subpopulation peaking a few months before the downstream subpopulation and overall synchronous interannual fluctuations Luo et al. 2021). Based on the physical circulation of the GoM, modeling studies (i.e., Lynch et al. 1998;Miller et al. 1998;Li et al. 2006) have shown that individuals from JB can get advected south into GBn and southwest into WB. ...

... The significance of oscillations in DOC include crossing thresholds from enhancement to inhibition of primary production. Timescale-specific (equivalently, frequencyspecific; timescale is 1/frequency) approaches including wavelet analysis can identify and quantify these patterns and improve inference into pattern-generating mechanisms (Sheppard et al. 2016;Anderson et al. 2021). ...

... Payne et al., 2016;Peek et al., 2002). Nonlinear responses to the environment may result in environment dependencies in species asynchrony (Ghosh et al., 2020;Shoemaker et al., 2022). In turn, these can lead to environmentally dependent ecosystem multifunctionality and stability (Morin et al., 2014;Sasaki et al., 2019). ...

... The remote sensing inversion of VIs in the micro-scale region, similar to the method performed in this study [48] was conducted using UAV and satellite images, and was applied to different terrestrial vegetation types [16]. The methods included random forest regression and object-based image analysis [35], spectral unmixing [35,49], and the use of a vegetation index to upgrade the binary vegetation-vegetation classification from UAV to satellite images [50]. ...

... However, tail dependence in spatial synchrony has been little studied, so its prevalence, mechanisms, and consequences in empirical populations are not yet well understood. In principle, tail-dependent spatial synchrony should have substantial implications for extinction risk (Ghosh et al., 2020c). An ensemble of populations exhibiting stronger interpopulation associations in the upper tails of population distributions will have spatially synchronised population booms, leading to widespread periods of high abundance, but populations exhibiting stronger associations in their lower tails will experience synchronised crashes. ...