Laura Francisca Sudarnoto’s research while affiliated with Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia and other places

The current study investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviorsin a large, cross-cultural sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease, with support towards preventive COVID19 behaviors would be moderated by the individual-level and country-level trust in the government. Results suggest that the association between fear of disease and support for COVID-19 preventive behaviors was strongest when trust in the government was weak (both at individual and country-level). Conversely, the association with empathic prosocial concern was strongest when trust was high, but this moderation was only found at individual-level scores of governmental trust. We discuss how both fear and empathy motivations to support preventive COVID-19 behaviors may be shaped by socio-cultural context, and outline how the present findings may contribute to a better understanding of collective action during global crises.

With the COVID-19 pandemic, behavioural scientists aimed to illuminate reasons why people comply with (or not) large-scale cooperative activities. Here we investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviours in a sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease with support towards preventive COVID-19 behaviours would be moderated by trust in the government. Results suggest that the association between fear of disease and support for COVID-19 preventive behaviours was strongest when trust in the government was weak (both at individual- and country-level). Conversely, the association with empathic prosocial concern was strongest when trust in the government was high, but this moderation was only found at individual-level scores of governmental trust. We discuss how motivations may be shaped by socio-cultural context, and outline how findings may contribute to a better understanding of collective action during global crises.

Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) is a widely used measure that captures somatic symptoms of coronavirus-related anxiety. In a large-scale collaboration spanning 60 countries (Ntotal = 21,513), we examined the CAS’s measurement invariance and assessed the convergent validity of CAS scores in relation to the fear of COVID-19 (FCV-19S) and the satisfaction with life (SWLS-3) scales. We utilized both conventional exact invariance tests and alignment procedures, with results revealing that the single-factor model fit the data well in almost all countries. Partial scalar invariance was supported in a subset of 56 countries. To ensure the robustness of results, given the unbalanced samples, we employed resampling techniques both with and without replacement and found the results were more stable in larger samples. The alignment procedure demonstrated a high degree of measurement invariance with 9% of the parameters exhibiting noninvariance. We also conducted simulations of alignment using the parameters estimated in the current model. Findings demonstrated reliability of the means but indicated challenges in estimating the latent variances. Strong positive correlations between CAS and FCV-19S estimated with all three different approaches were found in most countries. Correlations of CAS and SWLS-3 were weak and negative but significantly differed from zero in several countries. Overall, the study provided support for the measurement invariance of the CAS and offered evidence of its convergent validity while also highlighting issues with variance estimation.

The current study investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviorsin a large, cross-cultural sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease, with support towards preventive COVID-19 behaviors would be moderated by the individual-level and country-level trust in the government. Results suggest that the association between fear of disease and support for COVID-19 preventive behaviors was strongest when trust in the government was weak (both at individual and country-level). Conversely, the association with empathic prosocial concern was strongest when trust was high, but this moderation was only found at individual-level scores of governmental trust. We discuss how both fear and empathy motivations to support preventive COVID-19 behaviors may be shaped by socio-cultural context, and outline how the present findings may contribute to a better understanding of collective action during global crises.

The behavior of not caring about friends who get bullied or who have difficulties, consumptive and hedonic lifestyles make teenagers more individualistic and very less practice prosocial behaviors. The following research aims to develop a prosocial measurement tool in adolescents. The prosocial dimensions include sharing, helping, cooperating, acting honestly, and giving charity. This study involved 95 high school students in a school in Jakarta. The results of the content validity test using the expert judgment method showed that 50 items in the form of a Likert scale (score 1 = never – score 5 = very often) passed representing the domain of prosocial behavior. The results of the construct validity test with the corrected item-total correlation method showed 45 items were classified as valid (r = 0.28 – 0.68). The results of the reliability test using the Cronbach’s Alpha method show that the measuring instrument is classified as reliable with a coefficient of 0.93. The easuring instrument is ready to be used for further research. Abstrak. Perilaku tidak peduli terhadap teman yang di-bully atau yang mengalami kesulitan, gaya hidup konsumtif dan hedonis membuat remaja lebih individualistis dan sangat kurang mempraktekkan perilaku prososial. Penelitian berikut bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur prososial pada remaja. Dimensi prososial meliputi berbagi, membantu, bekerja sama, bertindak jujur, dan memberi sedekah. Penelitian ini melibatkan 95 siswa SMA di salah satu sekolah di Jakarta. Hasil uji validitas isi dengan metode expert judgement menunjukkan bahwa 50 item berbentuk skala likert (skor 1 = tidak pernah – skor 5 = sangat sering) lulus mewakili ranah perilaku prososial. Hasil uji validitas konstruk dengan metode korelasi item-total terkoreksi menunjukkan 45 item tergolong valid (r = 0,28 – 0,68). Hasil uji reliabilitas dengan metode Cronbach’s Alpha menunjukkan bahwa alat ukur tergolong reliabel dengan koefisien 0,93. Alat ukur siap digunakan untuk penelitian selanjutnya.

This study aims to describe the resilience of housewives with a high psychosocial burden. This study uses Reivich and Shatte's theory of resilience which describes seven factors that are the main components or domains of resilience, namely emotion regulation, impulse control, optimism, causal relationships, empathy, self-efficacy and reaching out. This study uses a quantitative approach and based-on the results of this study, the measuring instrument that the researcher developed has met psychometric standards. There are several series of analyzes that the researchers carried out, namely testing the readability of items to two experts, which resulted in 60 statement items and then testing measuring instruments to 88 participants who met the criteria. The main data collection of the measuring instrument produces a Cronbach's alpha of 0.824 and it can be stated that the measuring instrument is reliable. While the r count is more than 0.300 which can be interpreted that 60 statement items are declared valid. Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan resiliensi ibu rumah tangga dengan beban psikososial yang tinggi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori resiliensi Reivich dan Shatte yang menjelaskan tujuh faktor yang menjadi komponen atau domain utama resiliensi, yaitu regulasi emosi, pengendalian impuls, optimisme, hubungan sebab akibat, empati, efikasi diri, dan menjangkau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, alat ukur yang peneliti kembangkan telah memenuhi standar psikometri. Ada beberapa rangkaian analisis yang peneliti lakukan yaitu menguji keterbacaan butir soal kepada dua orang ahli, yang menghasilkan 60 butir pernyataan dan kemudian menguji alat ukur kepada 88 partisipan yang memenuhi kriteria. Pengumpulan data utama alat ukur menghasilkan cronbach's alpha sebesar 0,824 dan dapat dikatakan alat ukur reliabel. Sedangkan r hitung lebih dari 0,300 yang dapat diartikan bahwa 60 item pernyataan dinyatakan valid.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been going on for more than two years and has caused problems for the world community. One of the impacts of COVID-19 is psychological barriers, including decreased well-being, increased stress, anxiety, depression, loss of family members, and being laid off. Is there still energy in a difficult situation like this to give empathy and have a sense of wanting to help without reward (altruism)? The psychological condition of the impact of COVID-19 is the background for the need to carry out valid and reliable psychological measurements. This study aims to identify the psychometric properties of three psychological instruments adapted to the Indonesian culture. These instruments measure the psychological impact related to the context of COVID-19, including Fear of COVID-19, Anxiety toward COVID-19, and Altruism. This research is part of an international umbrella research themed: "International and Multidimensional Perspectives on the Impact of COVID-19 across Generations (IMPACT-C19)," which involves more than 16 countries. This study implemented a convenience sampling method to recruit 176 participants. The adaptation stages included translating the instruments from English into Indonesian (using the translator's discussion method), back-translation from Indonesian to English, harmonizing the translation results, and statistical testing. We applied Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to test the instrument's validity and the McDonald's Omega method to test reliability. The results showed that the Fear of COVID-19 scale was valid with adequate goodness of fit values. The research results showed that the three instruments are valid with good goodness of fit and adequate reliability coefficient.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic demanded employees work from home (Ishak & Mangundjaya, 2020). The work-from-home regulation provides several advantages, including high work flexibility. However, this regulation also creates excessive workloads and requires employees to work overtime due to various challenges from superiors with short deadlines. This situation encouraged researchers to develop an accurate psychological scale to identify the employees/ working stress. The scale comprised physical and mental individual responses to managing their uncomfortable work environment. It consists of 48 items measuring four dimensions: role overload, role conflict, role ambiguity, and role responsibility. The participants responded to the items by sending their responses on a 6-point scale, whether s/he felt the sentences described their psychological state from absolutely appropriate (score 1) to absolutely inappropriate (score 6). We recruited 91 employees aged 21 to 36 years old. In the content validity test, three experts judged whether the items were relevant, simple, clear, and unambiguous. The S-CVI was in the range of 0.89 to 0.92, with an S-CVI average of 0.90. Corrected item-total correlation revealed that all items were valid with a coefficient range from 0.40 to 0.79. Cronbach's Alpha was 0.97. We concluded that the instrument was valid and reliable. We also simulated the norm to interpret the participant's obtained scores. We created a standardized interpretation of the scores by applying percentile 25 and 75 to have three categories: low, medium, and high.

Flight success and accidents rely on the pilot's condition. To date, there is no psychometrically tested instrument to measure the psychological well-being of pilots. This study aims to develop items for measuring the well-being of commercial pilots in Indonesia. The constructs, dimensions, and indicators were formulated through literature reviews and interviews with pilots about their well-being. We develop well-being as a state in which a person feels positive, healthy, prosperous, comfortable, and valued in their work, able to control and contribute to the social environment. The instrument conveyed six dimensions, namely (1) positive emotion, (2) health, (3) competence, (4) recognition, (5) work security, and (6) social relationship. We implemented summated rating scale model (Likert's scale) to write 80 items on a 6-point scale. The scoring was from 1 (never/strongly not agree) to 6 (almost always/strongly agree); the scores for the unfavourable items were reversed. We applied CVI and SCVI methods to examine the instrument's content validity, corrected-item total correlation to test the item homogeneity, and Cronbach's alpha formula to assess the scale reliability. In content validity, we included two psychometrics experts and one well-being expert to evaluate the items' quality via qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative approach, the expert appraised the item's sentence: whether it derived from the indicators, dimensions, and construct, and whether the sentences were comprehended. In quantitative form, the experts assigned scores from 1 to 4, indicating the item's relevance with the construct, clarity, simplicity, and freedom of ambiguity. We recruited 117 commercial pilots via convenience sampling. The content validity testing suggested that 31 items should be revised.

p>Guru merupakan figur teladan yang utama dalam proses pembelajaran di sekolah. Guru yang memiliki kesehatan atau kesejahtearaan psikologis akan menjadi model yang benar bagi kesehatan mental para anak didik mereka. Kesejahteraan psikologis merupakan kondisi individu yang sehat, bahagia, dan puas pada kualitas kehidupannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor anteseden yang mendukung kesejahteraan psikologis para guru. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa instrumen skala penilaian. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengukur variabel kesejahteraan psikologis, kepercayaan diri, dan kecerdasan emosional. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis regresi ganda. Subjek penelitian sebanyak 95 guru jenjang TK, SD, SMP, dan SMA sekolah “X” yang berlokasi di Jakarta Pusat. Hasil analisis deskrptif menunjukkan bahwa hampir seluruh guru (>90%) memiliki kesejahteraan psikologis, kepercayaan diri, dan kecerdasan emosional berada pada kategori yang tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan emosional dan kepercayaan diri merupakan faktor anteseden yang mendukung kesejahteraan psikologis para guru. Kecerdasan emosional memberikan nilai sumbangan yang lebih besar terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis daripada faktor kepercayaan diri. Pimpinan sekolah perlu memberikan pembinaan dan pelatihan kepada para guru secara terprogram dan berkelanjutan, khususnya dalam mengelola kematangan dalam kemampuan emosional.</p