October 2021
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148 Reads
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56 Citations
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Publications (213)
October 2020
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125 Reads
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53 Citations
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
Controlling an opaque system by reading some "dials" and setting some "knobs," without really knowing what they do, is a hazardous and fruitless endeavor, particularly at scale. What we need are transparent networks, that start at the top with a high-level intent and map all the way down, through the control plane to the data plane. If we can specify the behavior we want in software, then we can check that the system behaves as we expect. This is impossible if the implementation is opaque. We therefore need to use open-source software or write it ourselves (or both), and have mechanisms for checking actual behavior against the specified intent. With fine-grain checking (e.g., every packet, every state variable), we can build networks that are more reliable, secure, and performant. In the limit, we can build networks that run autonomously under verifiable, closed-loop control. We believe this vision, while ambitious, is finally within our reach, due to deep programmability across the stack, both vertically (control and data plane) and horizontally (end to end). It will emerge naturally in some networks, as network owners take control of their software and engage in open-source efforts; whereas in enterprise networks it may take longer. In 5G access networks, there is a pressing need for our community to engage, so these networks, too, can operate autonomously under verifiable, closed-loop control.
July 2020
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29 Reads
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8 Citations
January 2020
The previous chapters went step-by-step, first breaking 5G down into its elemental components and then showing how those components could be put back together using best practices in cloud design to build a fully functional, 3GPP-compliant 5G cellular network. In doing so, it is easy to lose sight of the big picture, which is that the cellular network is undergoing a dramatic transformation. That’s the whole point of 5G. We conclude by making some observations about this big picture.
January 2020
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2 Reads
The steps we’ve taken in the previous chapters to virtualize, disaggregate, optimize, distribute, and slice the cellular network not only help us understand the inner-workings of 5G, but they are also necessary to reduce the entirety of the 5G cellular network to practice. The goal is an implementation, which by definition, forces us to make specific engineering choices. This chapter describes one set of engineering choices that results in a running system. It should be interpreted as an exemplar, for the sake of completeness, but not the only possibility.
January 2020
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4 Reads
The description of the RAN in the previous chapter focused on functionality, but was mostly silent about the RAN’s internals structure. We now focus in on some of the internal details, and in doing so, explain how the RAN is being transformed in 5G. This involves first describing the stages in the packet processing pipeline, and then showing how these stages can be disaggregated, distributed and implemented.
January 2020
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2 Reads
Disaggregating the cellular network pays dividends. This chapter explores three examples. Stepping back to look at the big picture, Chapter 3 (Architecture) described “what is” (the basics of 3GPP) and Chapter 4 (RAN Internals) described “what will be” (where the industry is clearly headed), whereas this chapter describes “what might be” (our best judgement on cutting-edge capabilities that will eventually be realized).
January 2020
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12 Reads
For anyone familiar with wireless access technologies like Wi-Fi, the cellular network is most unique due to its approach to sharing the available radio spectrum among its many users, all the while allowing those users to remain connected while moving. This has resulted in a highly dynamic and adaptive approach, in which coding, modulation and scheduling play a central role.
January 2020
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2 Reads
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15 Citations
January 2020
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3 Reads
This chapter identifies the main architectural components of cellular access networks. It focuses on the components that are common to both 4G and 5G and, as such, establishes a foundation for understanding the advanced features of 5G presented in later chapters.
Citations (78)
... Five different network segments are shown: Radio access network (RAN), edge network, transport network, core network, and inter-domain network. The RAN segment is part of the 5G network communication system infrastructure that facilitates the connection between UEs (user equipments) and the core network [28]. It corresponds to a distributed collection of antennas and radio units (RU), where the radio frequency signals are transmitted, received, amplified, and digitised. ...
- Citing Article
January 2020
... Recently, programmable data plane devices within RAN infrastructure with their massive capabilities have opened new avenues for offloading network functions from traditional software implementations into programmable data plane [37,7]. This paradigm shift enables the efficient execution of network functions directly within the network infrastructure, leveraging their parallelism nature and capabilities. ...
- Citing Conference Paper
October 2021
... Automating the management and operation of communication networks is key to overcoming the complexities and dependability challenges of manual network operations [4]. A particularly appealing vision is a fully self-adjusting network: a network that automatically measures itself, gathers information about its context and environment, current demands, and loads, to then evaluate the most efficient and effective resource allocation to meet quality of service (QoS) requirements. ...
- Citing Article
October 2020
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
... 5G mobile communication has gone through massive changes in order to provide higher network capacity, enable massive device connectivity, serve with low latency, reduce deployment costs, and support highly advanced applications and use cases [1]. Being designed as Service Based Architecture (SBA) with a high level of automation exploiting Artificial Intelligence (AI) and utilizing technologies such as Network Function Virtualization (NFV), Software-Defined Networking (SDN), cloud computing, and edge computing, making it efficient in serving not only current use cases but also future use cases in both industry and society and therefore sets also a solid basis for the Next Generation Mobile Networks (NGMNs) [2]. ...
- Citing Article
July 2020
... Site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) can assist in directing the design of experiments or determining if a mutation will impact protein structure and contribute to disease. The input section must provide a wild-type structure as well as the position and type of the mutated amino acids [47]. ...
- Citing Conference Paper
September 2019
... AWS is stretching the limits of cloud innovation with a forever-expanding suite of services, which are a strong foundation for the rising generation of cloud-native businesses [30]. Meanwhile, Azure is channeling heavy investment into AI and edge computing, looking to democratize AI and giving power to both developers and organizations [31]. Google Cloud is putting more chips into AI [32] and quantum computing, betting big that this advanced tech will redefine the possibilities in the cloud. ...
- Citing Article
May 2019
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review
... These cloud facilities in the vicinity of users are commonly referred to as "edge clouds" (ECs) [3], which can be considered as smallsize pruned data centers with relatively limited computing and storage resources. Even though ECs have been proven helpful in shortening service latency and alleviating core network congestion due to their distributed nature and location proximity to end users [4], hundreds or even thousands of ECs are required to cover all geographically dispersed users within a service zone [5]. The densification of ECs directly causes a dramatic growth in energy cost, which is likely to counteract the aforementioned benefits without proper energy cost management [6]. ...
- Citing Article
May 2018
IEEE Communications Magazine
... It uses the Xproto Model for each VNF provision on the OpenStack cloud. Similarly, ONOS control application synchronizers use ONOS to control the networking between VNFs running on OpenStack cloud environment using the ML2 plugin [23]. Here the ONOS VTN (virtual Tenant Networking) application is worth mentioning because it defines how different network nodes will communicate and their relation by enabling SFC (service function chains) for different slice tenants. ...
- Citing Conference Paper
June 2015
... Recent research on packet processors has dealt with task models [4], task scheduling [5], operating system issues [6], and packet processor architectures [7,8]. Most of the previous work on modeling, performance evaluation and design space exploration of network processors (such as [9] and [10]) relied on simulation techniques, where different architectures are simulated and evaluated using benchmark workloads [11][12][13]. ...
- Citing Article
June 2001
ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review
... One of the pioneering projects for access network virtualization is Central Office Re-architected as a Datacenter (CORD) [14]. The concept of CORD is to disaggregate the conventional access system into C-plane and U-plane functions and to use open-source software for the former and commodity hardware for the latter. ...
- Citing Article
October 2016
IEEE Communications Magazine