Larissa Shamseer's research while affiliated with St. Michael's Hospital and other places
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Publications (105)
Background: Funded health research is being published in journals that many regard as “predatory”, deceptive, and non-credible. We do not currently know whether funders provide guidance on how to select a journal in which to publish funded health research.
Methods: We identified the largest 46 philanthropic, public, development assistance, public-p...
The methods and results of systematic reviews should be reported in sufficient detail to allow users to assess the trustworthiness and applicability of the review findings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was developed to facilitate transparent and complete reporting of systematic reviews an...
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update t...
Matthew Page and co-authors describe PRISMA 2020, an updated reporting guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
COVID-19 has disproportionately placed women in academic science on the frontlines of domestic and clinical care compared to men. As a result, women in science are publishing less and potentially acquiring less funding during COVID-19 than compared to before. This widens the pre-existing gap between men and women in prevailing, publication-based me...
Background
The Campbell Collaboration undertakes systematic reviews of the effects of social and economic policies (interventions) to help policymakers, practitioners, and the public to make well‐informed decisions about policy interventions. In 2010, the Cochrane Collaboration and the Campbell Collaboration developed a voluntary co‐registration po...
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update t...
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did, and what they found. Over the past decade, advances in systematic review methodology and terminology have necessitated an update t...
Background: Funded health research is being published in journals that many regard as “predatory”, deceptive, and non-credible. We do not currently know whether funders provide guidance on how to select a journal in which to publish funded health research.
Methods: We identified the largest 46 philanthropic, public, development assistance, public-p...
Objectives
To describe the processes used to update the PRISMA 2009 statement for reporting systematic reviews, present results of a survey conducted to inform the update, summarise decisions made at the PRISMA update meeting, and describe and justify changes made to the guideline.
Methods
We reviewed 60 documents with reporting guidance for syste...
Background: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) Statement, published in 2009, was designed to help systematic reviewers transparently report why the review was done, what the authors did and what they found. Over the last decade, there have been many advances in systematic review methodology and terminolo...
The methods and results of systematic reviews should be reported in sufficient detail to allow users to assess the trustworthiness and applicability of the review findings. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was developed to facilitate transparent and complete reporting of systematic reviews an...
Objectives: To describe the processes used to update the PRISMA 2009 statement for reporting systematic reviews, present results of a survey conducted to inform the update, summarise decisions made at the PRISMA update meeting, and describe and justify changes made to the guideline.Methods: We reviewed 60 documents with reporting guidance for syste...
This is a protocol for a co‐registered Cochrane and Campbell Review (Methodology). The objectives are as follows: To identify, describe and assess methods for: when to replicate a systematic review; how to replicate a systematic review.
Background:
When a journal receives a duplicate publication, the ability to identify the submitted work as previously published, and reject it, is an assay to publication ethics best practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate how three different types of journals, namely open access (OA) journals, subscription-based journals, and presumed pr...
Purpose
Trustworthy reporting of quadrivalent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine trials is the foundation for assessing the vaccine’s risks and benefits. However, several pivotal trial publications incompletely reported important methodological details and inaccurately described the formulation that the control arms received. Under the Restoring In...
Randomised clinical trials are the preferred method for establishing average intervention effects for groups. Using key methodological elements of these trials, n-of-1 trials provide rigorous evidence of intervention effects for individuals. N-of-1 trials are particularly useful for situations where randomised clinical trials are not always feasibl...
Background: When a journal receives a duplicate publication the ability to identify the submitted work as previously published, and reject it, is an assay to publication ethics best practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate how three different types of journals, namely open access (OA) journals, subscription-based journals, and presumed pred...
Objectives:
To generate a comprehensive bank of systematic review (SR) reporting items to inform an update of the PRISMA 2009 statement.
Methods:
We searched the EQUATOR Network library in May 2019 to identify all reporting guidelines for SRs that were published after 2009, regardless of the scope of the guideline. We also conducted a selective...
There is substantial evidence that research studies reported in the scientific literature do not provide adequate information so that readers know exactly what was done and what was found. This problem has been addressed by the development of reporting guidelines which tell authors what should be reported and how it should be described. Many report...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the single-case reporting guideline in behavioural intervent...
Background
The International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) was launched in February 2011 to increase transparency of systematic reviews (SRs). There have been few investigations of the content and use of the database. We aimed to investigate the number of PROSPERO registrations from inception to 2017, and website usage in th...
Complete and transparent reporting is imperative when assessing the validity of reported treatment effects and other findings of health research. A study’s methods should be described in enough detail so that they can be replicated, the analyses should follow the protocol, and the results should be provided in sufficient detail to be incorporated i...
p>Predatory journals are a global and growing problem contaminating all domains of science. A coordinated response by all stakeholders (researchers, institutions, funders, regulators and patients) will be needed to stop the influence of these illegitimate journals.</p
Objectives:
To investigate the application and interpretation of statistical analyses in a cross-section of systematic reviews (SRs) of therapeutic interventions, without restriction by journal, clinical condition, or specialty.
Study design and setting:
We evaluated a random sample of SRs assembled previously, which were indexed in MEDLINE® dur...
Background
Scientific editors are responsible for deciding which articles to publish in their journals. However, we have not found documentation of their required knowledge, skills, and characteristics, or the existence of any formal core competencies for this role.
Methods
We describe the development of a minimum set of core competencies for scie...
Objective:
To characterize methodological conduct, reporting, and quality of five knowledge synthesis (KS) approaches.
Study design:
Retrospective analysis of a convenience sample of 5 published databases: overview of reviews (n=74), scoping reviews (n=494), rapid reviews (n=84), systematic reviews (n=300), and network meta-analyses (NMA; n=456)...
Objectives:
To evaluate how often reproducible research practices, which allow others to recreate the findings of studies, given the original data, are used in systematic reviews (SRs) of biomedical research.
Study design and setting:
We evaluated a random sample of SRs indexed in MEDLINE® during February 2014, which focused on a therapeutic int...
Background: Scientific editors (i.e., those who make decisions on the content and policies of a journal) have a central role in the editorial process at biomedical journals. However, very little is known about the training needs of these editors or what competencies are required to perform effectively in this role.
Methods: We conducted a survey of...
The dataset lists all of the training needs named by participants (regrouped into categories of similar items) in their respective lists of top 10 training needs from the survey of editors.
The dataset is a summary of the data collected over the three rounds of the Delphi process. We considered items with 80% consensus of 4 or higher (out of 5) as "Included". and items with 90% consensus of 4.5 or higher as "Highly Ranked".
Background
The scholarly publication landscape is changing rapidly. We investigated whether the introduction of an institutional publications officer might help facilitate better knowledge of publication topics and related resources, and effectively support researchers to publish.
Methods
In September 2015, a purpose-built survey about researchers...
Description of study measures used and corresponding raw (anonymous) participant data.
Well-written and transparent case reports (1) reveal early signals of potential benefits, harms, and information on the use of resources; (2) provide information for clinical research and clinical practice guidelines (CPGs), and (3) inform medical education. High-quality case reports are more likely when authors follow reporting guidelines.
During...
Objective:
Research waste has received considerable attention from the biomedical community. One noteworthy contributor is incomplete reporting in research publications. When detailing statistical methods and results, ensuring analytic methods and findings are completely documented improves transparency. For publications describing randomised tria...
Background
The Internet has transformed scholarly publishing, most notably, by the introduction of open access publishing. Recently, there has been a rise of online journals characterized as ‘predatory’, which actively solicit manuscripts and charge publications fees without providing robust peer review and editorial services. We carried out a cros...
Background: Well-written and transparent case reports (1) reveal early signals of potential benefits, harms, and information on the use
of resources; (2) provide information for clinical research and clinical practice guidelines, and (3) inform medical education. High-quality
case reports are more likely when authors follow reporting guidelines. Du...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
Unlabelled:
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhaviou...
Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012). Many such guidelines exist, and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008) provides suitable guidance for reporting between-groups interve...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012). Many such guidelines exist and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008) provides suitable guidance for reporting between-groups interven...
Background
The CONsolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement provides a minimum standard set of items to be reported in published clinical trials; it has received widespread recognition within the biomedical publishing community. This research aims to provide an update on the endorsement of CONSORT by high impact medical journals....
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
Screening and data extraction forms.
(DOCX)
Background:
Systematic reviews (SRs) can help decision makers interpret the deluge of published biomedical literature. However, a SR may be of limited use if the methods used to conduct the SR are flawed, and reporting of the SR is incomplete. To our knowledge, since 2004 there has been no cross-sectional study of the prevalence, focus, and comple...
Supplementary results.
(DOCX)
Scientific abstract:
Reporting guidelines, such as the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement, improve the reporting of research in the medical literature (Turner et al., 2012). Many such guidelines exist and the CONSORT Extension to Nonpharmacological Trials (Boutron et al., 2008) provides suitable guidance for reporting b...
Single-case experimental design (SCED) studies in the behavioral sciences literature are not only common, but their proportion has also increased over past decades. Moreover, methodological complexity of SCEDs and sophistication in the techniques used to analyze SCED data has increased apace. Yet recent reviews of the behavioral sciences literature...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
Objectives:
To summarize the methods of design, analysis and meta-analysis used in N-of-1 trials.
Study design and setting:
Electronic search for English language articles published from 1950-2013. N-of-1 trials were selected if they followed an ABAB design, and if they assessed a health intervention for a medical condition. Elements of design,...
We developed a reporting guideline to provide authors with guidance about what should be reported when writing a paper for publication in a scientific journal using a particular type of research design: the single-case experimental design. This report describes the methods used to develop the Single-Case Reporting guideline In BEhavioural intervent...
Background:
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric conditions affecting children and adolescents. Amphetamines are among the most commonly prescribed medications to manage ADHD. There are three main classes of amphetamines: dexamphetamine, lisdexamphetamine and mixed amphetamine salts, which can be fu...
Background
Biomedical journals are the main route for disseminating the results of health-related research. Despite this, their editors operate largely without formal training or certification. To our knowledge, no body of literature systematically identifying core competencies for scientific editors of biomedical journals exists. Therefore, we aim...
N-of-1 trials provide a mechanism for making evidence-based treatment decisions for an individual patient. They use key methodological elements of group clinical trials to evaluate treatment effectiveness in a single patient, for situations that cannot always accommodate large-scale trials: rare diseases, comorbid conditions, or in patients using c...
N-of-1 trials are a useful tool for clinicians who want to determine the effectiveness of a treatment in a particular individual. The reporting of N-of-1 trials has been variable and incomplete, hindering their usefulness in clinical decision making and by future researchers. This document presents the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting T...
Transparent reporting of all research is essential for assessing the validity of any study. Reporting guidelines are available and endorsed for many types of research but are lacking for clinical pharmacokinetic studies. Such tools promote the consistent reporting of a minimal set of information for end users, and facilitate knowledge translation o...
Systematic reviews should build on a protocol that describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review; few reviews report whether a protocol exists. Detailed, well-described protocols can facilitate the understanding and appraisal of the review methods, as well as the detection of modifications to methods and selective reporting...
Protocols of systematic reviews and meta-analyses allow for planning and documentation of review methods, act as a guard against arbitrary decision making during review conduct, enable readers to assess for the presence of selective reporting against completed reviews, and, when made publicly available, reduce duplication of efforts and potentially...
Systematic reviews should build on a protocol that describes the rationale, hypothesis, and planned methods of the review; few reviews report whether a protocol exists. Detailed, well-described protocols can facilitate the understanding and appraisal of the review methods, as well as the detection of modifications to methods and selective reporting...
Whether an N-of-1 trial is undertaken to inform a particular clinical decision or to test a hypothesis, publishing it in the professional literature may inform other clinical decisions and contribute to the research evidence base. A well-reported N-of-1 trial will provide the transparency needed for readers to critically appraise the work and deter...
Background:
Fatigue is one of many unintended consequences of shift work in the nursing profession. Natural health products (NHPs) for fatigue are becoming an increasingly popular topic of clinical study; one such NHP is Rhodiola rosea. A well-designed, rigorously conducted randomized controlled trial is required before therapeutic claims for this...
Objective To investigate the effectiveness of open peer review as a mechanism to improve the reporting of randomised trials published in biomedical journals.
Design Retrospective before and after study.
Setting BioMed Central series medical journals.
Sample 93 primary reports of randomised trials published in BMC-series medical journals in 2012.
Ma...
Objective To assess whether the completeness of reporting of health research is related to journals’ endorsement of reporting guidelines.
Design Systematic review.
Data sources Reporting guidelines from a published systematic review and the EQUATOR Network (October 2011). Studies assessing the completeness of reporting by using an included reportin...
Introduction Reporting Issues in Clinical Trials Moral Obligation to Improve the Reporting of Trials Consequences of Poor Reporting of Trials Distinguishing Between Methodological and Reporting Issues One Solution to Poor Reporting: CONSORT 2010 and CONSORT Extensions Impact of CONSORT Guidance for Reporting Randomized Trial Protocols: SPIRIT Trial...
Biomedical research and development is a multi-billiondollar industry that is failing to produce high-quality usablereports of research methods and findings. Poor reporting ofresearch is serious, leading to a waste of investment inresearch, resources, and especially in data from patientsparticipating in research who assume they are makinguseful cont...
Background
The Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) Statement is intended to facilitate better reporting of randomised clinical trials (RCTs). A systematic review recently published in the Cochrane Library assesses whether journal endorsement of CONSORT impacts the completeness of reporting of RCTs; those findings are summarised her...
Background:
An overwhelming body of evidence stating that the completeness of reporting of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) is not optimal has accrued over time. In the mid-1990s, in response to these concerns, an international group of clinical trialists, statisticians, epidemiologists, and biomedical journal editors developed the CONsolidated...
• Limited but positive findings have been reported for massage therapy and music in preterm neurodevelopment, whereas long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids present contradictory evidence with some trial data revealing gender effects. Further studies involving well-controlled or sham trials with definite end points would be helpful. • Overall, in t...
Background
Reporting of health research is often inadequate and incomplete. Complete and transparent reporting is imperative to enable readers to assess the validity of research findings for use in healthcare and policy decision-making. To this end, many guidelines, aimed at improving the quality of health research reports, have been developed for...
Appendix 3. PRESS EBC Search Submission.
Appendix 1. EQUATOR network Pubmed Reporting Guidelines Search Strategy.
Appendix 2. MEDLINE search strategy for evaluations of reporting guidelines with acronyms. Searches were tailored to search EMBASE and the Cochrane Methodology Register. Searches for remaining reporting guidelines were conducted in Scopus.
To the Editor: Drs Djulbegovic and Paul argued that a growing number of important clinical questions are being left unanswered by efficacy research.1 For instance, patients with comorbid conditions and concurrent medications are largely excluded from clinical trials because they may dilute the observed treatment effect. However, these complexities...
• Preliminary evidence suggests possible positive effects of neurofeedback, PUFA, gingko biloba, chiropractic, and music in the treatment of LD, but more rigorous data are needed.
Airway infection leads to progressive damage of the lungs in cystic fibrosis (CF), partly due to oxidative stress. Supplementation of antioxidant micronutrients (vitamin E, vitamin C, ß-carotene and selenium) may help maintain an oxidant-antioxidant balance. Current literature suggests a relationship between oxidative status and lung function.
To s...
Worldwide, diarrheal diseases rank second among conditions that afflict children. Despite the disease burden, there is limited consensus on how to define and measure pediatric acute diarrhea in trials.
In RCTs of children involving acute diarrhea as the primary outcome, we documented (1) how acute diarrhea and its resolution were defined, (2) all p...
Research suggests that melatonin appears to be efficacious in ameliorating SOL in both primary and secondary sleep disorders in children. Overall, melatonin appears to be safe in children who do not have contraindicated conditions or medications at doses between 0.5 and 7.5 mg before bedtime, with a low occurrence of mild adverse effects. Depending...
Studies of pediatric resident career plans and preferences help to forecast changes in the demographic profile and practice patterns of North American pediatricians, providing insights that can guide child health care and medical education policy making. With this study we aimed to compare 4 aspects of Canadian pediatric resident career plans in 19...
H.pylori infection and its link to stomach cancer are developing health concerns for members of northern communities and their health care providers. Aklavik, Northwest Territories, a remote community in Canada's Arctic (population~=600), is accessible only by air, and seasonally by ice road or boat.
The Aklavik H.pylori project is a multi-phase...
Citations
... The title registration and the protocol (Wang et al., 2019) for this systematic review were published in Campbell Systematic Reviews on 22 January 2019. ...
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... It was found that reproducible research practices are uncommon in SRs, and thus limiting the possibility of testing for reproducibility [5]. Others dealt with single steps of conducting SRs. ...
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... The comparative effectiveness was evaluated using the NMA methodology via combining direct and indirect evidence for all relative treatment effects. First, we summarized the geometry of the network of evidence using network plots 19 . Second, the NMA for assessing the comparative efficacy or acceptability was conducted using contrast-based methods. ...
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... The mean overall CONSORT and NPT scores (e.g., the full score is 52), and massage-specific scores (e.g., the full score is 16) were calculated by subgroups and recorded as mean and standard deviations (SD). As indicated in the previous studies, the development of reporting guideline is closely related to the reporting quality of clinical trials [17]. Some scholars have identified that the publish year of guideline and types of journals (e.g., various in the reporting requirements and endorsement degree of the guideline) are the most essential and direct factors related to reporting quality [18,19]. ...
... Despite this, the REFLECT statement has not been adopted to anywhere near the same extent in agriculture as its parent approach (CONSORT) has in health and medicine. Indeed, the CONSORT statement has been cited more than 8000 times (Eldridge et al., 2016), and its use is associated with an improvement in the quality of reporting of RCTs in these fields (Turner et al., 2011). In medicine, poorly designed and/or reported RCTs can lead to overestimation of the treatment effect, diminished quality of pooled analyses (e.g., meta-analyses), and impaired clinical practice decisions (cf. ...
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... Further, the absence of a systematic review method results in serious drawbacks in the quality of review findings (Karunananthan, Maxwell, & Welch, 2020). Systematic reviews have greater potential than other research designs leading to the reproducibility of research (Shokraneh & Adams, 2019). ...
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... Published systematic reviews [12,13] and pairwise meta-analyses [14][15][16][17] on previous RCTs [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] claimed that triple therapy in FDCs, e.g., BDP/FF/G, FF/UMEC/VI and Even if there were no uncovered large-scale RCTs, the past systematic reviews and metaanalyses should be revisited as they were not fully (albeit claimed to be) compliant with the PRISMA 2009 statement [28], let alone PRISMA-NMA statement [29] and PRISMA 2020 statement [30]. They did not meet essential requirements for meta-analysis, e.g., protocol registration [13,16,17], assessment of the study quality by Cochrane risk of bias tool version 2 (RoB 2) [13,31], evidence strength evaluation by the Grades of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) [12,13,16,17,32], and statistical analyses such as subgroup analysis and publication bias [12-14, 16, 17]. ...
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... Ultimately, research e-training programs should be implemented not only for journal editors and reviewers, but also for researchers and students. [74] High quality and reliable abstracts are part of the research code of conduct for research integrity [75] and aspect of ethical principles on research. [76] Abstracts of RCTs and SRs can be the only available source for healthcare professionals [4 , 77 , 78] and decision makers, therefore they can be harmful if poorly reported or misled. ...
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... One of us (KDC) serves in a consulting role at our institution providing outreach and one-on-one support for publishing. 9 The demand for this service has been significant. Analogous roles have been implemented elsewhere, but support at the tail end of the research process remains uncommon. ...
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... It is evident that there is a major lack of cross-fertilization in citation of the medical and the social science intervention research literatures. In particular, and with few exceptions, such as the international work of Tate et al. [10,11], there is a decisive failure of behavioral science researchers to cite and adopt advances in medical researchers' N-of-1 research design methodology, measurement, and data analyses -and, as was alluded to above, vice versa with respect to the implementation of single-case intervention designs (SCIDs) in medical intervention research. ...
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