October 2008
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22 Reads
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
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October 2008
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22 Reads
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
July 2008
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74 Reads
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47 Citations
Journal of Cleaner Production
Biological nutrients have been defined as non-hazardous biodegradable materials and products of biodegradation processes. Changes in the concentrations of so-defined biological nutrients have ecological effects and high concentrations may have a negative impact on human health. This implies that there are no wastes or emissions derived from biological materials, which are ecologically irrelevant. Nor are such wastes intrinsically good or healthy.
April 2008
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164 Reads
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117 Citations
Journal of Cleaner Production
Biogenic emissions of carbonaceous greenhouse gases and N2O turn out to be important determinants of life cycle emissions of greenhouse gases linked to the life cycle of biodiesel from European rapeseed and Brazilian soybeans. For biodiesel from European rapeseed and for biodiesel from Brazilian soybeans grown for up to 25 years with no tillage on arable soil for which tropical rainforest or Cerrado (savannah) have been cleared, the life cycle emissions of greenhouse gases are estimated to be worse than for conventional diesel. Improving agricultural practices should be an important focus for cleaner production of biodiesel. These may include increasing soil carbon stocks by, e.g., conservation tillage and return of harvest residues and improving N-efficiency by precision agriculture and/or improved irrigation practices.
April 2008
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43 Reads
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81 Citations
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Photocatalytically active titania (TiO2) nanoparticles are applied, and considered for application, in the degradation of hazardous substances. However, these nanoparticles are also hazardous by themselves. High efficiency immobilization of TiO2 nanoparticles on large inorganic supports that are not vulnerable to photocatalytic degradation is conducive to hazard reduction. Immobilization should also aim at minimizing the release of TiO2 nanoparticles from such supports due to attrition. In doing so there may be a trade off between hazard and photocatalytic activity.
February 2008
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260 Reads
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53 Citations
Resources Conservation and Recycling
In decision making about the use of residues from annual crops for ethanol production, alternative applications of these residues should be considered. Especially important is the use of such residues for stabilizing and increasing levels of soil organic carbon. Such alternative use leads to a limited scope for residue removal from the field. Scope for removal of residues from annual crops can however, ceteris paribus, be increased when such crops generate relatively large amounts of biomass. Also selecting residues that contain relatively high levels of available cellulose and hemicellulose for removal or returning suitable ‘waste’ from processing crop residues that is rich in refractory compounds such as lignin to the field may increase scope for removal of crop residues for ethanol production.
December 2007
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191 Reads
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85 Citations
Journal of Cleaner Production
Crop derived biofuels such as (bio)ethanol are increasingly applied for automotive purposes. They have, however, a relatively low efficiency in converting solar energy into automotive power. The outcome of life cycle studies concerning ethanol as to fossil fuel inputs and greenhouse gas emissions associated with such inputs depend strongly on the assumptions made regarding e.g. allocation, inclusion of upstream processes and estimates of environmentally relevant in- and outputs. Peer reviewed studies suggest that CO2 emissions linked to life cycle fossil fuel input are typically about 2.1–3.0 kg CO2 kg−1 starch-derived ethanol. When biofuel production involves agricultural practices that are common in Europe there are net losses of carbon from soil and emissions of the greenhouse gas N2O. Dependent on choices regarding allocation, they may, for wheat (starch) be in the order of 0.6–2.5 kg CO2 equivalent kg−1 of ethanol. This makes ethanol derived from starch, or sugar crops, in Europe still less attractive for mitigating climate change. In case of wheat, changes in agricultural practice may reduce or reverse carbon loss from soils. When biofuel production from crops leads to expansion of cropland while reducing forested areas or grassland, added impetus will be given to climate change.
June 2007
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36 Reads
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11 Citations
Powder Technology
Glidant nanoparticles used in the production of pharmaceuticals and foods may have biological effects. Such biological effects may affect organs of workers and consumers and may well be different for particles that have a similar performance as glidant.
March 2007
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688 Reads
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57 Citations
Progress in Photovoltaics Research and Applications
This paper presents an environmental comparison based on life cycle assessment (LCA) of the production under average European circumstances and use in The Netherlands of modules based on two kinds of III–V solar cells in an early development stage: a thin-film gallium arsenide (GaAs) cell and a thin-film gallium-indium phosphide/gallium arsenide (GaInP/GaAs) tandem cell. A more general comparison of these modules with the common multicrystalline silicon (multi-Si) module is also included. The evaluation of the both III–V systems is made for a limited industrial production scale of 0·1 MWp per year, compared to a scale of about 10 MWp per year for the multi-Si system. The here considered III–V cells allow for reuse of the GaAs wafers that are required for their production. The LCA indicates that the overall environmental impact of the production of the III–V modules is larger than the impact of the common multi-Si module production; per category their scores have the same order of magnitude. For the III–V systems the metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) process is the main contributor to the primary energy consumption. The energy payback times of the thin-film GaAs and GaInP/GaAs modules are 5·0 and 4·6 years, respectively. For the multi-Si module an energy payback time of 4·2 years is found. The results for the III–V modules have an uncertainty up to approximately 40%. The highly comparable results for the III–V systems and the multi-Si system indicate that from an environmental point of view there is a case for further development of both III–V systems. Copyright
February 2007
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126 Reads
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150 Citations
Building and Environment
Application of phosphogypsum, coal combustion ashes and waste incineration ashes in building materials has been limited by the presence of minor components that are hazardous, such as radioactive substances, chlorinated dioxins and heavy metals, or have a negative impact on product quality or production economics, such as phosphate, fluoride, carbon and chloride. Source reduction, destruction of persistent organics and separation techniques may reduce the concentrations of such components. With a few exceptions, separation techniques currently lead to significantly higher (private) costs. Higher waste disposal costs, tighter regulations and higher prices for competing virgin minerals could make the use of the purified phosphogypsum and ashes in building materials more attractive.
December 2006
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124 Reads
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212 Citations
Journal of Cleaner Production
Though it has been claimed that nanotechnology has great potential for cleaner technology, caution is required as to application of nanoparticles (<100 nm). Studies relevant to human exposure have shown that nanoparticles can be hazardous. Manufactured nanoparticles may also have ecotoxicological effects after discharge into water.There is a case to limit human exposure to nanoparticles originating in production. As traditional ‘end-of-pipe’ technology has limited effectiveness in capturing nanoparticles, source reduction is important for the limitation of exposure during production. With regard to products, it seems important to distinguish between applications that are inherently dispersive and applications that are not inherently dispersive. In case of dispersive applications, alternatives and ‘built in’ hazard reduction merit consideration. Hazard reduction may be possible by e.g. limiting biopersistence, arranging for low toxicity of degradation products or surface modification. When nanoparticles are applied in a way that is not inherently dispersive, controlling the size of particles that originate due to cleaning, wear, tear and corrosion is important.
... However, the energyintensive nature of smart grid equipment and AI models results in significant electricity consumption and CO 2 emissions [45]. Studies like [46] indicate that the integration of smart devices in grids may not always lead to a reduction in CO 2 emissions from a life cycle assessment (LCA) perspective [47]. ...
July 2024
... Energy recovery is the preferred management method when plastic sorting is too difficult or too expensive during recycling, as mixed plastic wastes still provide a high LCV of 30-40 MJ kg −1 , which is comparable to the LCV of coal [50,114,118]. Incineration produces waste products, bottom ash, and fly ash, and their amounts and compositions can vary depending on the waste composition and the incineration technology used [119,120]. Typically, these waste products are placed in landfills due to their toxicity, but bottom ash has been re-used in road reconstruction [119,121]. ...
February 2018
... Moreover, alternative thermoplastics with lower emission profiles will be investigated as part of the effort to improve the sustainability of this technology. In addition, specific attention will be given to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly carbon dioxide (CO2), which significantly contributes to climate change [3,4]. Strategies to minimize GHG emissions during processing will include optimizing thermal degradation conditions and exploring materials with lower carbon footprints. ...
May 2021
... Попытка обоснования безотходного производства меди с упором на восстановление дефицитных сопутствующих элементов была выдвинута в исследовании Л. Рейндерса [30], однако проблематика обработки шлака и поведения CuS или остатков обработки CuS в окружающей среде не была освещена. ...
November 2021
Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review
... Several companies, such as Sapphire Energy, Algenol, and Seambiotic, have successfully scaled up the production of bioethanol from algal biomass to a commercial level, achieving an annual output of 1 billion gallons. The production costs are reported to be approximately 85 cents per litre [174]. ...
May 2021
Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)
... Unfortunately, there is no systematic and comprehensive overview of substitutability for any precious metal, or in our particular case, for copper (Reijnders, 2021). ...
October 2020
Journal of Cleaner Production
... Hence, it is expected that an integration of design synthesis and safety assessment will foster particles safer-by-design by considering both applications and later safety/hazard implications (Morose, 2010;Lin et al., 2018). Proposed strategies to reduce hazard for particles comprise coating, control of size, doping, managing shape and crystallinity, reducing the presence of substances at the surface of particles that contribute to hazard, reduced persistence, and substitution (Geraci et al., 2015;Reijnders, 2020). Until today, a few safer-bydesign strategies that have been implemented to make safer metal oxide, carbon-based, silica, and rare Earth oxide nanoparticles. ...
January 2020
... This aligns with the need for evidence-based tools to evaluate CE performance, particularly in industrial waste valorization. Their emphasis on quantifiable metrics could enhance Thailand's ability to track progress in integrating industrial waste streams into CE frameworks [30]. ...
February 2019
Resources Conservation and Recycling
... Oil palm plantations are expanding in Mexico and other tropical areas of the world, with significant environmental and social impacts (Khatun et al., 2017;Heidari et al., 2020). Among the environmental effects, there is a large body of information on the reduction of biodiversity in oil palm plantations compared to the biodiversity observed in conserved forests (e.g., Fitzherbert et al., 2008;Danielsen et al., 2009;Savilaakso et al., 2014;Vijay et al., 2016;Mendes-Oliveira et al., 2017). However, very little is known about the effect of introducing oil palm in a landscape already dominated by induced grasslands and other crops (Gilroy et al., 2015;Whitfield et al., 2016), as is the case of Mexico. ...
February 2009
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science
... Although the mapping of tropical evergreen forests is operational to a certain extent [125], the mapping of dry-forest ecosystems or degradation hotspots is still a difficult task due to their high spectral variability, both spatially and throughout the dry season [51,331]. Few approaches exist for bridging local forest degradation processes to landscape observations [81], and a review clearly shows that the main limitation has been the insufficient frequency of observations to capture vegetation dynamics [27]. Other difficulties include radiometric variations due to atmospheric conditions and errors and inconsistencies in human-provided class labels [276]. ...
February 2009
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science