L. R. Batra’s research while affiliated with Utah State University and other places

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Publications (4)


The mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees (Apoidea)
  • Article

September 1973

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38 Reads

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149 Citations

Mycopathologia

L. R. Batra

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G. E. Bohart

Fungi including yeasts are common in the honey stomachs and provisions of diverse bees. They may be parasites, commensals or mutualistic. Yeasts, singly or in association with bacteria, are pioneer colonizers during a microbial succession in larval cells of many subterranean bees. They are followed by fungi such asAspergillus, Penicillium, Emericellopsis, Sartorya, Pseudoarachniotus, Gymnoascus, Carpenteles andFusarium. Aspergillus flavus andSaccharomyces spp. are pathogenic to many species of bees, and fungi are the main cause of declining alkali bee populations. There are 124 species of fungi, including 36 new records, associated with Apoidea; 49 species are associated with alkali bees.


Fig. 9. Provision with Saccharomyces sp. colonies below (white areas), and Aspergillus flavus above. Fig. 10. Provisions with Saccharomyces sp. colonies. Fig. 11. Provision in cell surrounded by colonies of Sac~haromyces sp.
Figs. 18--21, F u n g i associated with t h e alkali bee. Fig. 18. dscosphaera sp. growing on wail of prepupal cell. Fig. 19. Dead adult female holding onto provisions in cell, infested b y (?) Trichothecium roseum two days after a h e a v y rain. Fig. 20. Full grown larva being attacked by Fusariz~m sp. Note darkening of anterior third. Fig. 21. N o r m a l p r e p u p a in cell, s u r r o u n d e d b y Trichothecium roseum and an actinomycete.
Figs 22--25. Microorganisms associated with the alkali bee. Fig. 22. Actinomycete growing on lining of prepupal cell. Fig. 23. Bloa.ted, moribund large larva that has been feeding on Sacchmrom2/ces sp. infested provision. Fig. 24. Discolored, large larva that apparently died of constipation after eating an Aspergillus flavus infested provision. Fig. 25. Shrivelled prepupa infected by Fusarium moniliforme (late stage).
THE MYCOFLORA OF DOMESTICATED AND WILD BEES (APOIDEA)
  • Article
  • Full-text available

January 1973

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335 Reads

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15 Citations

Fungi including yeasts are common in the honey stomachs and provisions of diverse bees. They may be parasites, commensals or mutualistic. Yeasts, singly or in association with bacteria, are pioneer colonizers during a microbial succession in larval cells of many subterranean bees. They are followed by fungi such as Asper-gilIus, Penicillium, Emericellopsis, Sartorya, Pseudoarachniotus, Gymnoascus, Carpenteles and Fusarium. Aspergillus flavus and Saccharomyces spp. are pathogenic to many species of bees, and fungi are the main cause of declining alkali bee populations. There are 124 species of fungi, including 86 new records, associated with Apoidea; 49 species are associated with alkali bees.

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The mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees (Apoidea)

January 1973

·

3 Reads

Fungi including yeasts are common in the honey stomachs and provisions of diverse bees. They may be parasites, commensals or mutualistic. Yeasts, singly or in association with bacteria, are pioneer colonizers during a microbial succession in larval cells of many subterranean bees. They are followed by fungi such as AspergilIus, Peniciflium, Emericellopsis, Sartorya, Pseudoarachniotus, Gymnoascus, Carpenteles and Fusarium. Aspergillus flavus and Saccharomyces spp. are pathogenic to many species of bees, and fungi are the main cause of declining alkali bee populations. There are 124 species of fungi, including 86 new records, associated with Apoidea; 49 species are associated with alkali bees.


Termites and Soils

September 1972

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38 Reads

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351 Citations

Citations (3)


... It is likely that the fungi present in the brood cells use plant cells as hosts, P. bialowiezense (Frisvad and Samson, 2004) and Cladosporium (Bensch et al., 2012), are likley either utilizing the bee habitat and pollen provisions as sustenance or using the bees as transport to new hosts. In a study of the mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees, Batra et al. (1973) found that larval mortality is regularly caused by a progression of soil microbes and that fungi tend to be secondary invaders which overtake the cell once the larva is already dead. ...

Reference:

Non-target effects of agri-environmental schemes on solitary bees and fungi in the United Kingdom
THE MYCOFLORA OF DOMESTICATED AND WILD BEES (APOIDEA)

... Any termite, fungi or other invertebrate damage was noted before blocks were placed into paper bags until they could be transported to the lab for processing. In the lab, we separated carton (organic material produced by termites; Lee & Wood, 1971) and soil that was imported by termites before weighing the remaining wood. We considered blocks discovered by termites if we found termites, imported soil, carton or termite galleries and undiscovered (regardless of treatment TE or TA) if they lacked these signs. ...

Termites and Soils
  • Citing Article
  • September 1972

... Honey bees are associated with 25 Aspergillus species, independent of the disease stonebrood, although some of their descriptions are old and, therefore, possibly outdated [26]. Various species from the Fumigati, Flavi, and Nigri sections are responsible for the clinical picture of stonebrood [1][2][3][4]11,27]. Aspergillus flavus (section Flavi) is most frequently described in connection with stonebrood disease and has the highest virulence [1- 4,11]. ...

The mycoflora of domesticated and wild bees (Apoidea)
  • Citing Article
  • September 1973

Mycopathologia