L J Wolfram’s scientific contributions

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Publications (1)

Percutaneous Penetration of Hair Dyes
  • Article
  • Full-text available

February 1985

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654 Reads

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88 Citations

Archives of Dermatological Research

L J Wolfram

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Scalp penetration of diaminoanisole (DAA), p-phenylenediamine (PPD), and N4,N4-Bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)-N'-methyl-2-nitro-p-phenylenediamine (HC Blue #1) that occurs under conditions of hair dye usage was evaluated for both Rhesus monkey and man using 14C labeled materials. Both specieis showed a remarkably similar pattern of dye penetration. Thus the average dose excretion of DAA in the Rhesus monkey was 0.02% and in man 0.015%; PPD excretion in monkey and man was 0.14%; and HC Blue #1 excretion in the monkey was 0.12% and in man, 0.09%.

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Citations (1)

... Skin penetration rates range from 0.1% to 0.2% of the applied dose. 96,97 Animal studies show that PPD is highly toxic when ingested (LD 50 100 mg/kg in dogs) with reports of rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and death in humans with accidental or intentional ingestion. 96,98,99 Studies suggest that when encountered topically, PPD is metabolized through the skin through N-acetyl-transferase-1. 96,100 When ingested, it is hepatically transformed into N-acetyl metabolites. ...

Reference:

Toxic Ingredients in Personal Care Products: A Dermatological Perspective
Percutaneous Penetration of Hair Dyes

Archives of Dermatological Research

L J Wolfram

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