L Gallottini's research while affiliated with Sapienza University of Rome and other places

... The adhesive mode of failure in WVC could be attributed to the sealer not being compacted against the root canal wall. Guttacore's predominant failure mode was cohesive; this could be because the thermoplastic Gutta-percha pierced the dentinal tubules, resulting in well-adapted root obturation, or it could be due to the composition of GuttaCore, which is composed of two layers of Gutta-percha: an inner cross-linked layer and a flowable outer layer (24) . ...

... Consistent with what has been observed in other European countries [4][5][6][7], the quality of endodontic treatments performed by Italian general dentists is, in many cases, suboptimal [8][9][10]; a possible reason could be the insufficient acquisition of adequate knowledge and technical skill during undergraduate training. ...

... In addition studies have shown that canal irregularities were filled with both the sealer and gutta-percha with the carrier based obturation techniques demonstrating greater GP adaptation to the intricacies of the root canal system (Bhandi, 2013). Also the carrier based obturation technique possesses a very good quality of compression and fluency that allows the penetration of gutta-percha with the formation of numerous of guttapercha tags inside the dentinal tubules and good seal of the endodontic space (Migliau et al, 2014). Moreover, SEM findings at the 4-mm sectioned canal level, that specimens obturated with GuttaCore carriers were completely gap-free and void-free (Li et al, 2014), this results is in agreement with (Hwang et al, 2015). ...

... The precise orientation about the anatomy of root canals may be a leading cause of treatment failure in endodontics [1]. Hence, a profound and correct experience about the regular and variable root canal system anatomy is crucial for successful endodontic therapy [2]. Several studies were performed to explore maxillary first premolar teeth' root and canal morphology; those studies showed significant alterations according to ancestry and geographic origins [3][4][5][6]. ...

... Root canal wall was evaluated using SEM photomicrograph at 1500× magnification. Cleanliness of root canal wall from the smear layer was then evaluated using a scoring system according to Giovannone, et al. 6 Score 1: None or no more than 25% of the smear layer, or more than 75% of open dentinal tubules. Score 2: There is a smear layer between 25-50%, or 50-75% of open dentinal tubules. ...

... 5 GP has been tested for years with consistent clinical performance. 6,7 It has been produced for various purposes and from various sources. 6,8 GP is obtained from the coagulated dry sap of a tropical plant (Sapotaceae), about 30 meters in height, and could be in Indonesia and other tropics countries like Malaysia, the Philippines, and Brazil. ...

... His skull, which is shown in the figure 1, the fracture was healed; there are speculations on an epidural hematoma, and/ or a subdural hematoma, perhaps causing a temporal syndrome / temporal epilepsy.94,99,[107][108][109] A problem is, that it is not clear, whether the "Skull of Mozart" is really from Mozart, as the number of teeth does not fit.107,[110][111][112][113] ...

... These systems are classified as two-step and one step self etching regardless of the actual numbers of steps involved in the bonding: 1) Two-step self-etching adhesives are based on the separate application of a hydrophilic self-etching primer followed by a hydrophobic bonding resin 2) "onestep" adhesives, combine the self-etching primer and the bonding resin into a single step. However, such "one-step" adhesives may require several applications of the adhesive and thus in reality more steps are necessary for good clinical results (10) . ...

... Dopo aver superato gli esami di Stato per l'abilitazione all'esercizio della Chirurgia dentaria e della Medicina e Chirurgia nello Stato di Pennsylvania, fino al 1901 esercitò la professione a Filadelfia; in questo periodo inventò una nuova leva dentaria, con giunto a sfera cribrosa rigidamente flessibile ( fig. 3). Chiavaro (11). Nel 1904 fu inserito nella Commissione ministeriale per lo studio dell'organizzazione degli studi e della pratica professionale Odontoiatrici in Italia. ...

... European and Asian populations have a similar prevalence; a large population-based study in Japan revealed that prevalence of mild to severe, clinically diagnosed DED in men and women were 12.5% and 21.6%, respectively 2 . There are several recognized risk factors for the development of DED, including aging, female gender, hormonal changes, dietary imbalances (omega-3 essential fatty acids or vitamin A deficiencies), metabolic or immunological disorders and viral infections [3][4][5][6][7] . Also, one of the major factors involved in the onset of dry eye is thought to be the use of visual display terminal (VDT) at work 8 . ...