L. A. Devyatchenko’s research while affiliated with Volgograd State Medical University and other places

Objective: to analyze the anthropometric features of the prosthetic bed and masticatory muscles in patients with complete secondary adentia for planning orthopedic treatment. Material and methods. 63 people participated in the examination, who, according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, were divided into two groups: the first (n=30) — control, the second (n=33) — patients with complete secondary adentia. Ultrasound examination was used to study the structural features of the chewing muscles and prosthetic bed, and the results were compared with a group of healthy individuals. Results. In patients with complete secondary adentia, atrophy of the prosthetic bed mucosa is noted, the average blood flow rate was 9.7±0.8%, which is 2.4 times less than in the control group of 23.4±1.9% (p<0,001). A statistical difference was obtained in determining the area of the chewing muscles at rest and tension — 69.8±2.8%, which is 15.7% less than in the group of healthy people — 80.8±1.8% (p=0.03). The thickness of the prosthetic bed varied from 0.3 mm to 0.5 mm, depending on the location, so the thickness of the prosthetic bed in the anterior part was 0.363±0.01 mm, in the lateral — 0.354±0.01 mm. A2.2-fold decrease in this parameter relative to the control group indicated atrophy of the prosthetic bed mucosa (p=0.03). Conclusion. In patients with complete secondary adentia, there is a decrease in the thickness of the masticatory muscles and prosthetic bed due to the development of atrophic processes of muscle tissue against the background of a decrease in the rate of local blood flow against the background of stagnation.

Leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion of the oral mucosa. The prevalence of this disease has been steadily increasing in the last few years. In addition, it is recommended to distinguish between this condition and other possible lesions with a similar clinical picture. Such a rapid increase in morbidity is associated with bad habits that are gaining popularity. We conducted a screening examination of patients by autologous fluorescence examination of the oral mucosa. Based on the results of the examination, a treatment plan was drawn up for patients, taking into account the risks of malignant transformation. All patients were under dynamic supervision. Based on the results of the study, patients with a history of leukoceratosis should regularly visit a dentist.

INTRODUCTION . Restricted mouth opening, parafunctional activity of the chewing muscles are a symptom of the development of many dental diseases caused by intra- and extra-articular causes. To verify the diagnosis, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound examination, according to the assessment of the dynamics of qualitative and semi-quantitative parameters, it is possible to analyze the results of the treatment according to the BOS principle, which was the purpose of this study. AIM . The aim of the study was to conduct an ultrasound assessment of the structure of the masticatory muscles against the background of relief of myofascial pain syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS . 104 people were examined and treated, the relief of myofascial pain syndrome was carried out using combined treatment – injections of botulinum toxin type A, cross-taping and ozonation of the chewing muscle. Clinical criteria were evaluated – the intensity and duration of pain, the degree of mouth opening. According to the developed ultrasound criteria, the features of the structure of the masticatory muscles, the presence or absence of trigger points with diameter determination were studied. Using qualitative indicators, the length, width and depth of muscle tissue were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS . In patients with myofascial pain syndrome, starting at 14 days and for 6 months, stable positive dynamics was achieved, as evidenced by a statistically significant change in the studied parameters. A correlation was revealed between the degree of mouth opening and changes in the width of the chewing muscles according to the ultrasound method of investigation. The inclusion of this method makes it possible to timely, accurately and non-invasively assess the condition of the chewing muscles, while studying the size changes of which it is possible to adjust the treatment.

Relevance. Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) often progresses to a chronic form that is challenging to treat with established methods. This issue is well known to dentists and frequently leads to frustration despite significant efforts to advance knowledge in the fields of etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy. Most treatment protocols focus on normalizing physiological parameters, such as restoring masticatory function, achieving stable occlusal relationships, alleviating pain, and enhancing the psychological well-being of these patients. Therefore, the need for non-invasive diagnostics to assess functional activity and monitor the condition of masticatory muscles during treatment is crucial. This study aims to address this need. Materials and methods. The examination and treatment of 64 patients with myofascial pain syndrome were conducted in two stages—clinical and electromyographic. During the clinical examination, tenderness of the masticatory muscles during palpation and the degree of mouth opening were assessed. The electromyographic research was also conducted in two stages. The first stage assessed the average amplitude and total biopotential of the masticatory and temporal muscles on both the right and left sides. The second stage evaluated the symmetry index of the masticatory muscles, as well as torsion and masseter indices. The first group received conventional treatment combined with laser therapy, while the second group received ozone therapy and kinesiology taping in addition to the conventional therapy. Results . In the short-term observations over 14 days, both groups achieved positive results. However, patients undergoing ozone therapy and kinesiology taping showed statistically significant improvements in their parameters by the third day of observation compared to their baseline values. Conclusion. For diagnosing this pathology, it is advisable to incorporate electromyography into the examination protocol to allow non-invasive evaluation of the functional activity of the masticatory muscles. For treating myofascial pain syndrome, minimally invasive methods with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and muscle relaxant effects are recommended. While all treatment methods yielded favorable results, ozone therapy combined with kinesiology taping effectively eliminated both subjective and objective symptoms in this patient category.

AIM . The aim of this work is to evaluate the effectiveness of relief of masticatory muscle spasticity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome by a combined treatment method – the use of injections of botulinum toxin type A in combination with kinesiotaping. MATERIALS AND METHODS . 36 people were examined in two stages – clinical and functional examination of the condition of the chewing muscles before the start of therapy, after 14 and 28 days. RESULTS . At all follow-up periods, positive dynamics was obtained in determining the volume of oral cavity opening in active and passive form, assessing the motor activity of the chewing muscles on the MAS scale, intensity and duration of pain potential and according to myotonometric, ultrasound and electromyographic methods. To relieve myofascial pain syndrome, it is advisable to use a differentiated, patient-oriented approach. CONCLUSIONS. Timely inclusion of botulinum therapy and kinesiotaping in the treatment plan is justified and appropriate, the choice of wait-and-see tactics can lead to the formation of persistent functional shifts, which further significantly complicates the relief of masticatory muscle spasticity in patients with myofascial pain syndrome.

AIM. To determine the need for early orthodontic treatment of children with bad habits, to assess the need for complex treatment and involvement of doctors of different profiles to eliminate the pathology of the maxillofacial region. MATERIALS AND METHODS . A comprehensive examination of children with bad habits at the age of 1 to 3 years was carried out, which included: questioning of parents, study of dental status, distribution of children into groups depending on the degree of need for orthodontic treatment. RESULTS. The first group included 14 children (22.58 % ± 1.26) who had bad habits but did not need specialized orthodontic treatment. The second group included 23 patients (37.09 % ± 1.01) who required orthodontic treatment by myogymnastics. Patients of the third group, which included 8 patients (12.9 % ± 1.4), required specialized orthodontic treatment with prescription of removable appliances of mechanical and (or) functional action. The fourth group consisted of 10 children (16.12 % ± 1.35) who required complex dental treatment. The fifth group of need for orthodontic treatment included 7 children (11.29 % ± 1.43) who required not only dental treatment but also the involvement of general medical specialists. CONCLUSION . Among young children the prevalence of bad habits remains high and the variety of their clinical manifestations does not always provide only orthodontic treatment.

Relevance . The article is devoted to the issue of diagnosing the condition of the jaw bone tissue in children with mixed dentition. The relevance of the study is related to the increased consumption of chewing gum by children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the echodensity of the jaw bone tissue in patients with mixed dentition using chewing gum with varying intensity. Materials and methods. We examined 31 children, the average age was 8.5±1.2 years. It is at this age that the active formation of facial morphology and anatomy takes place, which is directly related to the condition of the jaw bones. For diagnosis, an ultrasound technique was chosen – osteometry. This method is based on assessing the speed of propagation of ultrasound waves along the surface of the bone. In addition, in comparison with radiation, ultrasound methods for studying bone tissue have significant advantages, expressed in the reliability of the results obtained, low cost of procedures, ease of use, absence of radiation for personnel and patients, and minimal research time. From a practical point of view, this method is the most accessible in a dental office. Echoosteometry was carried out using the Echoosteometer EOM-01TS apparatus. Results. Based on the study, it was revealed that there was an imbalance in bone density in children who actively used chewing gum.

Relevance . Dental care for children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) presents substantial challenges to dental practitioners. These children not only necessitate individualized care strategies but also face challenges in mouth opening due to masticatory muscle spasticity, which limits operational access during treatments. This study introduces a phased approach to debridement that is integrated with interventions aimed at alleviating hypertonia in the masticatory muscles through adaptive myogymnastics and the use of a pneumatic mouth expander. Materials and methods . A clinical and functional assessment of the orofacial region was conducted on 34 compliant CP patients aged 6-12 years, with the mean age being 9.6 ± 0.3 years. These assessments considered the extent of motor activity and movement limitations in daily activities. Follow-up evaluations were performed six months post-intervention. Results . The phased debridement plan demonstrated significant effectiveness, integrating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies with tailored visitation schedules based on the clinical conditions of the patients. Conclusion . Uniform diagnostic and therapeutic protocols are recommended to enhance dental health and restrain the prevalence of dental diseases among children with spastic cerebral palsy.

INTRODUCTION . The relevance of the study is related to the increased uncontrolled consumption of chewing gum by children.AIM. The aim is to study the functional state of masticatory muscles in patients with changeable dentition using chewing gum in different modes. MATERIALS AND METHODS . The study was carried out on 31 children, the average age of whom was 8.5 ± 1.2 years. It is at this age there is an active formation of facial morphology, which is directly related to the activity of the masticatory muscles. Therefore, it is very important to assess the condition of the masticatory musculature in order to timely identify imbalance in muscle activity, hypo and hypertonus of the musculature and to start therapy. Electromyographic study was performed on the Synapsis apparatus. RESULTS . There is a violation of coordination in the work of masticatory muscles with predominance in the work in the right temporal muscle and left proper masticatory muscle. This is due to the fact that additional chewing was present in this group. CONCLUSION . The provided analysis of masticatory function showed that children who frequently use chewing gum have a pronounced discoordination and imbalance in the work of masticatory muscles.

INTRODUCTION . For the correct diagnosis of hypertonicity of the chewing muscles, it is necessary to take into account the nature of pain, the restriction of opening the oral cavity and the data of additional research methods. AIM . The aim is to develop a gradation of the severity of hypertonicity of the masticatory muscles based on clinical parameters and data from additional research methods – myotonometry, ultrasound and electromyography. MATERIALS AND METHODS . 127 patients who sought dental care were examined, and the patients did not complain about the symptoms of myofascial pain syndrome. The diagnosis of masticatory muscle hypertonicity was verified in 90 people. RESULTS . When studying the results obtained, statistically significant differences were revealed, which made it possible to develop a gradation of the severity of the above pathology into mild, moderate and high (grade I, grade II and grade III). CONCLUSION . The application of the developed gradation will allow the dentist to develop a patient-oriented approach to the relief of muscle hypertension, depending on its severity, which, in turn, will improve the quality of life of this category of patients and reduce the cost of patients for muscle relaxant therapy.