Kyi Win KhinMar's research while affiliated with Singapore National Eye Centre and other places
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Publications (10)
Background
Previously treated ie. recurrent tuberculosis (TB) cases account for ~7-8% of incident TB globally and in Singapore. Molecular fingerprinting has enabled the differentiation of these patients into relapsed or re-infection cases.
Methods
Patient demographics, disease characteristics and treatment information were obtained from the nation...
Singapore, which had a tuberculosis (TB) incidence rate of 41 per 100 000 resident population in 2011.
To report the outcomes of Singapore citizens and permanent residents treated for TB from 2002 to 2011.
A computerised treatment surveillance module (TSM) was launched in 2001 to track the progress and outcome of TB patients nationally. Physicians...
The hypothesis that T-cell interferon-gamma responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific antigens decline as disease activity diminishes with tuberculosis (TB) treatment has generated interest in the interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) as treatment-monitoring tools. We studied the effect of TB treatment on these responses as measured by the...
The objective was to compare the quantitative T-cell responses measured by the commercial interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) release assays (IGRAs) in active and latent tuberculosis (TB) states. T-cell responses of culture-proven TB cases were compared with those of contacts with positive IGRA results and tuberculin skin tests >or= 15 mm. T-SPOT.TB result...
There are few head-to-head comparisons of the commercial gamma interferon release assays (GIRAs). We compared the performance
of the T-SPOT.TB and QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-IT) assays in patients with culture-proven pulmonary tuberculosis. Blood was drawn for
both assays within 14 days of starting antituberculosis treatment. The QFT-IT indet...
There is currently no available test for monitoring the effect of treatment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) to indicate cure or predict risk of subsequent progression to disease.
We used the T-SPOT.TB assay, which measures T-cell interferon-gamma responses to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific peptides early secretory antigenic target...
Citations
... As immunity decreases with age and people with suppressed immunity are prone to infectious diseases and in a TB high burden setting chances of recurrence increase. A retrospective case-control study conducted in Singapore reported age ≥60 years to be related to TB recurrence [64] while a study from Pakistan reported a high recurrence rate in the younger age group (15-45 years) [25]. Te diference between these reports likely refects the diference in the etiology of recurrence. ...
... We believe that this is testimony to A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t the effectiveness of the Singapore TB Elimination Programme (STEP) which has, since 1998, utilized in-person DOT (daily during the intensive phase and thrice weekly in the continuation phase) at the patients" nearest public health care clinic for the majority of the country"s TB cases (18,19). The STEP"s Treatment Surveillance Module which actively tracks all TB cases in Singapore until their final outcome, has also served to ensure high treatment completion rates nationally (20). ...
Reference: Recurrent Tuberculosis Disease in Singapore
... 34 Fifth, two kinds of commercial IGRAs were used in this study, and this could have introduced an additional bias due to the inherent differences between them, such as the TB antigens (T-SPOT.TB assays, RD-1 antigens; QFT assays, TB 7.7 and RD-1 antigens), 35 technical platforms (T-SPOT.TB uses effector T cells; QFT determines IFN-γ levels), specimens used (QFT uses whole blood cells; T-SPOT.TB uses mononuclear cells), indeterminate results (these are more common in QFT), 36 and diagnostic performance. 37,38 Therefore, interpreting the results requires caution. ...
... 5,6 Persistently negative results of T cell responsebased immune diagnostic tests of these resisters suggests an efficient innate immunity for early clearance of Mtb infection. 7,8 However, the underlying mechanisms and the key host innate immune factors remain largely unclear. ...
... Additionally, the time point of IFN-γ response manifestation and its duration during the course of MABC infection remain unclear. When extrapolating from TB, we would expect IFN-γ response to occur within several weeks postinfection and persist on a certain level afterward in most cases, even after clearing of the infection (Pai et al., 2006;Chee et al., 2007;Mack et al., 2009). The value of longitudinal assessment of IFN-γ response in TB remains controversial and is entirely uninvestigated for MAPD. ...
... 34 Fifth, two kinds of commercial IGRAs were used in this study, and this could have introduced an additional bias due to the inherent differences between them, such as the TB antigens (T-SPOT.TB assays, RD-1 antigens; QFT assays, TB 7.7 and RD-1 antigens), 35 technical platforms (T-SPOT.TB uses effector T cells; QFT determines IFN-γ levels), specimens used (QFT uses whole blood cells; T-SPOT.TB uses mononuclear cells), indeterminate results (these are more common in QFT), 36 and diagnostic performance. 37,38 Therefore, interpreting the results requires caution. ...
