Kurt Schneider's research while affiliated with Leibniz Universität Hannover and other places
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Publications (253)
The creation of a shared understanding of the project vision of all relevant stakeholders is vital to the requirements engineering process. One way to create such a shared understanding is through the use of vision videos that visualize the project vision at an early project stage. However, not all functional aspects can be presented. For example,...
In the context of the ongoing digitalization of society, human values such as privacy, ethics and trust are becoming increasingly important. Digital systems are entering private and professional spaces, which in turn affects the privacy of their end users. Hence, there is a need for conveying privacy information in a transparent and understandable...
[Context and motivation] The success of software projects depends on developing a system that satisfies the stakeholders’ wishes and needs according to their mental models of the intended system. However, stakeholders may have different or misaligned mental models of the same system, resulting in conflicting requirements. For this reason, aligned m...
Software systems are ubiquitous, and their use is ingrained in our everyday lives. They enable us to get in touch with people quickly and easily, support us in gathering information, and help us perform our daily tasks. In return, we provide these systems with a large amount of personal information, often unaware that this is jeopardizing our priva...
A positive working climate is essential in modern software development. It enhances productivity since a satisfied developer tends to deliver better results. Sentiment analysis tools are a means to analyze and classify textual communication between developers according to the polarity of the statements. Most of these tools deliver promising results...
Software systems are ubiquitous, and their use is ingrained in our everyday lives. They enable us to get in touch with people quickly and easily, support us in gathering information, and help us perform our daily tasks. In return, we provide these systems with a large amount of personal information, often unaware that this is jeopardizing our priva...
One of the long-term goals in PhoenixD is to exchange data and knowledge internally. In order to facilitate suitable and sustainable research data management (RDM), we need to comply with the FAIR data principles: data has to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable. Therefore, a format-agnostic exchange should be aimed at, so that expe...
Differing mental models of stakeholders can lead to conflicting requirements which can threaten the success of the software project if they are not resolved. Therefore, producing a shared understanding of the project vision among stakeholders is crucial. Vision videos are one possible method to produce such a shared understanding by allowing stakeh...
Code review is an important process in software engineering – yet, a very expensive one. Therefore, understanding code review and how to improve reviewers’ performance is paramount. In the study presented in this work, we test whether providing developers with explicit reviewing strategies improves their review effectiveness and efficiency. Moreove...
Test automation can save time and identify failed test cases instantly. However, these test cases run like a robot over Graphical User Interface (GUI). Hence, it is difficult for test engineers to locate defects precisely and quickly by using test automation software. The following disadvantages of robot-like replay are observed in automated GUI-te...
Quality aspects such as ethics, fairness, and transparency have been proven to be essential for trustworthy software systems. Explainability has been identified not only as a means to achieve all these three aspects in systems, but also as a way to foster users' sentiments of trust. Despite this, research has only marginally focused on the activiti...
Several software systems struggle with different contexts of use, e.g., due to a huge variety of end-user groups or various application scenarios. In some cases, the use of software systems may change due to external factors such as a pandemic. However, in other cases, software systems are known to be used in various contexts even before they are d...
[Context and motivation] It is crucial to develop a vision of what a new piece of software will do and how it will affect personal tasks, processes, and the environment. Vision videos have been proposed for visualizing a tentative vision very early in a project, long before prototypes are in reach. Such a video can support the elicitation and valid...
Context and Motivation: Software users describe requirements for new software and give feedback to existing software. Both are well studied in requirements engineering research. However, both are also heavily influenced by the users’ comprehension of existing software. We do not know which aspects of software users have in mind when they talk about...
The number of companies that use agile methods increases steadily. However, these companies often do not implement a pure agile approach but combine agile and plan-based methods to so-called hybrid development approaches. However, the development of these approaches is rather difficult for the companies, since agile and plan-based approaches often...
Together with many success stories, promises such as the increase in production speed and the improvement in stakeholders' collaboration have contributed to making agile a transformation in the software industry in which many companies want to take part. However, driven either by a natural and expected evolution or by contextual factors that challe...
Together with many success stories, promises such as the increase in production speed and the improvement in stakeholders' collaboration have contributed to making agile a transformation in the software industry in which many companies want to take part. However, driven either by a natural and expected evolution or by contextual factors that challe...
Business process modeling is an important activity for developing software systems—especially within digitization projects and when realizing digital business models. Specifying requirements and building executable workflows is often done by using BPMN 2.0 process models. Although there are several style guides available for BPMN, e.g., by Silver a...
Distributed software development is more difficult than co-located software development. One of the main reasons is that communication is more difficult in distributed settings. Defined processes and artifacts help, but cannot cover all information needs. Not communicating important project information, decisions and rationales can result in duplic...
Context: Software requirements specifications are the main point of reference in traditional software projects. Especially in large projects, these documents get read by multiple people, multiple times. Several guidelines and templates already exist to support writing a good specification. However, not much research has been done in investigating h...
Nowadays, confidential data of users and companies are processed by various software applications. Therefore, it is necessary to protect them against security flaws in source code, which could, for example, allow the infringement of privacy. However, developers are usually not equipped with the required expertise to fulfill this task. To their resc...
Software development methods are usually not applied by the book. Companies are under pressure to continuously deploy software products that meet market needs and stakeholders' requests. To implement efficient and effective development processes, companies utilize multiple frameworks, methods and practices, and combine these into hybrid methods. A...
Software systems are becoming increasingly complex. Their ubiquitous presence makes users more dependent on their correctness in many aspects of daily life. As a result, there is a growing need to make software systems and their decisions more comprehensible, with more transparency in software-based decision making. Transparency is therefore becomi...
Context: Organizations start understanding the need to become an agile organization in order to fully benefit from agility and be competitive on quickly changing markets. Leaders at every level, not just top managers, need to buy into agility as an organizational value. Since the mid 1990s, many software development teams have very successfully ado...
Software development is a very cooperative and communicative task. In most software projects, meetings are a very important medium to share information. However, these meetings are often not as effective as expected. One big issue hindering productive and satisfying meetings is inappropriate behavior such as complaining. In particular, talking abou...
Data extracted from software repositories is used intensively in Software Engineering research, for example, to predict defects in source code. In our research in this area, with data from open source projects as well as an industrial partner, we noticed several shortcomings of conventional data mining approaches for classification problems: (1) Do...
Product Owners have an important role in the agile and hybrid software development process. While this role is supposed to maximize the value of a product, there seem to be several scattered results on how they achieve this, as well as what actually constitutes this role in practice. To consolidate current research results and to further analyze th...
In Requirements Engineering, a lot of communication takes place in conversations and meetings, such as workshops, focus groups, interviews, and review sessions. Research has shown that interactions in meetings influence the group affect after the meeting-and hence the participants' motivation for (further) contributing to the project. However, it r...
Context: Code review is a fundamental, yet expensive part of software engineering. Therefore, research on understanding code review and its efficiency and performance is paramount. Objective: We aim to test the effect of a guidance approach on review effectiveness and efficiency. This effect is expected to work by lowering the cognitive load of the...
Fast feedback promotes agile teams to improve their work during the software process, making it crucial for team success. Information systems accelerate the availability of information that result in compact knowledge sources. In practice, feedback in Sprints is often limited to sole progress and performance measures, e.g., burndown charts or veloc...
Agile software development methods promise shorter time-to-market and higher product quality, but lack the ability of long-term planning or coping with large projects. However, software companies often also want the ability of long-term planning, promised by traditional or plan-based methods. To benefit from the strengths of both approaches, softwa...
[Context and motivation] Software requirements specifications are the main point of reference in traditional software projects. Especially in large projects, these documents get read by multiple people, multiple times. [Question/problem] Several guidelines and templates already exist to support writing a good specification. However, not much resear...
[Context and motivation] Creating a shared understanding of requirements between all parties involved about a future software system is difficult. Imprecise communication can lead to misunderstanding of requirements. Vision videos demonstrate and visualize the functionality, use and impact of a software system before the actual development process...
Background and Motivation: In recent years, the topic of applying videos in requirements engineering has been discussed and its contributions are of interesting potential. In the last 35 years, several researchers proposed approaches for applying videos in requirements engineering due to their communication richness and effectiveness. However, thes...
Category: Research Preview Target Group: Requirements Engineers and Researchers Context and Motivation Software systems support end-users in making daily decisions, thanks to ubiquituous computing. As long as the system behaves in accordance to users' expectations, the user continues to trust the system. In the case of unexpected software behavior,...
Establishing a shared software project vision is a key challenge in Requirements Engineering (RE). Several approaches use videos to represent visions. However, these approaches omit how to produce a good video. This missing guidance is one crucial reason why videos are not established in RE. We propose a quality model for videos representing a visi...
The adequate use of documentation for communication is one challenge in requirements engineering (RE). In recent years, several researchers addressed this challenge by using videos as a communication mechanism. All of them concluded that this way of using videos has the potential to facilitate requirements communication. Nevertheless, software prof...
Establishing a shared software project vision is a key challenge in Requirements Engineering (RE). Several approaches use videos to represent visions. However, these approaches omit how to produce a good video. This missing guidance is one crucial reason why videos are not established in RE. We propose a quality model for videos representing a visi...
![Fig. 3. Exploratory analyses using MIC and Pearson r [17]](profile/Fabian-Kortum/publication/337325764/figure/fig3/AS:844631503826947@1578387251785/Exploratory-analyses-using-MIC-and-Pearson-r-17_Q320.jpg)
In agile software development, proper team structures and sprint estimations are crucial aspects to reach high-performance outcomes. Performance can vary due to the influence of social-driven team factors. Resulting in team dynamics with the focus on human factors are usually difficult to capture and thus often not monitored. However, their impact...
Change-based code review is a software quality assurance technique that is widely used in practice. Therefore, better understanding what influences performance in code reviews and finding ways to improve it can have a large impact. In this study, we examine the association of working memory capacity and cognitive load with code review performance a...
Accessible via digital conference Proceedings: http://ksiresearchorg.ipage.com/seke/Proceedings/seke/SEKE2019_Proceedings.pdf
This chapter considers the nature of software evolution: What kinds of software systems are evolved? Which quality aspects of software systems play a role throughout evolution? What kinds of software changes exist and which evolution processes are considered? What is the impact of these changes? The purpose of this chapter is to clarify the fundame...
In this chapter, we discuss the diverse set of challenges, from different perspectives, that we face because of our aim to incorporate knowledge in software and processes tailored for software and systems evolution. Firstly, the discovery and externalization of knowledge about requirements, the recording and representation of design decisions, and...
This chapter describes two perspectives on the identification and externalisation of tacit knowledge, that is expertise that is difficult to verbalise, within long-living and continuously evolving systems. During the design time of a software system, heuristics and machine learning classifiers can be used to identify and externalise tacit knowledge...
In this chapter, we introduce a three-layered framework for maintaining security in software evolution at design time and run time. Additionally, we present a suite of five approaches that employ the framework. Two approaches focus on design-time use of knowledge extracted from natural-language documents to identify potential steps for co-evolving...
Product Owners (PO) in the Scrum framework have an important role in the development process. While the POs primal description is straightforward-the actual implementation of this role in industries is not. Many companies face the difficulty of assigning the right level of tasks and responsibilities to this role. To provide solutions to this proble...
In software projects, people often continue working on programs that others created. This is especially the case in agile development. Therefore, developers often need to understand unfamiliar code in order to expand, change, fix or review it. Navigating through code and searching for relevant information requires a lot of developer time. This pape...
Product Owners in the Scrum framework-respectively the On-site Customer when applying eXtreme Programming have an important role in the development process. The Scrum Guide states that this role is responsible for the requirements and maximizing the value of the product. However, the implementation of this role depends on the individual, the organi...
Product Owners in the Scrum framework-respectively the On-site Customer when applying eXtreme Programming have an important role in the development process. The Scrum Guide states that this role is responsible for the requirements and maximizing the value of the product. However, the implementation of this role depends on the individual, the organi...
Agile software development teams strive for fast and continuous feedback. Both the quality of the resulting software and the performance of the team require feedback. The performance of the team developments is often addressed in retrospectives which are not only part of the SCRUM framework, but also in general. Reflecting on incidents during the l...
Software development methods are usually not applied by the book. Companies are under pressure to continuously deploy software products that meet market needs and stakeholders’ requests. To implement efficient and effective development processes, companies utilize multiple frameworks, methods and practices, and combine these into hybrid methods. A...
In software projects, people often continue working on programs that others created. This is especially the case in agile development. Therefore, developers often need to understand unfamiliar code in order to expand, change, fix or review it. Navigating through code and searching for relevant information requires a lot of developer time. This pape...
Almost all companies struggle with software systems that are getting increasingly complex. Therefore, in particular large companies often use software product lines, which provide an efficient way to manage software reuse as well as the high complexity. However, software product lines seem to be too slow to react to changes. Agile development appro...
[Context and motivation] Complex software-based systems involve several stakeholders, their activities and interactions with the system. Vision videos are used during the early phases of a project to complement textual representations. They visualize previously abstract visions of the product and its use. By creating, elaborating, and discussing vi...
A wide variety of use case templates supports different linking variants. The main purpose
of all linking options is to highlight the interrelationships between a use case and its associated requirements. Regardless of the linking, a reader needs to consider all materials together in order to achieve a high understanding of the overall content. Due...
While the notion of task–media fit is inherent to most theories on communication in virtual teams, past studies have largely concentrated on single, isolated tasks—hence neglecting sequential and contextual effects of media use. Building on project management frameworks, this study abstracts from the task level to the broader and more practical lev...
[Context and motivation] Complex software-based systems involve several stakeholders, their activities and interactions with the system. Vision videos are used during the early phases of a project to complement textual representations. They visualize previously abstract visions of the product and its use. By creating, elaborating, and discussing vi...
Software process improvement is a very important topic. Almost all companies and organizations face the necessity for improvement sooner or later. Sometimes, there is obvious potential for improvement (e.g., if the number of developers does not fit the project size). Nonetheless, fixing all obvious issues does not necessarily lead to a “perfect” pr...
Nowadays, there are many software libraries for different purposes that are used by various projects. An application is only as secure as its weakest component; thus if an imported library includes a certain vulnerability, an application could get insecure. Therefore a widespread search for existing security flaws within used libraries is necessary...
Data extracted from software repositories is used intensively in Software Engineering research, for example, to predict defects in source code. In our research in this area, with data from open source projects as well as an industrial partner, we noticed several shortcomings of conventional data mining approaches for classification problems: (1) Do...
Change-based code review is used widely in industrial software development. Thus, research on tools that help the reviewer to achieve better review performance can have a high impact. We analyze one possibility to provide cognitive support for the reviewer: Determining the importance of change parts for review, specifically determining which parts...
Abstract In 2001, seventeen professionals set up the manifesto for agile software development. They wanted to define values and basic principles for better software development. On top of being brought into focus, the manifesto has been widely adopted by developers, in software-developing organizations and outside the world of IT. Agile principles...
Abstract Agile software development (ASD) promotes working software over comprehensive documentation. Still, recent research has shown agile teams to use quite a number of artefacts. Whereas some artefacts may be adopted because they are inherently included in an ASD method, an agile team decides itself on the usage of additional artefacts. However...
Modern-day communication in teams is characterized by a frequent and flexible use of various communication technologies. To understand the relationship between this new way of communication and team performance, research suggests incorporating contextual factors. In this study, we explore the role of demographic faultlines and subsequent subgroup f...
Media use can be considered as an integral part of virtual communication and thus of present-day human interaction. Nevertheless, research on media use and effects still largely relies on laboratory experiments, treating it as a stable input condition, rather than as a function of human appropriation. In this study, we propose a conceptualization o...
Videos are one of the best documentation options for a rich and effective communication. They allow experiencing the overall context of a situation by representing concrete realizations of certain requirements. Despite 35 years of research on integrating videos in requirements engineering (RE), videos are not an established documentation option in...
Videos are one of the best documentation options for a rich and effective communication. They allow experiencing the overall context of a situation by representing concrete realizations of certain requirements. Despite 35 years of research on integrating videos in requirements engineering (RE), videos are not an established documentation option in...
[Context:] The descriptions of interactions and system functions are two of the most important artifact types in requirements specifications. Their common notations are use cases and requirements which are related to each other. There are different variants to link a use case with its associated requirements due to a wide variety of use case templa...
Task Interruption in Software Development Projects: What Makes some Interruptions More Disruptive than Others?
Multitasking has always been an inherent part of software development and is known as the primary source of interruptions due to task switching in software development teams. Developing software involves a mix of analytical and creative work, and requires a significant load on brain functions, such as working memory and decision making. Thus, task...
Software projects are dominated by meetings. For participants, not all meetings are useful and enjoyable. However, interaction within a meeting has an impact on individual and group affects. Group affect influences team performance and project success. Despite frequent yet vague dissatisfaction with some meetings, many software engineers are not aw...
Software product lines (SPLs) are used throughout the automotive industry. SPLs help to manage the large number of variants and to improve quality by reuse. In order to develop high quality software faster, agile software development (ASD) practices are introduced. From both the research and the management point of view it is still not clear how th...
A software product line is commonly used for the software development in large automotive organizations. A strategic reuse of software is needed to handle the increasing complexity of the development and to maintain the quality of numerous software variants. However, the development process needs to be continuously adapted at a fast pace to satisfy...
