Krystian Wdowiak’s research while affiliated with Medical University of Lublin and other places

Vaccinations are among the most effective measures at preventing the spread of infectious diseases. Pharmacists in Poland were authorized to administer protective vaccinations in 2021. The study aims to research patient experience with vaccinations in connection with pharmacist assistance of pharmacists. This study was conducted in Polish community pharmacies among patients who had received such a vaccination. The research tool was a questionnaire consisting of questions on patient satisfaction and some personal data. Ultimately, 342 patients take part in our research. All respondents believe that vaccinations administered in pharmacies are a convenient form of preventive care. The respondents also appreciated the qualifications and skills of the pharmacists in administering the vaccine and indicated that they would use the pharmacy vaccination service again. Patients utilizing the opportunity to receive vaccinations at the pharmacy were satisfied with the quality of service provided by the pharmacists. They emphasize the convenience of this service and appreciate the pharmacists’ qualifications. The vast majority of the respondents think that the role of pharmacists in delivering protective vaccinations should be expanded.

Introduction Pharmacists are essential healthcare professionals which play a pivotal role in public health protection by offering diverse pharmacy services. This includes not only serving individuals in Ukraine but also addressing the needs of Ukrainian citizens residing in Poland. An exemplary initiative is the creation of the website farmaceucidlaukrainy.pl, which provides organized and systematic support. Aim This study aims to evaluate the perceptions of Ukrainian immigrant patients from Ukraine regarding the advanced pharmaceutical consultation service provided by Polish pharmacists. Material and Methods This study included 250 respondents from Ukraine. The study was conducted in 2022 using an anonymous survey. The survey was distributed after pharmaceutical consultations in one of the cities near the Polish-Ukrainian border. As part of the project, Ukrainian patients who had run out of medicines due to war brought their medications to pharmacy counselling points organized by Polish pharmacists, and the pharmacists helped them find equivalents ias well as help treated minor ailments in Poland. Results Practically all respondents strongly agree with all the statements posed in the survey, the percentage of such responses was close to 95%, with the lowest percentage observed for the statement “If possible, I would like this kind of service to be offered in any Polish pharmacy”, which was 90.40%. Conclusion Ukrainian patients highly appreciated the pharmaceutical consultation services provided by Polish pharmacists. The information given by pharmacists was clear and practical, and the services were deemed highly supportive. Expanding such initiatives to other assistance points could enhance the support network for displaced individuals.

Introduction and Objective: N-Acetylglutamate Synthetase Deficiency (NAGSD) is a rare urea cycle disorder, primarily caused by autosomal recessive genetic mutations. Most affected individuals are homozygous for the disease-causing allele. The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency based on the latest literature.Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms "N-acetylglutamate synthetase," "NAGS deficiency," or "N-acetylglutamate synthetase deficiency" appear in the title, abstract, or keywords.Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Symptoms of NAGSD typically appear in the neonatal period. The NAGS enzyme is essential for catalyzing the synthesis of N-acetylglutamate, an allosteric activator of carbamoylphosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1), crucial for the urea cycle. Key biochemical markers include elevated ammonia, glutamine, and alanine; decreased citrulline; and respiratory alkalosis. Hyperammonemia is the main clinical feature, manifesting as nausea, vomiting, cognitive impairment, seizures, and, in severe cases, coma or death. Genetic testing remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, enabling identification of specific mutations. Treatment involves carbamylglutamate, an NAG analog that activates CPS1.Summary: Expanding research aims to explore novel treatments in NAGSD, dietary strategies, and the safety of current therapies during pregnancy.

Introduction: Frotteuristic disorder is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal from touching or rubbing against a nonconsenting person over a period of at least six months. This behavior is manifested through fantasies, urges, or actions. While many studies indicate that the disorder predominantly affects men, this finding is not universally accepted. Victims of this disorder are typically young women, but only 2.6% of incidents are reported to the police. Most individuals with frotteuristic disorder do not seek treatment voluntarily, often being referred only after committing a crime. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has shown significant therapeutic success, while pharmacological treatments typically involve antiandrogenic medications and drugs that lower sexual drive. Aim of the Study: The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of frotteurism based on the latest literature. Material and methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms “frotteurism”, “frotteuristic” or “frotteuristic disorder” appear in the title, abstract, or keywords.Conclusions: There are gaps in research, including underestimation of prevalence, gender differences, and unclear etiological factors. Further studies could lead to better understanding and improved treatments for individuals with frotteuristic disorder. Additionally, the etiology of the disorder remains unclear. Further research could help clarify the causes of frotteurism, potentially leading to more effective treatments for individuals affected by this paraphilia.

Introduction and Objective: Voyeurism is characterized by recurrent and intense sexual arousal derived from observing unsuspecting individuals who are naked, disrobing, or engaging in sexual activity. Suggested risk factors for developing voyeurism include childhood sexual abuse, substance misuse, hypersexuality, emotional dysregulation, poor mental health, maladaptive coping strategies, and external pressures The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of voyeurism based on the latest literature.Review Methods: The PubMed database was searched to find scientific articles in which the terms “voyeurism” or “voyeuristic” appear in the title, abstract, or keywords.Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: Estimating the global prevalence of voyeurism is challenging due to inconsistent data, with reported rates ranging from over 10% to approximately 30–40%. Studies consistently indicate that voyeuristic behavior is more common among men. It often exhibits a compulsive and repetitive nature and can serve as a precursor to other sexual crimes, such as sexual sadism or pedophilia. Treatment primarily involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), with pharmacological support using SSRIs like fluoxetine and paroxetine, showing effectiveness. Summary: The authors highlight the importance of further exploration into this topic and emphasize the need for a more accurate understanding of voyeurism's prevalence in the general population, as current data may be inconclusive.

Introduction and Objective: Exhibitionism is a paraphilic behavior characterized by a persistent or recurrent tendency to expose one’s genitalia to strangers, typically without the intention of further interaction. The aim of this publication is to discuss various aspects of exhibitionism based on the latest literature. Review Methods: A search was conducted in the PubMed database to identify scientific articles containing the term “exhibitionism” in their title, abstract, or keywords. The search focused on articles published between 2014 and 2024, with an emphasis on studies exploring the etiology, prevalence, and treatment of exhibitionism.Brief Description of the State of Knowledge: While often linked to sexual excitement and followed by masturbation, exibitionism is more commonly observed in men. Research highlights several potential risk factors for exhibitionistic disorder, including childhood sexual or emotional abuse, hypersexuality, and sexual preoccupation. Neurobiological, cognitive, and social mechanisms are believed to underlie the development of these tendencies. Treatment of exhibitionistic disorder primarily involves cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Pharmacological approaches are also employed to manage symptoms by modulating serotonergic transmission. Summary: Although relatively uncommon, exhibitionistic disorder has significant implications for individuals and society, underscoring the need for improved awareness, accurate prevalence estimates, and expanded access to effective treatment interventions. Further investigation into the true prevalence of exhibitionistic disorder is warranted, as current estimates may be imprecise.

IntroductionThe acronym BDSM combines terms describing various consensual sexual practices: bondage and discipline (B/D), dominance and submission (D/S), and sadism and masochism (S/M). In recent years, interest in BDSM culture has grown, both socially—likely driven by the popularity of related books and films—and academically.Purpose of the workThis article aims to compile the most recent information on BDSM (bondage and discipline, dominance and submission, and sadism and masochism) based on the latest available literature.Materials and Methods The PubMed database was searched for scientific articles in which the term "BDSM" appeared in the title, abstract, or keywords. Due to the limited number of publications on this topic, the search was restricted to articles published between 2014 and 2024.Results and Conclusions The prevalence of BDSM varies widely in studies, ranging from a few percent of the population to nearly half. Studies suggest a potential link between childhood sexual abuse and a heightened interest in BDSM, particularly among women who take on submissive roles. Societal stigma and widespread misconceptions about BDSM practices continue to have a negative impact on those who engage in them. Authors emphasize the necessity of further research on BDSM practices due to the limited and sometimes contradictory findings, particularly regarding the prevalence of BDSM interest and hormonal changes resulting from these practices.

Defining the concept of infidelity in relationships has posed significant challenges for many researchers. By synthesizing their views, one can assume that infidelity encompasses any actions hidden from a partner, involving a third party, which violate the emotional, sexual, or romantic exclusivity of the relationship. Nowadays, it seems appropriate to categorize infidelity into sexual, emotional, mixed, and online types. Determining the frequency of infidelity is problematic due to discrepancies in various studies’ results, primarily stemming from cultural differences among the studied populations. Nonetheless, it is expected that this phenomenon affects 20-50% of relationships, occurring more frequently in non-marital relationships, although this difference appears to be gradually diminishing. The causes of infidelity are diverse, primarily arising from the unmet emotional or sexual needs of an individual by their partner. However, infidelity can also occur due to factors beyond the partner’s control, such as favorable circumstances. Factors that increase the likelihood of infidelity include being male and having higher education and income, as these factors lead to encountering more situations that facilitate infidelity. The impact of technological development on the occurrence of infidelity in relationships cannot be overlooked – practically every third internet user utilizes it for sexual purposes. Infidelity has consequences for relationships, often being the most common cause of their dissolution, as well as for the individuals involved. Those who are betrayed often experience anger and symptoms typical of a depressive episode and suicidal thoughts may also occur.

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignant tumor in women and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths among this population. Since it is asymptomatic in its early stages, preventive screening plays a crucial role in rapid diagnosis. Such screenings are conducted in many countries worldwide, although their popularity varies. Given that nearly all cases of cervical cancer are linked to high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection, vaccination against this virus could lead to a significant reduction in cancer incidence. It should be noted that the level of vaccination coverage against hrHPV varies significantly between countries, ranging from a few percent to over 90%. Globally, the vaccination coverage of the target population is estimated at only a few percent. Methods: This study was conducted using a proprietary, anonymous online questionnaire comprising 24 questions addressing various aspects of cervical cancer prevention. The newly designed questionnaire comprised 19 primary questions and 5 metric questions. The collected data were subjected to descriptive and statistical analysis. Results: The majority of respondents reported regularly participating in cervical cytology screening and gynecological visits. Non-participation in these screenings was primarily reported by younger respondents, not all of whom had indications for undergoing such examinations. Only 14% of the women surveyed had been vaccinated against hrHPV. However, it should be noted that, as the surveyed women were not covered by the relatively recently introduced vaccination program, they received their vaccinations through local programs conducted by certain cities or through private healthcare services. The respondents’ primary sources of information on cervical cancer are the internet and medical personnel. Conclusions: The level of knowledge among the women surveyed regarding cervical cancer prevention was satisfactory, though improvement is needed in some areas. Despite relatively good awareness of HPV’s role in cervical cancer development, the popularity of HPV vaccination remains unsatisfactory. The results should be interpreted with caution due to the small study group.