Koji Isozaki’s research while affiliated with Tokoha Gakuen University and other places

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Publications (7)


Table 1 . Subject group profiles 
Table 2 . Isometric knee extension muscle strength values of elderly people, as measured by a hand-held dynamometer with a belt 
Reliability of Isometric Knee Extension Muscle Strength Measurements of Healthy Elderly Subjects Made with a Hand-held Dynamometer and a Belt
  • Article
  • Full-text available

December 2014

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467 Reads

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73 Citations

Journal of Physical Therapy Science

Munenori Katoh

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Koji Isozaki

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of three isometric knee extension strength measurements (IKE) made with a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) and a belt of healthy elderly living in the community as subjects. [Subjects] The subject cohort consisted of 186 healthy elderly people, aged 65 to 79 years, living in local communities. [Methods] IKE of the leg subjects used to kick a ball was measured. IKE of each subject was measured three times using an HHD-belt at intervals of 30 seconds. The reliability of the larger of the first two measurements (LV2) as well as the third measurement (3V) was investigated. [Results] The intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC (1, 1)] for LV2 and 3V were 0.955. Bland-Altman analysis showed a fixed bias, and the limits of agreement ranged from -5.6 to 4.6. [Conclusion] The ICC results show that the test-retest reproducibility of IKE measurements of healthy elderly subjects using an HHD-belt is high. However, Bland-Altman analysis showed a fixed bias, suggesting the need for three measurements.

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The Effect of Mastication on Reaction Latency to Unanticipated ExternalDisturbances in the Standing Position.

December 2012

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19 Reads

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3 Citations

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences

Keisuke Kaji

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Munenori Katoh

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Koji Isozaki

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[...]

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Sadao Morita

Previous research has shown that mastication reduces shifts in the center of gravity of persons standing still. The present research was conducted to determine whether mastication improves reactive balance in the standing position in response to unanticipated external disturbances. The subjects were 32 healthy male adults (mean age 21.1 years, standard deviation (SD) 0.7 years). Latency data determined with the Motor Control Test of Computerized Dynamic Posturography (CDP) were compared for the three conditions of mastication status, the direction of translation, and the magnitude of translation, using three-way repeated measures ANOVA and lower-order ANOVA with the three conditions separated. Latency was significantly shorter with mastication than with the lower jaw relaxed (P < 0.00001). Mastication alone, however, cannot be considered significant because of the complex interactions involved among the three conditions. Mastication increases not only static balance but also reactive balance in response to unanticipated external disturbances. Gum chewing may therefore reduce falls among elderly persons with impaired balance.


Three-dimensional motion of the upper extremity joints during various activities of daily living

November 2010

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168 Reads

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99 Citations

Journal of Biomechanics

Highly reliable information on the range of motion (ROM) required to perform activities of daily living (ADL) is important to allow rehabilitation professionals to make appropriate clinical judgments of patients with limited ROM of the upper extremity joints. There are, however, no data available that take full account of corrections for gimbal-lock and soft tissue artifacts, which affect estimation errors for joint angles. We used an electromagnetic three-dimensional tracking system (FASTRAK) to measure the three-dimensional ROM of the upper extremity joints of healthy adults (N=20, age range 18-34) during 16 ADL movement tasks. The ROM required for the performance of each movement was shown in terms of the joint angle at the completion of the task, using a new definition of joint angle and regression analysis to compensate for estimation errors. The results of this study may be useful in setting goals for the treatment of upper extremity joint function.


Reliability of Isometric Knee Extension Muscle Strength Measurement Using a Hand-held Dynamometer with a Belt: A Study of Test-retest Reliability in Healthy Elderly Subjects

November 2010

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21 Reads

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45 Citations

Journal of Physical Therapy Science

[Purpose] The purpose of this research was to study the test-retest reliability of isometric knee extension muscle strength measurement using a hand-held dynamometer (HHD) with a belt, with healthy elderly people living in the community as subjects. [Subjects] The subjects were healthy elderly people living in the community, with an average age of 70.5 years, and measurements were made of the leg on the side that was used to kick a ball. [Method] The subjects sat on a mat table, and isometric knee extension muscle strength measurements using a HHD with a belt were conducted twice, at an interval of 30 seconds, with a knee flexion angle of 90 degrees. The measurement values were classified according to the gender of the subjects, and by age group 65-69 years, 70-74 years, and 75 years and above, and studied. Test-retest reliability was studied using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and checks of the differentials. [Results] The ICC(1,1) between the first and second measurements ranged from 0.85 to 0.92. Apart from the group of men aged 75 years and above, the second measurement values were higher than those of the first. [Conclusion] Test-retest reliability of isometric knee extension muscle strength measurement using a HHD with a belt was high in healthy elderly persons. However, measuring only once, or measuring twice and taking the average was considered inappropriate, since there is the possibility that the values in such cases would be lower than the actual muscle strength.


Evaluation of the age-related changes in movement smoothness in the lower extremity joints during lifting

September 2009

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53 Reads

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17 Citations

Gait & Posture

The purpose of this study was to analyze age-related movement smoothness changes in the lower extremity joints during load lifting. A total of 10 young and 13 elderly subjects participated in the study. Infrared reflective markers were attached to body landmarks in each subject. While the subjects stood on force plates and lifted a box, the marker displacements and ground reaction forces were measured using a 3D motion analysis system. The jerk square mean value (JSM) was defined as the lower extremity joint movement smoothness index during lifting. JSM represented the average of the square of the joint angle third derivative value, according to the jerk third derivative of the position data. Each subject's JSM values were calculated for the hip, knee and ankle joints. Movement smoothness appeared to decrease as JSM increased. Multiple regression analyses were performed for dependent variables (hip, knee and ankle joint JSM values) and independent variables (age, hand grip strength, sex difference and lifting duration). The level of significance was set at p<0.05. For the hip joint JSM, the regression coefficient for age was significantly positive and that for lifting duration was significantly negative. For the knee joint JSM, the regression coefficient for lifting duration was significantly negative. For the ankle joint JSM, the regression coefficients for age and hand grip strength were significantly positive and that for lifting duration was significantly negative. These results suggest that movement smoothness in the hip and ankle joints during lifting decreases with advancing age.


Effect of occlusion status on the time required for initiation of recovery in response to external disturbances in the standing position

March 2007

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64 Reads

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38 Citations

Clinical Biomechanics

To examine whether occlusion status contributes to improvement of postural balance. Thirty healthy adolescents (15 males and 15 females; mean age, 20.3; standard deviation (SD) 1.6 years) with no equilibrium or stomatognathic function abnormalities were examined. Occlusion is a term meaning "jaw clenching." Occlusion status was evaluated by measuring masseter activity using the EMG system. Balancing ability was evaluated using the EquiTest system, which measures sway of the center of gravity produced by rapid movement of force plates as an external disturbance (three intensity levels). The time required for initiation of recovery after application of the disturbance was calculated by measuring displacement of the center of foot pressure. Data were compared according to occlusion status. Little difference in latency was observed following a small disturbances; however, the greater the disturbance the shorter the latency with occlusion, while without occlusion, latency increased with increasing disturbance. A statistically significant interaction (P<0.001) between occlusion and external disturbance was also found. This study suggested that occlusion contributes to maintenance of postural balance and improvement of stability when unexpected sway occurs in the standing position.


CAD/CAM Evaluation of the fit of trans-tibial sockets for trans-tibial amputation stumps

April 2006

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560 Reads

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18 Citations

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences

The purpose of this study was to objectively evaluate the fit of sockets for trans-tibial stumps in order to establish a guideline for use in the automated production of prosthetic sockets. Subjects were 24 trans-tibial amputees. Using a CAD/CAM system, 11 parameters regarding the 3D shape of the stumps and the sockets were objectively evaluated. A correlation was found between the activity level and the upper and lower volumes of the socket, and between the cause of amputation and the upper volume of the socket. It was considered desirable to make the lower part of the socket looser for patients with lower activity levels, to make the upper part tighter for patients with higher activity levels, and to make the upper part looser for amputation patients with peripheral circulatory diseases.

Citations (7)


... The arm length was measured from the lateral cleft of the knee joint to the center of the sensorium on the front surface of the distal lower leg [13,14]. Muscle strength (Nm/kg) was expressed as torque divided by body weight (kg) and measured twice; the average value was used because the variability in measurement was higher in older women [15,16]. ...

Reference:

Reference intervals for knee functions specific to outpatients with knee osteoarthritis: a cross-sectional study
Reliability of Isometric Knee Extension Muscle Strength Measurement Using a Hand-held Dynamometer with a Belt: A Study of Test-retest Reliability in Healthy Elderly Subjects
  • Citing Article
  • November 2010

Journal of Physical Therapy Science

... The measurements were acquired twice, and the better of the two results was selected as the representative value. The test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for this measurement method ranged from 0.85 to 0.92 19) . In addition, the inter-rater ICC was 0.93 20) . ...

Reliability of Isometric Knee Extension Muscle Strength Measurements of Healthy Elderly Subjects Made with a Hand-held Dynamometer and a Belt

Journal of Physical Therapy Science

... It has been reported that masticatory movements can physiologically improve the cerebral blood flow [4], and also improve cognition, and mood, and reduce stress by relieving anxiety [5,6]. Further studies have discussed the relationships between masticatory movements and static [7,8] and dynamic [9] balance of body posture, leg muscle activity [10], neck muscle activity [11], head posture [12], and upper body movement [13]. ...

The Effect of Mastication on Reaction Latency to Unanticipated ExternalDisturbances in the Standing Position.
  • Citing Article
  • December 2012

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences

... For U/E kinematic performance, previous studies found a median AROM improvement of 20° in the shoulder joint for both shoulder abduction and shoulder flexion after receiving intervention with physical therapy (PT) and VR game training using a home-based training system [56]. These patients were arranged to receive the combination intervention of Table 3 The outcomes of the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) between pre-and post-training assessments, including flexor and extensor muscle tone for hip, knee, ankle, elbow, and wrist joints [40,41], and the green line showed the upper limit functional ROM for the performance of all activities of daily living (ADLs) [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55]. The asterisk indicated the significant difference with α = 0.05 (Fig. 3a), and parameters of axis length and ellipse area (EA) obtained by fitting the trajectories of COM in R/L and S/I components with 95% confidence (Fig. 3b) 20 sessions of PT and 20 sessions of Kinect-based VR game training, and the training frequency for PT and Kinect-based VR game training was 1 h a day with a duration of 4 weeks and 1200 min in total [56]. ...

Three-dimensional motion of the upper extremity joints during various activities of daily living
  • Citing Article
  • November 2010

Journal of Biomechanics

... On the other hand, although a correct execution of the lifting by the lower limbs can allow the trunk to stoop less reducing net moments, muscle forces, and internal spinal load [23], lower limbs have received little consideration to date and few studies are available in the literature [24][25][26][27][28]. Furthermore, lower limb work-related musculoskeletal diseases 2 of 12 are still present and widespread [29], (e.g., it is possible to see the incidence and prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal diseases in Italy at the link https://bancadaticsa.inail.it, ...

Evaluation of the age-related changes in movement smoothness in the lower extremity joints during lifting
  • Citing Article
  • September 2009

Gait & Posture

... Scanning and processing of the EGM of the receiving sleeve were most crucial in the process aimed at unloading of the stump areas that were not adapted to pressure and transferring them to loadtolerant areas. The process was similar to the processing of a positive plaster cast in the traditional fabrication approach for prostheses [26][27][28]. From our point of view, the main disadvantage of the technique was the lack of direct contact between the prosthetist and the patient. It was difficult to identify and adequately model the corresponding parts of the stump with EGM. ...

CAD/CAM Evaluation of the fit of trans-tibial sockets for trans-tibial amputation stumps

Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences

... The studies comprising the occlusion effects on the balance refer mostly to static occlusion (Bracco et al., 1998;Gangloff et al., 2000;Julià-Sánchez et al., 2015Michelotti et al., 2011;Nowak et al., 2023;Sakaguchi et al., 2007;Tardieu et al., 2009). However, even if it is very rare, the term "occlusion" can also be used as a synonym for "jaw clenching" (Hosoda et al., 2007). In this thesis, the term "jaw clenching" will be preferred over "occlusion" if the term "occlusion" is used to refer to "jaw clenching". ...

Effect of occlusion status on the time required for initiation of recovery in response to external disturbances in the standing position
  • Citing Article
  • March 2007

Clinical Biomechanics