Koen Devos’s research while affiliated with Research Institute for Nature and Forest and other places

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Publications (89)


Evaluatie van de instandhoudingsdoelstellingen met aanbevelingen voor het beleid
  • Technical Report
  • Full-text available

August 2023

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Figure 2 Decision tree and workflow for the design of new monitoring schemes in Flanders.
Vascular plants monitored in Meetnetten.be. Leg. = Legislation. EPS = European Priority Species (HD II = Habitats Directive Annex II species), FPS = Flemish Priority Species.
Spiders monitored in Meetnetten.be. Leg. = Legislation: FPS = Flemish Priority Species.
Monitoring schemes for species of conservation concern in Flanders (northern Belgium) An overview of established schemes and the design of an additional monitoring scheme

July 2023

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460 Reads

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4 Citations

International and regional legislations require authorities to report regularly on the state of species of conservation concern in their region or country (e.g., the EU Birds and Habitats Directives). Monitoring schemes for species across a variety of taxonomic groups are being set up to estimate abundance trends. In Flanders (northern Belgium), until recently there were 14 established monitoring schemes covering eight taxonomic groups mainly for species of the EU Birds and Habitats Directives. After the publication of a list of species of regional conservation concern with a monitoring requirement, a quality and effectiveness check of the established monitoring schemes was executed. Some were optimised to make them more cost-effective (e.g., lower number of sampling points, lower sampling frequency). In addition, we checked for priority species that were not covered by any of the existing monitoring schemes and designed new schemes for the remaining 88 species. An important criterion for the new monitoring schemes is its applicability/feasibility by trained citizen scientists. Therefore, information needs and minimum data requirements were listed and distribution data were compiled for each species. For rare species, all known sites were to be monitored, while for more widespread species, a subset of monitoring sites was selected through a eneralised Random Tessellation Stratified sampling strategy (GRTS). Finally, for each species, a detailed monitoring protocol was generated, periodically evaluated and systematically optimised. Additionally, a web portal and mobile application were developed for entry and reporting of the monitoring data. In the future, new monitoring techniques (e.g., environmental DNA (eDNA) and other molecular identification methods (metabarcoding), automated species detection using cameras, pheromones, conservation dogs) will also be considered for integration in the monitoring schemes for elusive species. The way in which new monitoring schemes were designed for species of conservation concern in Flanders can serve as a useful example for other countries and regions.





The transmission lines collision risk map for the whole of Belgium, shows the risk at any location in the country. This is a theoretical score not accounting for the current presence/absence of a power line, based only on the additive presence or high abundance of the sensitive species.
Map of the existing transmissions lines, colour-coded according to the bird collision risk they represent. Most of the high-priority lines are close to important waterbird sites, but numerous segments are also located in the central part of the country, in the historically industrial river valleys.
Frequency distribution of grouped risk scores for the total length of overhead line spans (for the whole of Belgium).
Sensitivity mapping informs mitigation of bird mortality by collision with high-voltage power lines

March 2022

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380 Reads

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7 Citations

Mapping the relative risk of impact on nature by a human infrastructure at a landscape scale (“sensitivity mapping”) is an essential tool for minimising the future impact of new development or for prioritising mitigation of existing impacts. High-voltage power lines (“transmission lines”) are known to increase bird mortality by collision. Here we present a method to derive a high resolution map of relative risk of transmission line impacts across one entire country, Belgium, from existing bird distribution data. First, all the bird species observed in Belgium were systematically assessed using literature and casualty records to select those to be included in the sensitivity map. Species were selected on the basis of their intrinsic susceptibility to collision and the conservation relevance of avoiding additional mortality for that species in Belgium. Each of the selected species was included in one or several spatial layer constructed from existing data, emerging from citizen science bird monitoring schemes. The resulting 17 layers were then combined into one final sensitivity map, where a “risk score” estimates the relative collision risk across Belgium at a 1×1 km resolution. This risk score is relatively robust to the subtraction of any of the 17 layers. The map identifies areas where building new transmission lines would create high risk of collision and, if overlapped with existing power lines, helps to prioritise spans where mitigation measures should be placed. Wetlands and river valleys stand out as the most potentially dangerous areas for collision with transmission lines. This sensitivity map could be regularly updated with new bird data or adapted to other countries where similar bird data are available.


Survey sites (a) in a protected area (PA) under the Natura 2000 (N2K) network scheme included in this study (n = 3018). The N2K characteristics include (b) waterbirds targeted, (c) management plan prepared, (d) LIFE funding obtained, and site designation is (e) early or (f) late (early before 2000, the middle year based on PA designation period or 1982–2017)
Estimated temporal trends of community temperature index (CTI) and temperature in survey sites protected under the Natura 2000 (N2K) network (black, CTI trends that differ significantly from 0; gray, CTI trends that do not differ significantly from 0; lines, SE; dot size, proportional to number of sites [reported in Table 1]): (a) main effects of site characteristics (i.e., waterbirds targeted, management plan, LIFE funding, early designation [before 2000], and none of these characteristics) and (b) temporal trends in CTI and temperature for all the possible combinations of N2K characteristics (bars between graphs, trends separated by characteristic; point showing fastest temporal trend, sites targeting waterbirds with a management plan; second point from the top, sites targeting waterbirds, etc.). To facilitate visual interpretation, y‐axes differ between sites designated early and late
Protected area characteristics that help waterbirds respond to climate warming

February 2022

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758 Reads

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9 Citations

Protected area networks help species respond to climate warming. However, the contribution of a site's environmental and conservation‐relevant characteristics to these responses is not well understood. We investigated how composition of nonbreeding waterbird communities (97 species) in the European Union Natura 2000 (N2K) network (3018 sites) changed in response to increases in temperature over 25 years in 26 European countries. We measured community reshuffling based on abundance time series collected under the International Waterbird Census relative to N2K sites’ conservation targets, funding, designation period, and management plan status. Waterbird community composition in sites explicitly designated to protect them and with management plans changed more quickly in response to climate warming than in other N2K sites. Temporal community changes were not affected by the designation period despite greater exposure to temperature increase inside late‐designated N2K sites. Sites funded under the LIFE program had lower climate‐driven community changes than sites that did not received LIFE funding. Our findings imply that efficient conservation policy that helps waterbird communities respond to climate warming is associated with sites specifically managed for waterbirds.


Provinciaal Prioritaire Soorten in de provincie Vlaams-Brabant Versie 2021

In dit rapport geven we voor negen taxonomische groepen (vaatplanten, amfibieën en reptielen, vissen, broedvogels, overwinterende watervogels, zoogdieren, dagvlinders, libellen en sprinkhanen en krekels) een geactualiseerde lijst van soorten die belangrijk zijn voor het provinciale natuurbehoud, -beheer en/of -beleid in Vlaams-Brabant. De gegevensbronnen en de methodiek worden beschreven in een apart rapport (Maes et al. 2021). Naast de lijst met soorten geven we ook een heat map met daarop de locaties met de hoogste natuurbehoudswaarde in de provincie gebaseerd op de provinciaal prioritaire soorten.


Figuur 6 Heat map van de provinciaal prioritaire en provinciaal belangrijke habitattypische broedvogels per kilometerhok in Antwerpen. Hoe donkerder de kleur, hoe belangrijker de locatie. Natura2000-gebieden worden in het groen weergegeven.
Provinciaal Prioritaire Soorten in de provincie Antwerpen Versie 2021

In dit rapport geven we voor negen taxonomische groepen (vaatplanten, amfibieën en reptielen, vissen, broedvogels, overwinterende watervogels, zoogdieren, dagvlinders, libellen en sprinkhanen en krekels) een geactualiseerde lijst van soorten die belangrijk zijn voor het provinciale natuurbehoud, -beheer en/of -beleid in Antwerpen. De gegevensbronnen en de methodiek worden beschreven in een apart rapport (Maes et al. 2021). Naast de lijst met soorten geven we ook een heat map met daarop de locaties met de hoogste natuurbehoudswaarde in de provincie gebaseerd op de provinciaal prioritaire soorten.


Figuur 1 Flowchart voor het bepalen van provinciaal prioritaire soorten.
Criteria voor het aanduiden van provinciaal prioritaire soorten. Materiaal en methode Versie 2021

January 2022

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93 Reads

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5 Citations

In dit rapport, dat samen met de vijf provinciale rapporten één geheel vormt, beschrijven we de procedure voor de afbakening van provinciaal prioritaire soorten, maar ook van andere soorten die voor het provinciale natuurbehoud en/of -beleid van belang kunnen zijn. Naast provinciaal prioritaire soorten sensu Bauwens et al. (2001), waarbij de soorten zowel op de Rode Lijst moeten staan als beduidend meer voorkomen in de provincie dan in de rest van Vlaanderen, gebruiken we in deze analyse ook Vogel- of Habitatrichtlijnsoorten en Vlaams prioritaire soorten. Om soorten te kunnen gebruiken bij een meer biotoopgericht beheer, duiden we ook habitattypische soorten aan die beduidend wijder verspreid zijn in bepaalde provincies dan in de rest van Vlaanderen. Om locaties weer te geven waar veel van de soorten van provinciaal belang voorkomen, maken we op basis van de kilometerhokgegevens of meetpuntlocaties een heat map die een beeld geeft van de verspreiding van de natuurbehoudswaarde in de provincie. Voor de behandelde soortgroepen (vaatplanten, amfibieën en reptielen, vissen, broedvogels, overwinterende watervogels, zoogdieren, dagvlinders, libellen, sprinkhanen en krekels) geven we aan waar de gegevens vandaan komen en wat de inventarisatiegraad is. Daarnaast geven we voor elk van de taxonomische groepen een overzicht van de soorten die in aanmerking komen om geselecteerd te worden als provinciaal prioritaire soort. Van enkele andere soortgroepen (bladmossen, vleermuizen, mollusken, saproxyle kevers en spinnen) waartoe ook Habitatrichtlijnsoorten en/of Vlaams prioritaire soorten behoren, geven we enkel aan of ze in de provincie voorkomen. De resultaten van deze analyse worden in vijf afzonderlijke rapporten (één per provincie) besproken. We bediscussiëren uiteindelijk bondig hoe deze soorten gebruikt kunnen worden in het provinciale natuurbehoud en -beleid en hoe de set van soorten, indien gewenst, nog verder uitgebreid zou kunnen worden.


Citations (44)


... Also in other European countries, monitoring activities have been carried out for a long time with respect to specific insect groups such as moths (e.g. Valtonen et al., 2017;Maes et al., 2023), carabid beetles (e.g. Homburg et al., 2019) and freshwater insects (Haase et al., 2023). ...

Reference:

The German insect monitoring scheme: Establishment of a nationwide long-term recording of arthropods
Monitoring schemes for species of conservation concern in Flanders (northern Belgium) An overview of established schemes and the design of an additional monitoring scheme

... In het daarop volgende decennium werd jaarlijks gerapporteerd via korte bijdragen in Vogelnieuws, de ornithologische nieuwsbrief van INBO (zie o.a. Vermeersch & Lewylle 2007, Vermeersch & Onkelinx 2012, Vermeersch et al. 2015, 2019b. ...

Algemene Broedvogels Vlaanderen (ABV); nieuwe cijfers na 4 afgewerkte telcycli (2007-’18).
  • Citing Article
  • June 2019

... Birds 2025, 6, 5 2 of 13 cables, with grids expected to grow in the future; therefore, minimizing bird fatalities on both existing and future power lines is critical [9]. The electrocution of a bird occurs when a gap is bridged (completely or within close proximity) between two energized components (e.g., conductors) or an energized and an earthed (also called 'grounded') component of a power line structure. ...

Sensitivity mapping informs mitigation of bird mortality by collision with high-voltage power lines

... Habitatrichtlijn (Louette et al. 2015 De methodiek voor het bepalen van soorten die voor het provinciale natuurbehoud en -beheer belangrijk kunnen zijn, wordt beschreven in Maes et al. (2021). In dit rapport geven we de resultaten voor de provincie Antwerpen. ...

Criteria voor het aanduiden van provinciaal prioritaire soorten. Materiaal en methode Versie 2021

... In such a post-industrial setting, it is easily overlooked that 46 percent of the Flemish land area is still being used for agricultural and horticultural activities (Statbel, 2019b). For comparison, 26% of Flanders is under some sort of juridical protection as a nature area, although only 7.1% is under effective nature management (Vriens et al., 2021). In the last two centuries, agriculture in Flanders has been shaped largely by neighboring industrial activities. ...

Natuurindicatoren 2021, Toestand van de natuur in Vlaanderen. Cijfers voor het beleid. Natuurrapport Vlaanderen

... Designation of protected areas was not necessarily specific to waterbirds and the level of protection was not filtered from the IUCN protected area management categories, such that effective protection of waterbirds and their habitats can range from weak to strong. We did not consider the time since designation as a proxy for conservation effectiveness to avoid additional model complexity (but see Gaget et al., 2022). All species of waterbirds have been recorded at sites inside and outside of protected areas. ...

Protected area characteristics that help waterbirds respond to climate warming

... This variety of management types is relevant for the conservation of different values of nature, especially in a context where human-induced environmental changes already dominate landscapes. However, the designation and management of Natura 2000 protected areas only consider certain rare species and ecosystem types, do not explicitly consider NCP (14), and have been repeatedly criticized for not integrating local beneficiaries (15). ...

Bridging the gap between the Natura 2000 regional conservation status and local conservation objectives
  • Citing Article
  • September 2011

Journal for Nature Conservation

... These measures would help maintain waterfowl species in a changing climatic context, where the impact of future changes, such as an increase in salinity at the scale of the delta through intensified periods of drought and a rise in sea level (Pachauri et al. 2014), could not only influence the local distribution but also decrease the attractiveness of the delta and hence Teal population size at the Camargue scale. Furthermore, the species to be conserved in a given wetland may change in the future with climate change (Gaget et al. 2021), with Teal gradually getting replaced by other wintering water birds. It is therefore necessary not only to target the ecological needs of the species currently present on a given wetland, but also to consider the needs of future species and adjust management accordingly. ...

Non-breeding waterbirds benefit from protected areas when adjusting their distribution to climate warming

... Die houdt rekening met een combinatie van factoren, zoals het aantal vliegbewegingen, het type vliegbewegingen, de aanwezige aantallen, de aanwezigheid van zeldzame soorten … Een hogere risicoscore kan betekenen dat de kans op aanvliegingen voor bepaalde soorten op bepaalde momenten hoog is, maar kan ook wijzen op een verhoogde kans op aanvliegingen van zeldzame soorten, waarbij de aanvlieging een belangrijker effect op de natuurwaarden zou kunnen hebben. De 'overall risk score' is een theoretische score die geen rekening houdt met de aan-of afwezigheid van hoogspanningslijnen. (Bron: Derouaux et al. 2020) The risk map shows which areas in Belgium are less or more prone to make collision victims. The risk scores take into account a combination of factors, such as the number and the type of flight movements, the numbers of birds present, the presence of rare species, etc. ...

Reducing the risk of bird collisions with high-voltage power lines in Belgium through sensitivity mapping: 2020 update

... Thermophilisation results from colonisation by species with warm affinities (tropicalisation) and/or local extinction of species with cool affinities (deborealisation) (McLean et al. 2021). However, the relative roles of colonisation and local extinction, and consequences for ecosystem function, have rarely been assessed (Gaget et al. 2021;Hemberger and Williams 2024;Khaliq et al. 2024). Landscapes that can accommodate range shifts while supporting cold-adapted species may be critical for conservation (Fourcade et al. 2021), as exemplified by 'refugia' that provide localised cool or stable climatic conditions (Ashcroft et al. 2012;Dobrowski 2011). ...

Benefits of protected areas for nonbreeding waterbirds adjusting their distributions under climate warming