Kavimani Thangasamy's research works | Bharathiar University and other places

Global burden of liver cirrhosis and HCC

a Geographical distribution of Desmodiumplant species. b country level geographical distribution of Desmodium species (1730–2022). c Conservation status ofDesmodium species (1730–2022). d pie-chart showing the percentage number of species in Critically Endangered (CR), Endangered (EN) and Vulnerable (VU) categories

a Compounds isolated from D. heterophyllum (1–4). b Compound isolated from D. adscendens. c Compounds isolated from D. caudatum (6–13). d Compounds isolated from D. uncinatum(14–27). e Compounds isolated from D. styracifolium (28–43). f Compounds isolated from D. gangeticum (44–52). g Compounds isolated from D. blandum (53–60). h Compounds isolated from D. elegans (61 & 63). i Compounds isolated from D. velutinum (64–68)

Products derived from Desmodium species (a) traditional plant medicine in Central and South America D. molliculum (Manayupa) and D. adscendens,b) Homeopathic medicine product D. gangeticum, c and e Hepatic detoxifier D. adscendens, d and hDesmodium Herbal Tea helps the liver to cleanse and regenerate D. adsendens and D. gangeticum, f, g and i tonic and dietary supplement formulated with D. adscendens and vitamin C

Outline of the pathophysiology of liver disease and histopathological progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. a Risk factors for hepatotoxicity can be classified into exogenous vs. endogenous factors. From mechanistic point of view risk factors can affect at different levels of events leading to liver injury. Initial injury exerted through direct cell stress, direct mitochondrial inhibition (β-oxidation) which cause mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, oxidative stress and increased level of ROS, all leading to hepatic inflammation. b Mitochondrial Permebility Transistion (MPT) leads to necrosis or apoptosis depending on the availability of ATP, Extensive ROS formation and steatohepatitis induces the release of inflammatory cytokines which caused apoptosis and necrosis of hepatocytes. c Necrotic hepatocytes send danger signals to neighbouring cells (HSCs and KCs) that induce the activation leading to fibrotic remodelling of extracellular matrix such as collagen synthesis and deposition to fibrosis. d Progressive and continuous cycles of this destruction—regenerative process culminates in cirrhosis. e Cirrhosis is characterized by abnormal liver nodule formation surrounded by collagen deposition and scaring. Subsequently, hyperplastic nodules followed by dysplastic nodules and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)

A comprehensive review of the Desmodium genus: An innovative exploration of its phytopharmacological characteristics, hepatoprotective capabilities, underlying mechanisms of action and possible applications

May 2024

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Phytochemistry Reviews

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Liver disease is a significant global health concern, leading to around two million fatalities annually. This disorder encompasses a broad range of causes, including both well-established factors such as lifestyle choices, as well as less understood origins such as pre-existing medical diseases. In the present scenario, liver cancer poses a significant worldwide health concern, with projections indicating that the number of cases is expected to exceed one million by the year 2025. According to the World Health Organization, numerous developing nations, such as India, continue to rely on the utilization of plants and plant-derived substances for the treatment of diverse ailments. Desmodium Desv., a genus within the Fabaceae family, encompasses about 350 species that are primarily found in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. These plants have a long-standing history of traditional medicinal use in India, Thailand, and China, particularly for the treatment of liver diseases. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the ethnobotanical applications, phytoconstituents, and hepatoprotective properties associated with all species of Desmodium. The research employed various methodologies. Data on the Desmodium genus was collected up until the year 2022 through the examination of research articles, patents, and diverse online bibliographic databases such as PubMed, Research Gate, PubChem, Science Direct, Scopus, Wiley Online Library, Web of Science, eOL, POWO, and IUCN. The online search was conducted using the following keywords: Desmodium species, review articles, ethnobotanical uses, phytochemical constituents, and hepatoprotective property. In conclusion, it can be inferred that Ethnobotanical research has revealed that these particular species possess diverse pharmacological attributes, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, cytotoxic, and hepatoprotective activities. The analysis of phytochemistry reveals the presence of various compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, and other constituents inside these species. Out of a total of 350 species, it has been observed that 18 possess hepatoprotective properties. In order to substantiate the hepatoprotective applications and advance the development of prominent pharmaceuticals, additional pharmacological investigations including animal models and phytochemical explorations are necessary. Graphical abstract

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Kavimani Thangasamy’s research while affiliated with Bharathiar University and other places

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