Katsuji Nishi’s research while affiliated with Shiga University of Medical Science and other places

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Publications (102)


An Autopsy Case of Disorganized Type of Schizophrenia: Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area
  • Chapter

October 2021

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9 Reads

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Tatsuro Oda

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Akiyoshi Nishimura

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Katsuji Nishi

UNEXPECTED DEATH OF REGULAR HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS.
  • Article
  • Full-text available

April 2017

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14 Reads

International Journal of Advanced Research

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Katsuji Nishi

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[...]

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Hiroshi Matsumoto
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Contraction Bands Are Induced by Cardiac Massage Itself

June 2016

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43 Reads

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3 Citations

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology: official publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners

Pathological contraction bands (CB) are recognized as a type of necrosis pattern found in the myocardium. It is well known that CB are induced by cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with cardiac massage. However, it is not known whether the reperfusion or massage itself causes the formation of CB. We studied 10 cardiac tissues taken from forensic autopsy cases that had not received CPR. We excluded the cases where the cause of death was a cardiac event. After making sections for forensic research, we massaged the left ventricles for 10 minutes. We found CB in all cases with massage performed within 12 hours after death, which is the time frame for supravital reactions. We did not find CB in any cases where more than 24 hours had elapsed since the time of death. Contraction bands were not observed in any sections that were taken before massage. We suggested here that CB induced by CPR were caused by the cardiac massage itself, and that most CPR-induced CB are not contraction band necrosis but rather artifactual CB.


Determination of Both Fetus’ and Mother's Blood Type from an Autopsy Case Immersed in Formalin for Over 50 Years

March 2016

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16 Reads

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2 Citations

Journal of Forensic Sciences

A female fetus which had been immersed in formalin for more than 50 years was found in Japan. Because no liquid blood could be obtained, we tried to use immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods to tissue samples obtained at autopsy to identify both the fetal and mother's blood type. We detected B antigens on endothelial cells in paraffin sections of the fetal organs. Furthermore, we observed both anti-A- and anti-B-positive red blood cells in the intervillous space, which is indicative of the mother's blood type. To our knowledge, this is the first case report on determining the blood type of both the fetus and the mother from tissue immersed in formalin for such a long time. The results suggest that IHC is valuable for the determination of ABO blood type in circumstances of long postmortem duration and unfavorable storage conditions.


A Survey of Solitary Deaths in Japan for Shortening Postmortem Interval Until Discover/ Студија На Смртни Случаи На Самци Во Јапонија За Скратување На Постмортем Интервалот До Откривањето

June 2015

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189 Reads

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2 Citations

PRILOZI

Recently in advanced nations, the number of solitary households is increasing. Data from Japanese population survey in 2010 showed that the percent of solitary households was 32.4% and that was the largest category of household types. The Japanese government regards solitary death as important problem, but a useful survey on solitary death has not been performed. We have focused on the postmortem interval until discovery of the death as a measure of solitary deaths. We conducted a survey of 582 forensic autopsy cases in the Osaka medical examiner’s office over three years, from April in 2010 till March in 2012. We excluded suicide cases. We collected data on the, gender, age, postmortem interval (PMI) until discovery, family structure, situation of discovery of the body, cause of death, and the time interval from the last hospital visit. Here, we found that people who had high risk of solitary death ranged in, age from 60 to 69 which is the age of retirement for many people. In order to prevent solitary death, we suggest that people who live alone should take better care of themselves and participate in a community setting after their retirement. We can show that the recent efforts of the Japanese government for reducing solitary death had been working well. The government care givers take care of the person living alone almost like their own family. We also suggest that the people who unfortunately do not have any home care should subscribe to a newspaper for shortening the PMI.


Figure 1: TH-immunoreactive (-ir) fibers in the frontal cortex, area 2 of 8-day-old pup following maternal exposure to RCS. (A, C) A control rat. (B, D) A prenatal RCS rat. The quantity of TH-ir fibers is lower in the prenatally RCS rat, especially in layers II and III. Cortical TH-ir fibers of RCS show a reduced number of large varicosities. An arrow indicates a varicose fiber of the control rat. Bar A,B: 100 μm C,D: 25μm. 
Figure 2: The LC (A6) neurons of prenatally RCS rats showed lower TH immunoreactivity. 
Figure 3: The medullary A1/C1 region (ventrolateral medulla) of an RCS rat demonstrated small TH-ir neuronal cell bodies and fewer TH-ir fibers. 
Prenatal maternal stress due to repeated exposure to a cold environment affects development of catecholamine neurons in rat offsprings: An immunohistochemical study

March 2015

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153 Reads

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2 Citations

We examined the effect of maternal repeated cold stress (RCS) on the development of catecholamine neurons in offsprings using 8-day-old pups and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. RCS was loaded to pregnant rats between days 10 and 20 after fertilization. The frontal and cingulate cortices tended to contain fewer TH-immunoreactive (-ir) fibers, and the density of TH-ir varicosities with a large size (more than 7 μm in diameter) was significantly (p<0.05) less in rats prenatally exposed to RCS than controls. The locus coeruleus neurons of rat prenatally exposed to RCS displayed less TH immunoreactivity than controls. In the medullary C1/A1 catecholaminergic field, size of TH-ir neurons was smaller and the quantity of TH-ir fibers was less in prenatally RCS exposed rats, although the difference was not significant. In the originating and projection fields of midbrain dopaminergic systems, we could not detect any differences in TH-ir structures between the two groups. These findings indicated that prenatal RCS impaired the development of catecholaminergic neurons, especially the noradrenergic neurons of pups.


FIGURE 3. CCC9 − /SIRT1 − staining: In comparison with the staining of the background cells, this CB was clearly negative for SIRT1 (B). The cause of death of this case was drowning after falling into a river in the winter. Figure 3 can be viewed online in color at www.amjforensicmedicine.com. 
Classification of Contraction Bands Using Immunohistochemistry

March 2015

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123 Reads

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8 Citations

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology: official publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners

Pathological contraction bands (CBs) are a type of necrosis pattern found in the myocardium. The composition of CB is not well studied. This is because CBs have diverse forms and can be observed in various causes of death. In pathology fields, CBs are classified artifactual CB and CB necrosis. We have identified different forms of CB by examining the expression and distribution of complement component C9 (CCC9) and Sirtuin1 by immunohistochemistry in the myocardium of patients who died because of different causes of death. We used cardiac tissues with CB from 30 forensic autopsy cases in our department from the last 2 years. We excluded the cases that had very little CB. We found that our CB classification based on expression levels of both CCC9 and Sirtuin1 correlated well with the agonal situation, including high temperature, myocardial infarction, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and hypothermia. On the basis of these results, we here advocate a classification scheme based on immunohistochemistry. Furthermore, we found that CB necrosis could be detected using immunostaining with CCC9. Using our classification scheme, it will be possible to more accurately research each type of CB and the causative mechanisms.


Figure 1. The superficial contusion in the liver. (Case 10). 
Autopsy-Based Study of Abdominal Traffic Trauma Death after Emergency Room Arrival

January 2015

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94 Reads

Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research

We experienced the autopsy cases that the deceased was alive in emergency room on arrival. Bleeding is the leading cause of preventable death after injury. This retrospective study aimed to characterize opportunities for performance improvements identified in patients who died from traffic trauma and were considered by the quality improvement of education system. We focused the abdominal traffic trauma injury. An autopsy-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select the study sample of 41 post-mortems of road traffic accident. 16 patients (39.0%) were abdominal trauma injury. The mean period of survival after meeting with accident was 13.5 hours, and compared abdominal trauma death was 27.4 hours longer. In road traffic accidents, the most injured abdominal organs were the liver followed by mesentery. We thought that delayed treatment was associated with immediate diagnostic imaging, and so expected to expand trauma management examination.


Immunohistochemical evaluation of hypoxia markers in the myocardium

December 2014

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27 Reads

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2 Citations

Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences

Some proteins, termed hypoxia markers, are more highly expressed in hypoxic cells including ischemic cells. We evaluated the timing of the expression of various hypoxia markers and their specificity of expression in the myocardium in various causes of death. We selected two cases for each cause of death from the forensic autopsies performed by our department and evaluated the diffuse expression of hypoxia markers in the myocardium. We also evaluated the focal expression of these markers in the ventricles of five sudden cardiac death cases. We found that the expression of hypoxia markers in the myocardium varied depending on the cause of death and length of the dying process. This information may help in determining the cause of death in forensic medicine. In particular, we identified RBM3 and CCC9 as markers for ischemic heart disease. Immunohistological staining of myocardium with hypoxia markers could help to find the cause leading to death.


A Case and Review of Death Associated with Ingestion of Detergent

September 2014

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187 Reads

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2 Citations

Forensic Medicine and Anatomy Research

We experienced an autopsy case of a death associated with ingestion of liquid detergent. The de-ceased was an 82-year-old woman who was found dead in a bed room. Autopsy revealed corrosive changes of the mucosal surfaces of the lung. The larynx, trachea and stomach contained mucoid matter with abundant froth. Toxicological investigations detected polyethylene glycol in the bron-chus, blood and gastric contents using headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sur-factants generally have low toxicity but can cause damage to the mucous membrane of the respi-ratory tract. We report here an autopsy case of death by suicidal ingestion of liquid detergent with special regard to the histochemical findings of the case study.


Citations (60)


... In individual cases, one should consider carrying out a toxicological analysis of the formalin solution in which the tissue has been fixed (Nikolaou et al. 2013). Otherwise, determination of both fetus' and mother's blood type by immunohistochemistry from an autopsy case immersed in formalin for over 50 years is reported (Uno et al. 2016). ...

Reference:

Staining Techniques and Microscopy
Determination of Both Fetus’ and Mother's Blood Type from an Autopsy Case Immersed in Formalin for Over 50 Years
  • Citing Article
  • March 2016

Journal of Forensic Sciences

... In both humans and rodents, in experimental hypothermic deaths, microsco revealed moderate to severe alterations of the cardiac muscle architecture, wi adherence between cardiac cells, cardiomyocytes fragmentation and degenerati variable vacuoles (vacuolar, colliquative myocytolysis, or fatty changes) in differe of the myocardium [24][25][26]. Although non-specific contraction bands are constan ticed in myocardial tissue in deaths due to cardiac infarction and traffic accidents, without heart injury, these are more frequently noticed in fatal hypothermia [2,25 features are in agreement with the findings in our study group, showing con ...

Histopathological characteristics of human cardiac tissues in accidental hypothermia using conventional staining techniques
  • Citing Article
  • December 2012

Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine

... Solitary death results in high costs with regard to dealing with the remains and personal belongings of the deceased, which has a very negative impact on their family and neighbors. The phenomenon of solitary death is mainly attributed to a decreasing proportion of older Japanese people living in multi-generational housing and instead living alone [32,45]. Older people who live alone are more likely to lack social contacts with family and neighbors, and are therefore more likely to die alone and remain undiscovered. ...

A Survey of Solitary Deaths in Japan for Shortening Postmortem Interval Until Discover/ Студија На Смртни Случаи На Самци Во Јапонија За Скратување На Постмортем Интервалот До Откривањето

PRILOZI

... After ingestion, a grade 2a esophageal injury as well as erythema and ulcerations of the gastric mucosa ensued (Nguyen et al. 2014). Furukawa et al. (2014) reported the fatal case of an 88year-old woman who accidentally ingested approximately 1/3 of a bottle of a liquid neutral detergent containing a surface active agent (40 w/w%). At autopsy, what seems to have been aspiration of this substance caused congested and edematous lungs with corrosive changes in the bronchi (Furukawa et al. 2014). ...

A case of death associated with ingestion of liquid neutral detergent
  • Citing Article
  • April 2014

Clinical Toxicology

... According to our results, metabolism, in particular by CYP2D6, appears to play an important role in detoxifying 4-FMA. One study regarding 4-FMA metabolism using human liver microsomes with recombinant CYP2D6 revealed that 4-FMA undergoes N-demethylation into 4-FA (Taniguchi et al., 2013). In our work, the inhibition of CYP2D6 resulted in a decrease in the EC 50 , which could imply that the conversion of 4-FMA to 4-FA via CYP2D6 helps to decrease the toxicity of the drug in the system. ...

Comparative in Vitro Studies of the Metabolism of Six 4-Substituted Methamphetamines and Their Inhibition of Cytochrome P450 2D6 by GC-MS with Trifluoroacetyl Derivatization

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry

... Our patient received left internal mammary artery grafts (LIMA) graft to her dissected LAD. Furukawa, et al. 20 presented a case of RCA dissection after blunt chest trauma sion due to resuscitation: the patient died 4 hours later. Our patient survived her coronary dissection because of a faint LAD run-off and absence of life-threatening arrhythmias. ...

An autopsy case of blunt chest trauma from a traffic accident complicated by chest compression due to resuscitation attempts
  • Citing Article
  • June 2012

Romanian Journal of Legal Medicine

... The sequence of unpredictable different stressors such as restraint, forced swim, and an exposure to an open space was applied to pregnant mice in order to prevent the possible adaptation to stressors. Stress-mediated activation of the maternal HPA axis resulting in an elevation of the concentration of corticosterone in the maternal blood [17,65] causes changes in the development of sensitive tissues of the foetus, in particular, of catecholaminergic neurons [66]. This is considered to be critical for a stress-triggered pathology. ...

Prenatal maternal stress due to repeated exposure to a cold environment affects development of catecholamine neurons in rat offsprings: An immunohistochemical study

... The concentration of circulating catecholamines during a stroke is associated with an elevated risk of myocardial injury. A chronic increase in circulating catecholamines promotes inflammation, fibrosis, and contraction band necrosis [16]. Contraction band necrosis is a form of uncontrolled cell death specific to myocardial cells, arising from hypercontractility due to excessive adrenergic stimulation. ...

Classification of Contraction Bands Using Immunohistochemistry

The American journal of forensic medicine and pathology: official publication of the National Association of Medical Examiners

... With regard to sudden death due to ischemic heart disease, we barely had obtained typical pathological changes because of the short survival period. However, CC9-positive and SIRT1negative findings show acute damage of myocardial cells (Morita et al. 2015a;Morita et al. 2015b). In this study, we confirmed that this immunohistochemical approach is useful for detecting damaged myocytes, even for sudden death by myocarditis. ...

Immunohistochemical evaluation of hypoxia markers in the myocardium
  • Citing Article
  • December 2014

Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences

... 4) Intranasal administration of drugs, expecting retrograde transport of neuroactive substances or their precursors through the olfactory bulb, might be a novel therapeutic strategy (①~③). It is a possible preferable method of administration, as it devoid of gastrointestinal side effects [38,39,40]. In this context, further investigation remain to be performed. ...

Lectin-positive spherical deposits (SPD) detected in the molecular layer of hippocampal dentate gyrus of dementia, Down' s syndrome, and schizophrenia

Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology