Kathryn A. Sikkink’s research while affiliated with George Washington University and other places

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Publications (1)


International Norm Dynamics and Political Change
  • Article

February 2005

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2,933 Reads

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6,441 Citations

International Organization

Martha Finnemore

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Kathryn A. Sikkink

Norms have never been absent from the study of international politics, but the sweeping “ideational turn” in the 1980s and 1990s brought them back as a central theoretical concern in the field. Much theorizing about norms has focused on how they create social structure, standards of appropriateness, and stability in international politics. Recent empirical research on norms, in contrast, has examined their role in creating political change, but change processes have been less well-theorized. We induce from this research a variety of theoretical arguments and testable hypotheses about the role of norms in political change. We argue that norms evolve in a three-stage “life cycle” of emergence, “norm cascades,” and internalization, and that each stage is governed by different motives, mechanisms, and behavioral logics. We also highlight the rational and strategic nature of many social construction processes and argue that theoretical progress will only be made by placing attention on the connections between norms and rationality rather than by opposing the two.

Citations (1)


... The diffusion of norms and political ideas has been a major theme of study for political scientists and policy analysts. Constructivism in IR theory provides a useful perspective for LGBTQ+ movements in Taiwan and beyond because it sheds light on the normative commitments of international human rights and the moral contestation within Asian political settings (Finnemore and Sikkink 1998;Price 1998;Sikkink 2014;Tannenwald 1999). Existing studies focus on the agency of norm entrepreneurs in facilitating international coordination; few have addressed the interaction of local actors and domestic politics (Bettiza and Dionigi 2015;Minami 2019;Tsutsui and Shin 2008;Zwingel 2012). ...

Reference:

Norm Localization and Democratic Backlash: Taiwan Marriage-Equality Debates in 2017-2019
International Norm Dynamics and Political Change
  • Citing Article
  • February 2005

International Organization