May 2014
·
200 Reads
How do changes in automation in signalling and train dispatching impact operators' tasks there-in? To which positive as well as to which negative effects can an increasing automation of sig-nalling and train dispatching lead? And how do these changes affect the requirements on design of such systems? A research project run by the University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland together with the Swiss Federal Railways addresses these questions. Lots of research on automation and its influence on sociotechnical systems have been conduct-ed over the last 30 years. With Bainbridge's (1983) Ironies of Automation it's been made clear that more automation in systems can lead under many circumstances to problems that countermand the intended advantages. Despite there being more than three decades of research it is still difficult to anticipate the influence of specific automation on a sociotechnical system -may it be positive or negative. This contribution presents an overview of a project that aims to anticipate and mitigate problems of automation in signalling as well as facilitate its merits. First, interviews and workshops were run to analyse the current situation of train dispatchers and to anticipate future developments. Second, the identified human-machine systems were evaluated using psychological criteria derived from the KOMPASS method (Wäfler, Windischer, Ryser, Weik & Grote, 1999). These criteria are process transparency, coupling, information au-thority, action authority and flexibility. Results describing the actual situation and anticipated developments are presented. The main tasks of signallers, dispatchers, assistant dispatchers, information specialists and planners are examined in respect to automation in (1) information acquisition, (2) information analysis, (3) decision and action selection, (4) action implementation (cf. Parasuraman, Sheridan & Wickens, 2000). The anticipated effect of several future scenarios of automation on complacency, de-skilling and situation awareness is examined. In the conclusion recommendations on a future automation strategy in signalling and train dispatching are made.. A model for types and levels of human interaction with automation.