Katalin Kelemen’s research while affiliated with Örebro University and other places

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Publications (1)


Still Neglecting the Demand that Fuels Human Trafficking: A Study Comparing the Criminal Laws and Practice of Five European States on Human Trafficking, Purchasing Sex from Trafficked Adults and from Minors
  • Article

January 2013

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176 Reads

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12 Citations

European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice

Katalin Kelemen

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This article discusses the implementation of duties to reduce the market for sexual services of trafficked persons, both adults and children. The article begins by describing the duties that stem from international and European obligations. It then presents the legislation and practice of five European states (Hungary, Italy, the Netherlands, Sweden and the United Kingdom) regarding human trafficking and the purchase of sexual acts from trafficking victims. The states in the study have introduced measures to combat human trafficking by effective prosecutions and sentencing of traffickers. They have, however, taken few measures to combat demand for the sexual services of trafficked persons; in some countries, no measures at all. As all the countries criminalise the purchase of sexual acts from children below the age of 18, the article examines whether this has afforded trafficked children effective protection against sexual exploitation. One key element in the crime of purchasing sex from a minor is knowledge of the child’s age. The subjective elements that states require range from strict liability (below certain ages) to negligence, and their practice also varies. The article ends by discussing the lacunae that remain before states can be said to secure trafficked persons’ right to effective protection against sexual exploitation.

Citations (1)


... The level of these initiatives varies between police authorities 13 Unofficial translation provided by the Swedish authorities quoted in Secretariat of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings (2014). 14 For a comprehensive description and discussion of Swedish obligations vis-à-vis trafficking and the Swedish Trafficking Act, see Kelemen and Johansson (2013). 15 Statistics from The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention, table presented in The National Police Board (2013,7,13). ...

Reference:

Linking Prostitution and Human Trafficking Policies: The Nordic Experience
Still Neglecting the Demand that Fuels Human Trafficking: A Study Comparing the Criminal Laws and Practice of Five European States on Human Trafficking, Purchasing Sex from Trafficked Adults and from Minors
  • Citing Article
  • January 2013

European Journal of Crime Criminal Law and Criminal Justice