Karl E. Weick’s research while affiliated with University of Michigan and other places

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Publications (100)


Mann Gulch Revisited: Improvisation as a Surface of Apprehension
  • Article

March 2024

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34 Reads

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4 Citations

Academy of Management Discoveries

Karl E. Weick


Arrested Sensemaking: Typified Suppositions Sink the El Faro
  • Article
  • Full-text available

October 2022

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90 Reads

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20 Citations

Organization Theory

When a perceptual order is turned into a conceptual order a disjunction between continuity and discontinuity is created. Sensemaking to manage this disjunction often consists of attributions of typicality formed intuitively or through deliberation. The details lost during this process can lead to further breakdowns. This process of “arrested sensemaking” is illustrated with a disaster at sea when a 790-foot container ship, the El Faro, sailed into the eye of a category 3 hurricane and capsized. All 33 crew members perished. The prevailing sense was that the rough seas were a “typical” storm, arresting sensemaking in the face of a looming disaster.

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Sensemaking, Organizing, and Surpassing: A Handoff

August 2020

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142 Reads

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62 Citations

Journal of Management Studies

A commemoration is an invitation to go beyond the thing being commemorated. Such an invitation to surpass becomes more compelling when the thing commemorated is summarized and updated and the surpassing more vividly illustrated. This essay does the former by means of selective references to both editions of the “Social Psychology of Organizing” (1969, 1979). The essay describes an evolving vocabulary intended to focus on meaning and collective action. The three associated studies in this special section extend that vocabulary.





Evolving Reactions: 60 Years with March and Simon's “Organizations”

July 2017

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105 Reads

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11 Citations

Journal of Management Studies

March and Simon (1958) aimed to “replace fancy with fact” in organizational studies. As fancies flourished and folded over the next 60 years, their book, “Organizations,” remained a durable set of foundations. I recount 60 years of contact with the book starting 6 months after it was published and continuing through a contemporary rereading in 2017. I liked the book more in 2017 than I did in 1959. The essay is focused on three examples of durable foundations - bounded rationality, reification, and mosaic forms – and concludes with three images that describe why the book remains foundational – its function as a touchstone, as shoulders on which to stand, and as a map of collective omniscience. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Perspective Construction in Organizational Behavior

April 2017

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223 Reads

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24 Citations

Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior

The study of organizational behavior involves constrained comprehension of constrained acting. Perspectives on organizational behavior gain and lose their breadth, substance, and credibility as the person doing the explaining is modified by ongoing experience. These ongoing modifications shape the interpretations that are summarized in a perspective. These dual constraints on comprehension and action form a “career-long voice.” This article explores conceptually, biographically, and prescriptively the ways in which perspectives develop, to suggest tacit means by which the study of organizational behavior can continue to develop.


Citations (90)


... To move from fragments of experience to collective understandings (Rerup, Gioia, and Corley, 2022), actors must produce valid inferences, which emerge through a process of inquiry whereby they develop and discover plausible explanations of how cues fit into their environment, and test them (Christianson, 2019;Golden-Biddle, 2020;Weick, 2024). Standard learning theory assumes that actors develop valid understanding from a sample of data by aggregating similar experiences (Argote and Miron-Spektor, 2011;Maslach et al., 2018). ...

Reference:

The Dynamics of Inferential Interpretation in Experiential Learning: Deciphering Hidden Goals from Ambiguous Experience
Mann Gulch Revisited: Improvisation as a Surface of Apprehension
  • Citing Article
  • March 2024

Academy of Management Discoveries

... While development of trust in the longer term is rightly seen as an important element to successful HRTs in many contexts, changes in trust could be particularly problematic in teams that have formed on an ad hoc basis [23]. This might occur quite often in emergency scenarios where team members may not have previously worked together, where a certain degree of 'swift trust' will need to be assumed to give team members the necessary confidence in each other to cooperate [17]. Much research on HRT trust has also been focused on agent dyads (a human trustor and a robot trustee), with relatively little work done on real experiments with multiple, mobile robots. ...

Swift Trust and Temporary Groups
  • Citing Chapter
  • November 2006

... A prática de construção de estratégias, ou seja, o movimento durante a prática, entendido como strategizing, coloca um novo enfoque na estratégia, havendo a necessidade da construção e produção do seu significado (Whittington, 2006). O sensemaking, considerado o processo de criação de sentido, que ocorre durante as ações estratégicas, caracteriza a construção de significado nas organizações de forma coletiva, transcendendo à dimensão intrassubjetiva e assumindo uma dimensão intersubjetiva (Weick, 1973(Weick, , 2022. Dessa forma, o sensemaking exige dos estrategistas a capacidade de se comunicarem e tentarem influenciar na elaboração desse sentido, que é o objetivo do sensegiving (Gioia & Chittipeddi, 1991). ...

Arrested Sensemaking: Typified Suppositions Sink the El Faro

Organization Theory

... The constructivist approach utilized Weick et al. (2009) sensemaking as organizing. Sensemaking "unfolds as a sequence in which people concerned with identity in the social context of other actors engage ongoing circumstances from which they extract cues and make plausible sense retrospectively, while enacting more or less order into those ongoing circumstances" (Weick et al., 2009, p. 83). ...

Organizing and the Process of Sensemaking
  • Citing Chapter
  • December 2014

... The sense-making theory assumes unusual events (e.g., change initiatives) lead to task uncertainty and lead employees to search for feedback and cues from their environments to reconstruct the predictability of work procedures. If they receive feedback and cues signaling the existence of a conducive organizational climate, they tend to respond positively (Weick, 2021). This means that employees tend to respond positively to change initiatives in an organizational climate that enables employees to take the initiative when necessary and feel psychologically safe to criticize change attempts (Cristofaro, 2022). ...

Sensemaking and Whistleblowing

... Given the wealth and plurality of pragmatist approaches (Parmar, Phillips, & Freeman, 2016, p. 200) and Weick's attempts to create a 'mosaic' (Weick, 2020(Weick, , p. 1421) from a range of philosophies, his adoption of pragmatism is necessarily selective. 2 However, investigating what Weick takes from pragmatist philosophy may help us become aware of, and comprehend, some of the foundational assumptions of sensemaking theory, better enabling us to contrast these with alternative assumptions that could allow us to develop different and ultimately richer conceptualizations. ...

Sensemaking, Organizing, and Surpassing: A Handoff
  • Citing Article
  • August 2020

Journal of Management Studies

... All include a variant of the principle of knowledgeability, such as, for example, the notion of shared practical understanding (Schatzki, 2001), habitus (Bourdieu, 1990), or practical consciousness (Giddens, 1984), to name a few. Closer to organization studies, Weick (2017) would call this "mindfulness" while Le Baron et al. (2016) propose the notion of "mutual intelligibility" and Sandberg et al. (2017) suggest the idea of paying attention to actors' "skillful" performance. All of these conceptualizations, one way or another, invite us to see strategy (as well as any other type of managerial and organizational work) as an ongoing social accomplishment informed by actors' practical knowledge within the specific context in which it is embedded. ...

Commentary on ‘Mindfulness in Action’: Original Article
  • Citing Article
  • September 2017

Academy of Management Discoveries

... March and Simon (1958) brought the discussion and study of organisations into the academic arena. They illustrated the nature of the "limits of rationality" at the limits of individuals constrained by the elements of the situation that are not included in the rational calculations supporting the strategic factors (Weick, 2019(Weick, , p. 1531). Hedström and Swedberg (1998) see March and Simon's (1958) present rational constraints in decisionmaking as an example of theorising with social mechanisms. ...

Evolving Reactions: 60 Years with March and Simon's “Organizations”
  • Citing Article
  • July 2017

Journal of Management Studies

... Decision-making is incidental; sensemaking is paramount. To focus on decision is to miss most of what it means to reduce uncertainty and most of the ways emergent organizing attempts this reduction," Karl Weick (55). ...

Perspective Construction in Organizational Behavior
  • Citing Article
  • April 2017

Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior

... Los individuos experimentan sentimientos, pensamientos y recuerdos, los cuales pueden ser dolorosos, exitosos, intensos, entre otros. La tendencia innata de evitar experiencias dolorosas y repetir las intensas, puede generar dependencia al camino (Cameron 1994;Cameron et al. 1987;Morseletto 2023;Staw et al. 1981;Weick 1993;Weick & Sutcliffe 2000) y distracción en la identificación de oportunidades (Marín et al. 2010;Morseletto 2023). En este orden de ideas, la historia de vida posee gran influencia al tomar decisiones . ...

High reliability: The power of mindfulness
  • Citing Article
  • January 2000

Leader to Leader