Karina Preising Aptekmann’s research while affiliated with Federal University of Espírito Santo and other places

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Publications (30)


Hipercalcemia maligna em cães e gatos: revisão de literatura
  • Article

October 2024

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2 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Health Review

Gabrielli Nicolau

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Márcio Phillip Andrade Correia

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Jorge Luiz Rizzo Gervais

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[...]

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Graziela Barioni

A hipercalcemia maligna é uma síndrome paraneoplásica caracterizada pelo aumento da presença de cálcio sérido devido a alterações distantes ocasionadas por neoplasias malignas. O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura condensando as principais informações atualizadas sobre a fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento da hipercalcemia em cães e gatos visando facilitar a comprenssão e consulta de informações pelos profissionais da saúde envolvidos na área. Em relação aos tipos neoplásicos, os mais frequentes causando hipercalcemia maligna em cães são os distúrbios linfoproliferativos, como o linfoma. Os sinais clínicos se manifestam em diversos sistemas orgânicos, mas são mais relevantes as alterações nos sistemas neuromuscular, gastrointestinal, renal e cardíaco. Dependendo da etiologia são apresentados algumas classificações clínicas para a síndrome, como hipercalcemia osteolítica local (HOL), a hipercalcemia humoral maligna (HHM) e o hiperparatireoidismo ectópico. Para o diagnóstico preciso da hipercalcemia maligna, são necessários exames laboratoriais, sendo o cálcio ionizado considerado o método mais preciso, apesar de existirem outros. Como mesmo no paciente oncológico nem toda hipercalcemia é causada por neoplasia, se faz necessário investigação criteriosa para excluir possíveis diagnósticos diferenciais. Por fim, os pacientes com hipercalcemia exigem uma abordagem cautelosa, com tratamento direcionado tanto à neoplasia causadora quanto à minimização da hipercalcemia no organismo, mas ainda sim são considerados pacientes críticos.


Figure 1 -Evaluation and collection times for search and rescue dogs. Legend: T0, pre-exercise with dogs at rest; T30', during exercise with 30 min of activity; T60', after 60 min of exercising; in the recovery period, evaluations were made 5 min after the end of the exercise (R5'); 15 min after (R15'); 30 min later (R30'); and 60 min later (R60').
Figure 2 -Means and standard deviation of body temperature during and after the 60-min exercise in search and rescue dogs (n = 6), submitted to two different treatments: with water replacement (T1) and with hydroelectrolytic and energetic replacement (T2). Legend: M1 -water replacement; M2 -hydroelectrolytic and energetic replacement; *indicates a significant difference between the times for T1 (P < 0.05); # indicates a significant difference between the times for T2 (P < 0.05); T0, pre-exercise; T30', during the physical activity, after 30 min of exercise; T60', end of the 60-min exercise period; R15', 15 min of recovery; R30', 30 min of recovery, and R60', 60 min of recovery.
Evaluation of hydroelectrolytic, energetic supplementation, and clinical laboratory parameters in search and rescue dogs
  • Article
  • Full-text available

August 2024

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22 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science

Establishing methods and actions to improve performance and reduce changes during physical activity is essential in search and rescue dogs. Studying the changes in search and rescue dogs during working activities and how to correct them can help improve their performance and avoid complications. Six healthy adult dogs, which had participated in search and rescue operations for at least one year, were used. Animals had no evidence of clinical disease nor received any supplement or medication prior to the assessment. Dogs were evaluated before, during, and after exercise and submitted to volume replacement with mineral water (T1) and hydroelectrolytic supplementation (T2). Body temperature (BT), parameters of hydration (body weight, erythrogram, and total protein (TP)), energy indicators (glucose, lactate), electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-, P+, Ca2+, Mg2+), and hormone levels (cortisol, aldosterone, insulin) were determined. After exercise, isotonic dehydration was detected in both treatments, accompanied by erythrocytosis and weight loss. During the recovery phase, in both treatments, dogs presented a significant increase in BT and lactate and a significant decrease in insulin, TP, and P+. BT and lactate increased after exercise and returned to basal upon recovery. Insulin decreased after exercise without changes in glucose. The maintenance of cortisol indicated the adjustability of dogs to environmental stimuli and stress resistance, and aldosterone did not change during exercise. Both volume replacement with water or hydroelectrolytic and energetic supplementation can correct the isotonic dehydration exhibited by dogs.

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Uso da ozonioterapia em cães e gatos – estudo de casos

June 2024

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7 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Development

A ozonioterapia (OT) utiliza o gás ozônio (O3) para fins medicinais, com objetivo de aumentar a oxigenação tecidual, sendo indicado para o tratamento de diversas afecções em animais. Objetivou-se avaliar o resultado clínico do emprego da OT em cães e gatos por meio de um estudo prospectivo e análises descritivas de casos. O O3 foi utilizado em 10 animais, administrado por via sistêmica (insuflação via retal e fluidoterapia ozonizada), utilizando-se um equipamento gerador de ozônio; e/ou por via local, com o óleo de girassol ozonizado. A duração do tratamento e a frequência de aplicações variou conforme as particularidades de cada caso. Após a primeira consulta e indicação do tratamento eleito dos pacientes, foram realizadas reavaliações, com registro fotográfico sempre que possível. Após o acompanhamento dos casos selecionados foram realizadas análises descritivas de cada paciente. Dentre os 10 casos acompanhados, sete foram relacionados ao tratamento de feridas e doenças de pele, sendo que apenas em um dos casos não foi observado um bom resultado da técnica. Nos demais casos (cinomose, inflamação da glândula adanal e obstrução uretral com atonia vesical), observou-se um bom resultado com a utilização da OT. Assim, concluiu-se que a utilização da OT pode ser uma terapia indicada para diversos tipos de alterações clínicas em cães e gatos, visto que apresentou uma boa resposta clínica em 90% dos casos avaliados, além de ser um procedimento com mínimos efeitos colaterais quando adequadamente utilizado.


Alterações hematológicas e hemostáticas em cadelas com neoplasia mamária: revisão de literatura

February 2024

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4 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Development

As neoplasias mamárias têm grande incidência nas cadelas, representando maior porcentagem de ocorrência em comparação com outros tumores na espécie canina. Entretanto, embora seja uma afecção constantemente estudada, a abordagem das alterações hematológicas e hemostáticas ainda é pouco explorada na oncologia veterinária. Essa falha implica principalmente na baixa adesão aos exames laboratoriais de hemostasia na rotina, o que resulta na subestimação de inúmeros distúrbios de coagulação que raramente são diagnosticados. Além disso, a literatura descreve que tais anormalidades podem estar fortemente relacionadas ao tipo e grau histopatológico do tumor, o que reforça ainda mais a importância de sua investigação para estabelecer o tratamento e prognóstico do paciente. Dessa forma, objetivou-se com o presente estudo conduzir uma revisão de literatura minuciosa abordando as principais alterações hematológicas e hemostáticas relacionadas à neoplasia mamária em cadelas, a fim de demonstrar sua relevância e incentivar novas pesquisas a respeito.


Occurrence and hematological aspects of dogs with Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis

February 2024

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15 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Development

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by a gram-negative bacterium of the genus Ehrlichia spp., a monocyte parasite that leads to thrombocytopenia, anemia, hyporexia, apathy, pale mucous membranes, among others. The etiological agent is distributed worldwide, but there is a greater incidence and considerable prevalence in places with temperate climates due to the high presence of the tick vector Rhipicephalus sanguineus. In Brazil, the number of cases of this disease appears to have increased in many regions, due to several factors, but more studies are still needed regarding the prevalence in various regions. In view of the aforementioned points, this retrospective study aimed to address the findings of the clinical and laboratory evaluation of 43 medical records with the definitive diagnosis of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, in naturally infected dogs, treated at HOVET - UFES, during the period of June 2017 to September 2023, in order to discuss and relate the findings found with current literature, as well as report the occurrence of this disease. For this, we used the clinical and laboratory records of dogs that showed positivity in the SNAP 4Dx Plus® rapid test and/or in blood smears, and presented Ehrlichia spp. morulae. in leukocytes. Simultaneously, clinical data, blood count findings and biochemical test results were prepared in figures, tables and organizational charts. Subsequently, with the information and results found, descriptive analysis of the data was used to demonstrate the occurrence through percentages. The most frequent clinical and laboratory changes were the presence of ticks, hyporexia, lymphadenomgelia, apathy, pale mucous membranes, thrombocytopenia, normocytic normochromic anemia, lymphopenia and hypoalbuminemia. Therefore, it is concluded that it is essential to report the occurrence of Ehrlichia sp. in dogs, as well as knowing the main clinical and laboratory changes mentioned so that it is possible to assist in the early identification of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis.


Figure 1 -Delimitation of the study area of approximately 5 ha of Atlantic Forest. Source: Google Earth.
Figure 2 -Mean ± SD of lactate (mmol/L) and glucose levels (mg/dL) of five adult healthy dogs from the Rescue and Recovery Service of Military Firefighters Corps of Espírito Santo, Brazil, submitted to a 60-min search operation simulation. Measurements were performed before (REST), during (EXER), and after (RCT) simulation. There is a significant difference in lactate level compared to baseline values: * p = 0.0073; ** p = 0.0416; *** p = 0.0452. Paired Samples t-test.
Figure 3 -Mean ± SD of cardiac troponin I (ng/mL) of five adult healthy dogs from the Rescue and Recovery Service of Military Firefighters Corps of Espírito Santo, Brazil, submitted to a 60-min search operation simulation. Measurements were performed before (REST), during (EXER), and after (RCT) simulation. * p = 0.0161; ** p < 0.0001; *** p = 0.0326. Paired Samples t-test.
Figure 4 -Individual values and mean heart rate (HR) of five adult healthy dogs from the Rescue and Recovery Service of Military Firefighters Corps of Espírito Santo, Brazil, submitted to a 60-min search operation simulation. Measurements were performed before (REST), during (EXER), and after (RCT) simulation.
Electrocardiographic changes and changes in cardiac lactate and troponin I levels associated with search and rescue physical activity in military dogs

October 2023

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40 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science

Rescue and recovery dogs intercalate the activity intensity developed, which also triggers significant metabolic changes in cardiac physiology. Thus, we evaluated the changes that search simulation causes in glucose, lactate, and cardiac troponin I level (cTnI) and the electrocardiographic and heart rate during the activity and recovery phase to predict the physiological adaptation to the exercise. Five healthy adult dogs from the Rescue and Recovery Service of Military Firefighters Corps were submitted to 60 minutes search operation simulation in the woods. They covered a forest area of approximately 50,000 m2. The dogs were loose and accompanied by their driver, and they could perform any physical activity. Were evaluated serum biochemical analysis of glucose, lactate, cardiac troponin I, electrocardiographic, and heart rate (rest, exercise phase, and recovery time). No changes in glucose levels, heart rate, and cardiac rhythm were detected. In comparison to baseline values, there is an increase: in lactate at the end of the exercise phase [EXER] (60’EXER), and in the recovery phase [RCT] at 30’RCT and 60’RCT, and cTnI at 60’RCT, 120’RCT, and 4hRCT. P wave duration was significantly higher at 60’EXER, 15’RCT, and 30’RCT, with no alterations in wave amplitude. QRS interval duration significantly increased at 30’RCT, and the ST segment presented a significant difference at 60’EXER, 15’RCT, and 60’RCT compared to the rest moment. The moderate alterations in lactate and cTnI and few alterations in the electrocardiographic and heart rate maintenance suggest the adaptation of rescue and recovery dogs to the type, intensity, and duration of search operation simulation performed.


Principais retalhos empregados em cirurgias reconstrutivas na medicina veterinária

August 2023

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52 Reads

Brazilian Journal of Development

O tratamento de feridas de segunda intenção envolve o emprego de enxertos ou retalhos, a fim de diminuir o tempo de cicatrização das lesões e reduzir os riscos de possíveis infecções. A localização anatômica da ferida, qualidade do leito, elasticidade do tecido periférico são alguns entre vários fatores que devem ser levados em consideração para o emprego correto destas técnicas reconstrutivas. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar os principais retalhos cutâneos, com ênfase em retalhos de padrões subdérmicos e axiais. Os principais retalhos subdérmicos são os retalhos de avanço, unipedicular, H-plastia, de rotação e de transposição e os de padrão axial são o auricular caudal, da artéria temporal superficial, axial omocervical, axial toracodorsal, torácico lateral, braquial superficial, epigástrico superficial caudal, epigástrico superficial cranial, ilíaco circunflexo profundo e genicular. Os retalhos são altamente versáteis e úteis na rotina veterinária e podem ser incorporados em ocasiões em que há uma ferida extensa, com grandes áreas de pele exposta. Desta maneira, possibilitam o fechamento facilitado, cobertura estética e resultados favoráveis.


Figura 3. Gerador de pulsos para eletroquimioterapia VetCP125 com eletrodo agulha acoplado No que tange a aplicação dos pulsos elétricos, distintos eletrodos com diferentes configurações e recomendações de utilização podem ser empregados nesta técnica (Tabela 3 e Figura 4). Os eletrodos
Aspectos do emprego da eletroquimioterapia em cães e gatos: Revisão

June 2023

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163 Reads

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2 Citations

PubVet

Em virtude do aumento da longevidade de cães e gatos, distúrbios de caráter senil têm sido mais recorrentes, como as neoplasias. A fim de se obter melhores resultados na terapêutica oncológica, surge a eletro quimioterapia (EQT) como tratamento localizado de tumores, que associa fármacos quimioterápicos a impulsos elétricos. Dessa forma, objetiva-se discutir os aspectos terapêuticos do emprego da EQT em animais de companhia, com destaque no melanoma oral, mastocitoma cutâneo e carcinoma de células escamosas. A EQT se caracteriza por apresentar eletroporação com intensidade de alta voltagem, tempo de aplicação ultracurto, com uso associado de quimioterápicos, como a bleomicina e cisplatina, para promoção de apoptose e necrose tecidual. É de extrema importância se ater a particularidades de cada espécie, a via de administração, o tamanho tumoral, a dosagem e os efeitos colaterais dos fármacos. Efeitos secundários imunológicos e vasculares, por lesão ao tecido endotelial e vasoconstrição, são apontados de forma benéfica no controle tumoral. Distintos eletrodos com diferentes configurações e recomendações de utilização podem ser empregados, como eletrodos em placa ou eletrodos agulha lineares, ou hexagonal. A técnica de EQT promete menores efeitos colaterais e intervenção menos invasiva, quando comparado com procedimento cirúrgico e radioterapia.


CAT WELFARE AND THE RELATIONSHIP WITH THEIR OWNERS DURING QUARANTINE CAUSED BY COVID-19 IN BRAZIL

April 2023

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77 Reads

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1 Citation

Archives of Veterinary Science

We aimed to identify behavioral changes or welfare impairments in cats in response to home isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, as well as the emotional role these animals may play with their owners. Online questionnaires were answered by 419 cat’s owners in Brazil, who reported changes in the household routine because of to the COVID-19 pandemic. The questions addressed information about the cat in the household, the tutor-cat relationship, the feline behavior, the environment, and the changes occurred in the face of social isolation. It was evident that changes in people's routines were frequent and staying longer at home was the change most reported by the study participants. Thus, cats were left alone for less time compared to the period before the quarantine, which led to an increase in the amount of time that owners spent playing or paying attention to their cats. The quarantine period generated minimal undesirable behavioral changes in the cats, and the fact that the owners stayed home longer contributed to reducing these changes. The fact that a cat could become infected by SARS-CoV-2 was known by less than half of the interviewees, which did not influence any owner to think of getting rid of their cat. We highlight that feline companionship was considered by their owners as beneficial, as it helped them cope with the quarantine period, and allowed for increased affectionate bonds between the owners and their cats, also reflecting in a perception of greater happiness from their cats.


Figure 1 -anatomical representation of the regions used to evaluate the ultrasound images of subcutaneous fat in cats. Fonte: Author illustration
Ultrasonography in the diagnosis of obesity in cats and its correlation with fructosamine and lipid levels

March 2023

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48 Reads

Archives of Veterinary Science

The aim of this study was to determine whether ultrasound imaging is an efficient method to assess subcutaneous fat in cats, the anatomical sites where more significant fat deposition occurs, and if there is a correlation between subcutaneous fat thickness and serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, and fructosamine. A total of 30 healthy adult cats were used and divided into three groups of 10 animals each, based on the estimated body condition score (BCS). The ideal group (IG) included cats with BCS 3; the overweight group (OWG), with BCS 4; and the obese group (OG), with BCS 5. Ultrasonographic measurement of subcutaneous fat was conducted in five anatomical regions: lumbar, abdominal, thoracic, femoral, and pectoral. We observed that obese cats had greater fat deposition in the abdominal and thoracic regions when compared to those with ideal weight, and that cholesterol and triglyceride levels were higher with the increase in subcutaneous fat thickness in the thoracic region. Nonetheless, there were no differences in fat deposition in the OWG compared to cats from the IG and OG. Ultrasonography allows to differentiate obese cats from those with ideal weight through the analysis of subcutaneous fat thickness in the abdominal and thoracic regions, rendering this method efficient and less subjective.


Citations (13)


... Segundo Dennis et al. (2011), Gheno (2021 e Machado (2023), a radioterapia é considerada o tratamento padrão para prevenir recidivas em cães ou utilizada como tratamento único em locais onde o acesso cirúrgico é dificultoso. A eletroquimioterapia, quimioterapia metronômica e imunoterapia são medidas terapêuticas que poderiam ser utilizadas como tratamento coadjuvante ou paliativo, minimizando o risco de metástase e de crescimento tumoral (Ferreira et al., 2023;Grapegia & Lima, 2017;Moreira et al., 2023;Otero et al., 2021;Romano et al., 2021). O objetivo da realização desse procedimento é aumentar a longevidade e qualidade de vida do animal. ...

Reference:

Utilização de colostomia terminal em cão com neoplasia obstrutiva retal: Relato de caso
Aspectos do emprego da eletroquimioterapia em cães e gatos: Revisão

PubVet

... Essas substâncias promovem uma série de respostas fisiológicas, como taquicardia, taquipneia e hiperglicemia, preparando o organismo para reagir ao estresse. Contudo, quando o estresse persiste de forma crônica, ele provoca a ativação da via neuroendócrina (Nascimento et al., 2022). ...

Estresse em gatos: Revisão

PubVet

... A similar result was observed in a study involving dogs that underwent echocardiographic examinations with and without reassurance. However, in dogs, there was a tendency for a decrease in the examination time with an increase in the degree of sedation (Santos et al., 2018), which is different from the result in the present study. The duration of the examination tended to be shorter in the PRP protocol and higher in the PMK protocol in the present study. ...

Echocardiographic parameters in dogs treated with acepromazine and fentanyl

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

... Cardiac adaptations secondary to a physical activity routine also trigger cardiac remodeling in dogs (Civelek et al., 2012;Santos et al., 2018), and electrocardiography (ECG) changes consistent with this condition can be observed, such as an increase in QRS duration, QT interval, and S wave amplitude (Bavegems et al., 2009;Constable et al. 2000). In time, significant alterations to the electrocardiographic exam were observed in military service dogs after a six-week physical training process, where the electrocardiogram revealed physiological adaptations at a cardiovascular level triggered by the practice of physical activity (Moraes et al., 2017). ...

Effect of exercise on cardiovascular parameters in search and rescue-trained dogs

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

... In experimental settings, Ancylostoma spp. infections are characterized by anemia, leukocytosis by neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and eosinophilia (Campos et al., 2018;Dias et al., 2013;Dracz et al., 2014). Basophilia is also frequently observed in parasitic diseases (Stockham & Scott, 2011). ...

Canine hookworm: Correlation between hematological disorders and serum proteins with coproparasitological results

Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine

... The reduction in the systemic blood pressure of pregnant bitches influences peripheral vascular resistance (Aguiar, et al., 2018). In women, there is a compensatory increase of 40% in cardiac output, and in bitches of 23% (Brooks & Keil, 1994, Prestes & Landim-Alvarenga, 2006; circulating hormones decrease the pressure of the vascular system, significantly decreasing vascular resistance and, therefore systemic blood pressure (Almeida, et al., 2017). ...

Cardiovascular Evaluation in Bitches in Oestrus, Pregnancy and Puerperium

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae

... Acepromazine associated with opioids is frequently used in dogs to strengthen sedation and provide adequate pain relief, a synergism called neuroleptanalgesia (Reis et al., 2017). When morphine, which is classified as a pure opioid agonist because it acts on mu receptors (μ), is injected intramuscularly, it provides pain relief for around 4 hours. ...

Parâmetros ecocardiográficos em cães saudáveis tratados com acepromazina, meperidina e sua associação

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

... The most prevalent parasite was Ancylostoma spp., with 67.1% positivity. Similar results were found by Monteiro et al. (2016) and Campos et al. (2016), with 67.2% and 54%, respectively. This high prevalence may be related to the monoxene life-cycle and the high egg's laying by female, which increases environmental contamination (Bowman et al., 2002). ...

Prevalence and risk factors associated with endoparasitosis of dogs and cats in Espírito Santo, Brazil
  • Citing Article
  • September 2016

Acta Parasitologica

... The female cats were weighed before and after delivery on a digital scale, with a mean weight of before birth of 4.19 ± 1.26 kg (ranging from 2.9 to 6.8 kg) and a mean weight of after birth of 3.75 ± 1.32 kg (ranging from 2.2 to 6.6 kg). The weight of the female cats is similar to the weight of cats registered in Brazil [10]. ...

Comparison of different methods of body assessing in cats

Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinaria

... Based on the results obtained, most of the dogs were adults, as evidenced in other epidemiological studies (Carciofi et al., 2005;Courcier et al., 2010;Aptekmann et al., 2014;Teixeira et al., 2020). As the animal ages, lean mass is replaced with fat mass, and it is advised to reduce energy intake by 10 to 15% from the age of seven, according to the animal's body condition, as suggested by Aptekmann et al. (2014). ...

Nutritional and environment aspects of canine obesity

Ciência Rural