Kambale Muhesi’s scientific contributions

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Publications (6)


Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon
  • Article
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January 2024

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13 Reads

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1 Citation

Open Journal of Forestry

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Figure 3. Umbrothermal diagram of the Walikale-Kano region (data from 1981-2021).
Figure 4. Comparison of means of growth parameters of P. africana across sites.
Figure 6. Distribution of P. africana stems in diameter classes for the two sites (red line indicates the position of the mean DBH of the trees).
Average values of climatic parameters in the Walikale-Kano region according to the months of the year (period 1981-2021).
Number of Prunus africana stems per ha.

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Post Debarking Response of Prunus africana (Hook. F) Kalkman ( Rosaceae ) Trees at Two Exploitation Sites in North Kivu (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo)

January 2023

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78 Reads

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2 Citations

Open Journal of Forestry


Figure 1. Map of the study area: City of Butembo
Figure 2. Experience of traditherapists in the occupation (in years) Of the 91 traditherapists interviewed, 83.52% practiced this profession because they had received professional training in traditional medicine. Those who cited training in traditional medicine + transcendence represent 8.79%. The traditherapists who practice their profession because they have inherited the knowledge of their family (transcendence) constitute only 5.49% of the sample. Finally, 2.20 % of the traditherapists know the traditional treatment of diseases from other traditherapists (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Modes of knowledge acquisition
Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Used by Traditherapists for the Treatment of Malaria in the City of Butembo, North Kivu, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo

October 2022

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233 Reads

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5 Citations

Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS)

Malaria is a serious public health problem in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in general and in the city of Butembo in particular. To complete the lack of information, the objective of this article is to identify the different plant species used in the traditional treatment of malaria in the city of Butembo. Ethnobotanical investigations were conducted among 91 traditherapists. Semi-structured interviews with the use of a pre-established questionnaire were used for data collection. This study allowed the inventory of 26 plant species belonging to 18 botanical families. The species of the Asteraceae family are the most solicited by the therapists of the city of Butembo (25.27%). This family is followed by the Myrtaceae and Rubiaceae families, each with a total of 12.09%. Then come the Caricaceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae with respectively 9.89%, 9.89%, and 8.79% of citations. Leaves are the most used organ (70.33%) in the preparation of drugs. The pharmaceutical form of preparation is decoction (81.32%). The antimalarial recipes are administered by oral (100%). The species most solicited by the therapists are Artemisia annua (12.09%), Eucalyptus maideni var globulus (10.99%), Cinchona ledgeriana (10.99%), Cymbopogon citratus (9.89%), Carica papaya (9.89%), Cassia occidentalis (7.69%), and Bidens pilosa (8.79%). In consideration of these results, phytochemical and pharmacological analysis of these plants is essential to help validate their traditional use and to find new plants with antimalarial potential that would play the first role in the development of improved traditional medicines (ITM) with antimalarial activity.


Impact des activités maraichères sur la vie socio-économique des populations en commune rurale de Luotu (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo)

October 2022

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1,695 Reads

Impact des activités maraichères sur la vie socio-économique des populations en commune rurale de Luotu (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo) [ Impact of market gardening activities on the socioeconomic life of populations in the rural commune of Luotu (North-Kivu, DR Congo) ] ABSTRACT: In the rural commune of Luotu, market gardening is a significant supplement to food and is a source of substantial income that allows some local populations to live decently. It is in this context that this study was carried out with the aim of evaluating the impact of market gardening activities on food security in the rural commune of Luotu, province of North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. The surveys were carried out in two villages (Valya and Lukole) due to 60 market gardeners per village. The results show that market gardening is booming in the study area; the most popular are leeks, cabbage, beans, corn, peas, potatoes, onions, carrots, garlic, amaranths, etc. The choice of one of the vegetable crops is more dictated by food and cultural habits as well as its financial profitability. It was found that men are more involved in this activity and generate more income (127.2 ± 184.9 USD) than women (112.2 ± 169.5 USD). Although this activity is lucrative, it is faced with problems (lack of market gardeners inputs, land tenure insecurity, lack of financing, climate disturbance), does not cover domestic needs for 42.9% of market gardeners surveyed but also of products remains a constraint for distant marketing center sites. These market gardeners, especially the majority (68.3%) have never benefited from technical supervision from agronomists working in local development organizations or associations. In addition, analyzes show that market garden products are sold more in village markets (67.5%) than in city markets (13.3%), along roads (5%) and in the field (14, 2%). The leafy vegetables consumed by market gardeners in the rural town of Luotu are sombe (15.4%), amaranth (18.1%), bitter nightshade (14.5%), headed cabbage (21.2%) %), cauliflower (11.8%), squash leaves (8.1%), bean leaves (8.1%), taro and colocases leaves (2.8%). However, the frequency of daily meal intake is twice a day for 53% of market garden households. Those who eat once and three times a day represent 23 and 23% respectively. Market gardeners in the rural commune of Luotu allocate an average of 6,276.86 ± 2,810.66 Congolese francs to daily consumption in their households.


Influence de l’ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques du cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) dans la localité de Buyinga en territoire de Lubero (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo)

May 2022

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39 Reads

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2 Citations

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies

Influence de l'ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques du cacao (Theobrama cacao L.) dans la localité de Buyinga en territoire de Lubero (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo) [ Influence of shade on the morphometric parameters of cocoa (Theobrama cacao L.) in the locality of Buyinga in Lubero territory (North Kivu, DR Congo) ] ABSTRACT: The cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is an economically, nutritionally and socially important crop. Currently, this culture is at the center of scientific debate because it is indexed to play a significant role in the phenomenon of deforestation observed in humid tropical regions. In order to contribute to its expansion while minimizing forest losses and protecting the environment, agroforestry systems integrating herbaceous or woody flora species have emerged as a better alternative. In this perspective, this study constitutes a contribution to the valuation of shade trees in the cultivation of cocoa while maintaining intact its productivity in the territory of Lubero. The objective of the study is to study the influence of shade trees on the morphometric parameters of pods in the ecological environment of Buyinga. To achieve this objective, observations were made at nine cocoa plantations chosen according to their degree of shade. With the exception of the number of pods per stem, the results show that there is a very highly significant difference in the means of the length of the pods, the circumference of the pods and the number of beans per pod in the plantations according to the degree of shading (p-value<0.05). Indeed, the average lengths of the pods are 24.83 ± 4.11 cm in moderately shaded plantations, 22.61 ± 4.38 cm in heavily shaded plantations and 19.20 ± 2.69 cm for plantations without shade (in broad daylight). The average circumferences of the pods are respectively equal to 27.99 ± 3.41 cm for plantations with medium shade, 26.47 ± 2.5 cm for plantations without shade and 26.46 ± 3.49 for plantations with strong shady. The average number of beans per pod is 38.95 in plantations with medium shade against 38.53 beans per pod for plantations without shade and 26.5 beans for plantations with strong shade. Despite the absence of significant difference in the number of pods per stem according to the degree of shade, cocoa plantations growing under medium shade induced a high number of pods per stem compared to other plantations. The average number of pods per stem is around 25.8 ± 7.25 for plantations with medium shade, 23.89 ± 6.03 for plantations with strong shade and 21.51 ± 7.44 for plantings without shade. KEYWORDS: Cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.), agroforestry systems, morphometric parameters, degree of shade and territory of Lubero. RESUME: Le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) est une culture importante du point de vue économique, nutritionnel et social. Actuellement, cette culture se trouve au centre de débats scientifiques car elle est indexée de jouer un rôle non négligeable dans le phénomène de déforestation observée en régions tropicales humides. En vue de contribuer à son expansion tout en minimisant les pertes forestières et en protégeant l'environnement, des systèmes agroforestiers intégrant des espèces floristiques herbacées ou ligneuses se sont positionnés comme une meilleure alternative. Dans cette perspective, cette étude constitue une contribution à la valorisation des arbres d'ombrage dans la culture du cacao tout en maintenant intact sa productivité dans le territoire de Lubero. L'objectif de l'étude est d'étudier l'influence des arbres d'ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques des cabosses dans le milieu écologique de Buyinga. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des observations ont été effectuées au niveau de neuf plantations de cacaoyer choisies en fonction de leur degré d'ombrage. A l'exception du nombre des cabosses par tige, les résultats montrent qu'il y a une différence très hautement significative des moyennes de la longueur des cabosses, de la circonférence des cabosses et du nombre des fèves par cabosse dans les plantations en fonction du degré d'ombrage (p-value<0,05). En effet, les longueurs moyennes des cabosses valent 24,83±4,11 cm dans les plantations moyennement ombragées, 22,61±4,38 cm dans les plantations fortement ombragées et 19,20±2,69 cm pour les plantations sans ombrage (en plein soleil). Les circonférences moyennes des cabosses sont respectivement égales à 27,99±3,41 cm pour les plantations à moyen ombrage, 26,47±2,5 cm pour les plantations sans ombrage et 26,46±3,49 pour les plantations à fort ombrage. Le nombre des fèves moyen par cabosse est de 38,95 dans les plantations à moyen ombrage contre 38,53 fèves par cabosse pour les plantations sans ombrage et 26,5 fèves pour les plantations à fort ombrage. Malgré l'absence de différence significative du nombre de cabosses par tige en fonction du degré d'ombrage, les plantations cacaoyères évoluant sous moyen ombrage ont induit un nombre des cabosses par tige élevé par rapport aux autres plantations. Les moyennes du nombre des cabosses par tige sont de l'ordre de 25,8±7,25 pour les plantations à moyen ombrage, 23,89±6,03 pour les plantations à fort ombrage et 21,51±7,44 pour les plantations sans ombrage. MOTS-CLEFS: Cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.), systèmes agroforestiers, paramètres morphométriques, degré d'ombrage et territoire de Lubero.


Fig. 1. Localisation de la zone d'étude
Influence de l'ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques du cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) dans la localité de Buyinga en territoire de Lubero (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo) [ Influence of shade on the morphometric parameters of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) in the locality of Buyinga in Lubero territory (North Kivu, DR Congo) ]

May 2022

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201 Reads

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies

Influence de l'ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques du cacao (Theobrama cacao L.) dans la localité de Buyinga en territoire de Lubero (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo) [ Influence of shade on the morphometric parameters of cocoa (Theobrama cacao L.) in the locality of Buyinga in Lubero territory (North Kivu, DR Congo) ] ABSTRACT: The cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.) is an economically, nutritionally and socially important crop. Currently, this culture is at the center of scientific debate because it is indexed to play a significant role in the phenomenon of deforestation observed in humid tropical regions. In order to contribute to its expansion while minimizing forest losses and protecting the environment, agroforestry systems integrating herbaceous or woody flora species have emerged as a better alternative. In this perspective, this study constitutes a contribution to the valuation of shade trees in the cultivation of cocoa while maintaining intact its productivity in the territory of Lubero. The objective of the study is to study the influence of shade trees on the morphometric parameters of pods in the ecological environment of Buyinga. To achieve this objective, observations were made at nine cocoa plantations chosen according to their degree of shade. With the exception of the number of pods per stem, the results show that there is a very highly significant difference in the means of the length of the pods, the circumference of the pods and the number of beans per pod in the plantations according to the degree of shading (p-value<0.05). Indeed, the average lengths of the pods are 24.83 ± 4.11 cm in moderately shaded plantations, 22.61 ± 4.38 cm in heavily shaded plantations and 19.20 ± 2.69 cm for plantations without shade (in broad daylight). The average circumferences of the pods are respectively equal to 27.99 ± 3.41 cm for plantations with medium shade, 26.47 ± 2.5 cm for plantations without shade and 26.46 ± 3.49 for plantations with strong shady. The average number of beans per pod is 38.95 in plantations with medium shade against 38.53 beans per pod for plantations without shade and 26.5 beans for plantations with strong shade. Despite the absence of significant difference in the number of pods per stem according to the degree of shade, cocoa plantations growing under medium shade induced a high number of pods per stem compared to other plantations. The average number of pods per stem is around 25.8 ± 7.25 for plantations with medium shade, 23.89 ± 6.03 for plantations with strong shade and 21.51 ± 7.44 for plantings without shade. KEYWORDS: Cocoa tree (Theobroma cacao L.), agroforestry systems, morphometric parameters, degree of shade and territory of Lubero. RESUME: Le cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.) est une culture importante du point de vue économique, nutritionnel et social. Actuellement, cette culture se trouve au centre de débats scientifiques car elle est indexée de jouer un rôle non négligeable dans le phénomène de déforestation observée en régions tropicales humides. En vue de contribuer à son expansion tout en minimisant les pertes forestières et en protégeant l'environnement, des systèmes agroforestiers intégrant des espèces floristiques herbacées ou ligneuses se sont positionnés comme une meilleure alternative. Dans cette perspective, cette étude constitue une contribution à la valorisation des arbres d'ombrage dans la culture du cacao tout en maintenant intact sa productivité dans le territoire de Lubero. L'objectif de l'étude est d'étudier l'influence des arbres d'ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques des cabosses dans le milieu écologique de Buyinga. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des observations ont été effectuées au niveau de neuf plantations de cacaoyer choisies en fonction de leur degré d'ombrage. A l'exception du nombre des cabosses par tige, les résultats montrent qu'il y a une différence très hautement significative des moyennes de la longueur des cabosses, de la circonférence des cabosses et du nombre des fèves par cabosse dans les plantations en fonction du degré d'ombrage (p-value<0,05). En effet, les longueurs moyennes des cabosses valent 24,83±4,11 cm dans les plantations moyennement ombragées, 22,61±4,38 cm dans les plantations fortement ombragées et 19,20±2,69 cm pour les plantations sans ombrage (en plein soleil). Les circonférences moyennes des cabosses sont respectivement égales à 27,99±3,41 cm pour les plantations à moyen ombrage, 26,47±2,5 cm pour les plantations sans ombrage et 26,46±3,49 pour les plantations à fort ombrage. Le nombre des fèves moyen par cabosse est de 38,95 dans les plantations à moyen ombrage contre 38,53 fèves par cabosse pour les plantations sans ombrage et 26,5 fèves pour les plantations à fort ombrage. Malgré l'absence de différence significative du nombre de cabosses par tige en fonction du degré d'ombrage, les plantations cacaoyères évoluant sous moyen ombrage ont induit un nombre des cabosses par tige élevé par rapport aux autres plantations. Les moyennes du nombre des cabosses par tige sont de l'ordre de 25,8±7,25 pour les plantations à moyen ombrage, 23,89±6,03 pour les plantations à fort ombrage et 21,51±7,44 pour les plantations sans ombrage. MOTS-CLEFS: Cacaoyer (Theobroma cacao L.), systèmes agroforestiers, paramètres morphométriques, degré d'ombrage et territoire de Lubero.

Citations (4)


... The African cherry, Prunus africana, is a tree widely distributed in Africa, occurring in the mountainous regions of central, eastern and southern Africa as well as on the islands of Bioko, Sao-Tomé and Grande Comores (Kalkman 1965;Bile et al. 2024). It has a long history for is traditional use and is the source of a non-timber product (bark) that has entered international trade (Stewart 2003). ...

Reference:

Taxonomy, ecology, harvesting methods, ethnopharmacological use, trade and prospects for sustainable management of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae)
Supervised Learning Method: Critical Analysis and Updating of Cubing Rate Formulas for Determining Bark Masses of Prunus africana (Hook. f.) Kalkman (Rosaceae) in Cameroon

Open Journal of Forestry

... Due to the sustainable trade concerning in Prunus africana, the species was added to the Red List of Threatened Species in Appendix II in the category "Endangered" at the 9th Conference of the Parties to the CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) in 1995 (Betti and Ambara 2013;Betti et al. 2014;Mpouam et al. 2022). In 2007, trade was suspended in other countries, including the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Uganda, Burundi and Madagascar (Stewart 2003;Muhesi et al. 2023b). ...

Post Debarking Response of Prunus africana (Hook. F) Kalkman ( Rosaceae ) Trees at Two Exploitation Sites in North Kivu (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo)

Open Journal of Forestry

... Codd, Carica papaya L., Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray, Eucalyptus citriodora L'Hér., Cupressus lusitanica Mill. for their effectiveness against phytopathogenic microorganisms and human pathogens (Shalukoma et al., 2015;Bashige et al., 2020;Kaboyi et al., 2021;Korangi et al., 2021;Syamasamba et al., 2022;Masengo et al., 2023). ...

Ethnobotanical Study of Plants Used by Traditherapists for the Treatment of Malaria in the City of Butembo, North Kivu, East of the Democratic Republic of Congo

Indonesian Journal of Innovation and Applied Sciences (IJIAS)

... The results highlight the impact of shade on the pH of the beans, a crucial variable in the quality of final products [28]. Moreover, shade can significantly influence product acidity, interacting with climatic conditions and altering crop sensitivity to soil acidity [29]. ...

Influence de l’ombrage sur les paramètres morphométriques du cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) dans la localité de Buyinga en territoire de Lubero (Nord-Kivu, RD Congo)
  • Citing Article
  • May 2022

International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies