K Vanaja’s scientific contributions

The present investigation revolves around heavy metal accretion into Kachapur Lake, located in Kamareddy district and its subsequent adverse effects on the fish resident populations. The overall aim of this research is to determine heavy metals concentrations in lake waters, sediments and fish tissues with a view to assessing their relationship with regard to fishes' mortality. This entails collecting samples of water from different parts of the lake, as well as sediment samples and even fish specimens for further analysis. Available key heavy metals include lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr) etc which are assessed through state-of-the-art analytical techniques. At the same time instances of fish deaths are recorded so that possible links with accumulation of heavy metals can be investigated. An understanding of heavy metal contamination in aquatic environments is vital if corrective measures towards this global problem are to be put in place.

This research article provides a comprehensive analysis of bioaccumulation and its impacts on freshwater fish. It examines the gradual buildup of heavy metals including mercury, lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic in fish tissues as a consequence of industrial pollution, agricultural runoff, Review Article Thirumala et al.; Uttar Pradesh 149 and atmospheric deposition. The study highlights the adverse effects of bioaccumulation on fish health, including impaired reproductive capabilities, abnormal development, and organ damage. Furthermore, it emphasizes the risks associated with the consumption of contaminated aquatic food, which poses significant threats to human health. The paper advocates for addressing heavy metal contamination in aquatic ecosystems through the adoption of effective waste management strategies, the reduction of industrial emissions, sustainable agricultural practices, and the continuous monitoring of fish populations. Such measures are critical in minimizing the accumulation of heavy metals in freshwater fish, thereby protecting both aquatic life and public health.

Hypophysation, also known as hypophyseal injection or induced breeding, is a technique used in aquaculture to induce spawning in fish species, including Cyprinus carpio (common carp). This method involves the administration of hormones to stimulate the reproductive system of fish, leading to the release of eggs and sperm. This technique is an artificial induced breeding technique. Cyprinus carpio are induced to spawn by the injection of pituitary extract. Hypophysation is a technique of induced breeding in Cyprinus carpio by injecting pituitary gland extract. In this method the pituitary gland extract is injected into intramuscular/pectoral fin region of fish. The gland stimulates the development of gonads which helps fish to breed. When the pituitary gland of the same species is used, its referred as homoplastic injection method. Induced breeding is practiced in a wide variety of species, with this technique we can produce fish seed in large number in all seasons. With this technique we can produce hybrid varieties of species. This technique shows accurate fertilization (78-85%)and Hatching rate (70-85%) this present study reveals the process engaged in Hypophysation technique.

In order to understand the species composition and quantity of butterflies in the area, the butterfly diversity in Nizamabad was examined. Three different ecosystems, including a forest region in Indalwai, agricultural fields in Dichpally, and urban areas in Nizamabad, were chosen for the sampling sites. Using a standardized procedure, samples of butterflies were collected, and the diversity of those samples was examined using multiple ecological indices. Nizamabad has a high diversity of butterfly species, with a total of 53 species observed, according to the study. These species belonged to a number of families, including the Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Pieridae and Papilionidae. To evaluate the variety and distribution of butterflies, the Shannon-Wiener, Simpson's, and evenness indices were computed. The diversity indexes showed that there was a fair amount of diversity. These diverse environments offer a singular chance to investigate butterfly species distribution in the area, illuminating their ecological importance. In order to provide insights into the local biodiversity and factors impacting butterfly populations, this study intends to map the variety and distribution of butterfly species in the Nizamabad district. The goal of the research is to provide answers regarding the effects of seasonality, habitat type, and environmental variables on the variety and abundance of butterflies. To document the species of butterflies found in the various areas of the Nizamabad district, a mix of field surveys, butterfly netting, and observation methods will be utilized. Over the course of a year, data on the species' behavior and abundance will be gathered over many seasons. Preliminary findings indicate a rich diversity of butterfly species inhabiting various ecosystems within Nizamabad district. The study reveals the presence of both common and rare species, some of which may be indicative of the region's ecological health. Factors such as habitat type and seasonal variation appear to influence butterfly distribution. This information can serve as a valuable baseline for conservation efforts and the preservation of butterfly habitats in the region. Comprehending the butterfly species' distribution in the Nizamabad district is essential for the preservation of biodiversity, ecological studies, and ecotourism. This study adds to our understanding of the complex interactions that occur between butterflies and their surroundings, emphasizing the need for ongoing research and conservation efforts to save these fragile and essential elements of regional ecosystems.

The efficacy of Pongamia pinnata seed oil as an antifeedant against the late instars of the Lemon butterfly, Papilio demoleus L., was evaluated in the present study conducted at the measuring 30 sq. cm were dipped for 1 minute in different concentrations of P. pinnata seed oil emulsions, including 0.125%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. Distilled water and an emulsifier were used as the control solution. The dipped leaf discs were dried at room temperature. A single pre-starved larva was placed on each leaf disc to feed on it. After 24 and 48 hours of introducing the larvae on leaf discs, the leaf area consumed by the larvae was measured using the graph sheet method. The antifeedant activity of the test concentrations exhibited dose-dependent results, with the 2% oil emulsion demonstrating the highest antifeedant activity of 84.65% and 70.30% after 24 and 48 hours of treatment, respectively. P. pinnata seed oil was found to possess the potential to be utilized as an antifeedant against P. demoleus larvae.

In this work, the essential oils were extracted from the peels of Punica granatum (Pomegranate). Insects carry natural ecosystem service area as biological controller of pests specifically the biodiversity-rich countries. Insects one of the maximum common pest stored grains and identified to infest 233 different types of pests. The study is to be synthesised the Essential oils and nano emulsion from the waste of Mosambi fruit peel. The nano emulsion were prepared and before, double distilled water added to mixture (4:1 respectively) and stirred for 60min to attain a homologous Emulsified phase.

The research project presented herein is an endeavor to address the growing concern of pollution in Kachapur Lake, situated in the Kamareddy district. The elevated pollution levels have taken a toll on the aquatic ecosystem, particularly affecting the fish population. This study outlines its core objectives, which encompass the evaluation of nonessential heavy metal concentrations in fish, assessment of seasonal variations, and an extensive analysis of key physical and chemical parameters, including temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and more. To accomplish these objectives, the project will undertake a multi-faceted approach. This includes the quantification of heavy metal concentrations in fish samples and the exploration of potential correlations between these levels and the laboratory analysis of metals in stock and working standard solutions. Furthermore, the research will involve rigorous calibration of instruments, the digestion of water samples for metal analysis, and the processing and digestion of sediments to determine their metal content. This comprehensive investigation aims to shed light on the intricate relationship between pollution levels and aquatic health in Kachapur Lake. By unraveling the impact of heavy metals and seasonal variations on both fish and water quality, this research project aspires to provide valuable insights and recommendations for mitigating pollution and revitalizing the lake's ecosystem.

Among all insects, butterflies are the most recognisable and well-known. Lepidoptera is the name of the order that includes butterflies. In addition to being excellent indicators of climate change, butterflies significantly contribute to highlighting the astounding diversity of nature. Additionally, studying butterfly wing patterns offers a chance to discuss important topics in evolutionary developmental biology, such as the evolution of morphological innovations, limitations on evolutionary change, and phenotypic plasticity. Therefore, the goal of the current study was to ascertain the variety of butterflies in Telangana's Nizamabad district, which has a tropical monsoon environment. Between June 2022 and November 2022, a thorough survey of butterflies was carried out. 50 different species of butterflies were found in all. The Nymphalidae family dominated all other 43 families, with 21 genera found across the Lantana spp. and Leonotis spp. of plants. Of The Lycaenidae, with 13 genera, was the second-most dominating family. Pieridae, which contained 11 genera, was the third prominent family. The final family had 5 genera and was called Papilionidae. The study's butterfly subjects were identified visually, and a Nikon D780 camera was used to snap pictures of them.