January 2001
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125 Reads
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443 Citations
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Publications (8)
January 2001
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253 Reads
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4,385 Citations
January 1997
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26 Reads
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2 Citations
International Journal of Climatology
January 1997
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1,922 Reads
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137 Citations
June 1996
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563 Reads
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2,305 Citations
Climatic Change
Climate Change 1995--The Science of Climate Change is the most comprehensive assessment available of current scientific understanding of human influences on past, present and future climate. Prepared under the auspices of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), each chapter is written by teams of lead authors and contributors recognized internationally as leading experts in their field. Climate Change 1995 is the first full sequel to the original 1990 IPCC scientific assessment, bringing us completely up to date on the full range of scientific aspects of climate change. This assessment forms the standard scientific reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including policy makers in governments and industry worldwide, and researchers and senior-level students in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology and atmospheric chemistry.
October 1995
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15 Reads
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2 Citations
Medicine and War
This article presents the basic science of climate change upon which our concern of possible anthropogenic interference with the climate system is based. Where possible, those aspects of particular relevance to the study of climate change impact assessment will be highlighted to set the scene for the remaining articles in this issue, which focus on the effects of climate change on human health. Growing concern about the possible threat of anthropogenic climate change led to the establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 under the auspices of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). The IPCC was charged with the task of assessing the latest scientific understanding of climate change, possible impacts, mitigation and adaptation strategies and their economic implications. The first set of IPCC Assessment Reports were produced in 1990 and were instrumental in the negotiations which led to birth of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, signed by 155 countries at the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio. The final section reviews the outcome of that meeting and discusses the results of the first Conference of the Parties to the Convention which took place earlier this year to debate the adequacy of the commitments set in 1992.
January 1995
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85 Reads
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892 Citations
November 1993
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24 Reads
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43 Citations
The Lancet
Anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases are enhancing the natural greenhouse effect. There is almost universal agreement in the scientific community that this will lead to a warming of the lower atmosphere and of the earth's surface. However, the exact timing, magnitude, and regional distribution of this future warming are very uncertain. Merely taking account of changes in the global mean climate is not enough, especially when considering the impacts of climate change. Man also have to consider the rate and regional distribution of climate change and changes in the frequency of events. An increase in the frequency of extremes, such as droughts and storms, and rapid climate change are two factors which could have dramatic effects on human society and natural ecosystems. However, systems already under stress or close to their climate limits are likely to experience the greatest difficulty in adapting to change. Although human activity has been increasing greenhouse gas concentrations for a hundred years, man cannot yet detect unequivocally a greenhouse gas induced signal in climate records. However, increases in greenhouse gas concentrations are almost bound to continue and are likely to emerge as the dominant perturbation of the earth's climate in the coming decades.
Citations (8)
... Global warming is the potential heat related to CO 2 that is contributed to the atmosphere by different chemicals and its related effects [10]. The main greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36-70% of the greenhouse effect; carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) which causes 9-26%; methane (CH 4 ) which causes 4-9%; and ozone (O 3 ) which causes 3-7% [21,26]. The harmful radiation from the sun is filtered out by the ozone layer. ...
- Citing Article
January 1997
International Journal of Climatology
... The climate has undergone significant changes [42]. Understanding the connection between temperature and predators is crucial for predicting how ecosystems respond to changing climates. ...
- Citing Article
January 2001
... The calculation of DOC is derived from the formula provided by IPCC (Houghton 1996). ...
- Citing Book
January 2001
... For instance, precipitation trends from recent decades revealed an increased frequency of extreme rain events in many regions, where climate change is suspected to be the direct cause (Madsen et al. 2009). Furthermore, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) estimated a temperature increase ranging between 1°C and 3.5°C by the year 2100, due to the increase in greenhouse gas emissions (Houghton et al. 1996;. They claimed that there is a 90% chance of augmented heavy rainfall event frequency in the 21st century and a probable increase in higher-latitude storms by 40%, because of continuing global warming. ...
- Citing Article
June 1996
Climatic Change
... Human activities, which include the burning of fossil, industrial activities and the felling of trees for agricultural purposes and urbanization, are significantly swelling the level of greenhouse gases found within the atmosphere (Aizebeokhai, 2009), thereby resulting in global warming. The interfaces in the terrestrial govern the earth's climatic condition (Houghton, 1997) and the human life is highly controlled by the activities of the earth's climate, hence whatever activities carried out by humans have an after effect on the Earth's climatic system and vice versa. Atmospheric levels of greenhouse gases, like carbondioxide are escalating, chiefly due to human doings (Watson, 1998). ...
- Citing Article
- Full-text available
January 1997
... While the IPCC had its own set schedule for producing comprehensive assessment reports, the production of special reports was often driven by immediate political needs and therefore their schedule was determined largely by the rhythms of international negotiations at the UNFCCC. This was particularly evident in the undertaking of the IPCC's first special report-the Special Report to the UNFCCC COP1 (IPCC 1994a;1994b). Unlike any other special report, this first special report is not a single document but consists of two separate reports and contains three different parts, each of which was prepared and approved independently by the three Working Groups (WGs). 5 The story behind the birth of this first special report was that fast-evolving politics in the early 1990s necessitated the readjustment of the work schedule of IPCC assessment (Bolin 2007;Provost 2019). ...
- Citing Book
January 1995
... As a result, the ecologically adjusted Net Domestic Product (NDP) indicator is calculated: NDPadjusted = NDP -consumed natural resources -the monetary value of ecological damage The assessment of the efficiency of nature use is currently carried out using empiric economic models along with traditional methods. For example, in the research 1 Maskell, K. (1995 conducted on the basis of the EU countries' data, their environmental efficiency was assessed using the DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) method of economic modeling 1 . The essence of this assessment method lies in the fact that, based on the input and output variables set by the researcher, a rating list is formed from a sample of studied units (in this case EU countries), where the units are classified according to their efficiency score. ...
- Citing Article
October 1995
Medicine and War
... Maskell et al stated that nitrous oxide contributes to the greenhouse effect by approximately 6%; however, it has been estimated that only 1% of this is due to anaesthetic use. 19,20 ...
- Citing Article
November 1993
The Lancet