K. Bryant Smalley’s research while affiliated with Mercer University and other places

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Publications (80)


Health Equity Frameworks and Theories
  • Chapter

November 2024

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2 Reads

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1 Citation

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K. Bryant Smalley





Mean heart rate and galvanic skin response score across Time. Errors bars represent standard errors of the mean.
Interaction effect between time and intervention on positive emotions. Errors bars represent standard errors of the mean.
Sociodemographic and academic class standing breakdown of participants by intervention group.
Fisher's least significant differences post -hoc test at time 3.
Savoring Interventions Increase Positive Emotions After a Social-Evaluative Hassle
  • Article
  • Full-text available

March 2022

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469 Reads

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11 Citations

Achieving a high quality of life is dependent upon how individuals face adversity. Positive psychological interventions are well-suited to support coping efforts; however, experimental research is limited. The purpose of the current research was to examine whether different savoring interventions could increase important coping resources (i.e., positive emotions) in response to a social-evaluative hassle. We completed an experimental mixed subject design study with a university student sample. All participants completed a hassle induction task and were then randomly assigned into different intervention groups. Positive emotion ratings were collected at three points in time (baseline, post-induction task, post-intervention). Results revealed a significant time x intervention interaction effect, such that individuals in the savoring the moment intervention reported higher levels of positive emotions (at post-intervention) compared to individuals assigned to the true control group, guided imagery control group, and savoring through reminiscence intervention. Such findings represent a significant extension to savoring theory and offer support for savoring the moment exercises as a primary prevention strategy to bolster effective responses to social-evaluative hassles.

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Fig. 1. Naloxone gatekeepers.
A qualitative analysis of pharmacists' responses to naloxone inquiries in rural Georgia

December 2020

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72 Reads

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4 Citations

Preventive Medicine Reports

Given their critical gatekeeper function regarding naloxone access in rural areas, the purpose of the current study was to examine rural pharmacists’ knowledge and attitudes regarding naloxone use and access (Georgia, 2019), all 364 rural community pharmacies in Georgia were contacted using “secret shopper” methodology and asked about the availability, accessibility, and use of naloxone. A script provided specific questions for data collection. Callers recorded general notes about the call, including the dispositions and impressions of the pharmacists. Thematic analysis was conducted to identify key themes. Rural pharmacists exhibited two classes of attributes: Active Facilitators and Passive Hindrances. Active facilitators supported callers in their search for naloxone, but passive hindrances discouraged callers in a way that was not perceived to be malicious or intentional. Three types of active facilitators emerged: positive approach, helpful suggestions, and knowledgeable and informed. Two types of passive hindrances emerged: negative attitudes and insufficient knowledge. Community pharmacies are sometimes the only formal healthcare access point in rural communities. It is vital for pharmacists to be active facilitators of naloxone access for maximized public health impact. Specific interventions are needed to increase the ability of rural pharmacists to support access to naloxone.





Citations (54)


... This finding is supported by previous theory (e.g., Bryant, 2021) and unidirectional EMA findings (e.g., Colombo et al., 2021;Mueller et al., 2024), as well as bidirectional EMA associations of PA with related constructs of appreciation (Pavani et al., 2017) and positive rumination (Pacheco-Romero et al., 2024). Moreover, savoring's association with decreases in NA supports previous results that savoring could act as a buffer against the negative impacts of stressful events (Klibert et al., 2022). Taken together, these results suggest an upward spiral between savoring and hedonic well-being (high PA/low NA). ...

Reference:

Emotion Regulation in Daily Life: Testing Bidirectional Temporal Associations With Positive and Negative Affect
Savoring Interventions Increase Positive Emotions After a Social-Evaluative Hassle

... The present findings also indicate that pharmacists may be uniquely situated to provide education, decrease stigma, and promote naloxone carrying among supporters, especially those who maintain relationships with patients and caregivers over longer periods. This extends prior research identifying pharmacists as key to disseminating information about naloxone while also monitoring potential abuse; however, pharmacists need to have accurate information and effectively communicate with patients (Gilbert et al., 2020;Rawal et al., 2023). Digital tools may be appropriate to deliver or supplement the information provided by pharmacists, particularly for those who have difficulty accessing or are hesitant to seek support from pharmacists because of perceptions of stigma or mistrust (Major et al., 2023). ...

A qualitative analysis of pharmacists' responses to naloxone inquiries in rural Georgia

Preventive Medicine Reports

... These social issues and healthcare disparities have been apparent in the past but have been further amplified by COVID-19 [7,9]. In addition to social factors, studies have also shown that AA have high frequencies of hypertension, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and obesity, factors associated with poor outcomes from COVID-19 [10][11][12][13]. ...

African American Health Equity
  • Citing Chapter
  • July 2020

... Yet, because of a generally lower life expectancy and younger population, the particularities of the health of the older Aboriginal population and the risks associated with later life and chronic diseases has not been robustly explored in the literature. What has been noted in the Canadian literature is that 1 in 3 older Native Americans lived below the poverty level (Cueller, 1990). This means that many elderly Aboriginal people continue to struggle with their socioeconomic status and, therefore, likely do not have the monetary power to help manage and control the inevitable increase in health conditions that come with age. ...

American Indian and Alaska Native Health Equity
  • Citing Chapter
  • July 2020

... The health financing equity that resembles what we think of today began in the eighteenth century when the global health community observed a disproportional distribution of health problems and resources in the world [6,7]. On this matter, the global health community stated multiple political declarations to guide health financing equity implementation in countries [1,2,6,[8][9][10]. ...

Health Equity: Overview, History, and Key Concepts
  • Citing Chapter
  • July 2020

... In addition to presenting our work in peer-reviewed manuscripts and scientific meetings, we are pursuing opportunities to share our findings with the broader community, including hosting the infographics and other study materials and derivatives on the website of the University of Southern California Center for LGBTQ+ Health Equity. 111 Contributors SMS drafted the initial manuscript and critically revised all sections. MRM drafted the study procedures and measures, developed the analytic plan and critically revised the manuscript draft. ...

LGBTQ Health Equity
  • Citing Chapter
  • July 2020

... Because people who use drugs (PWUD) are among the most likely to witness overdose onset, it is critical that they can access naloxone and are trained in its administration [9,10]. Despite the high overdose burden in rural communities and evidencebased recommendations to provide overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) to PWUD [11], there are numerous barriers to accessing and utilizing naloxone in rural communities [12][13][14][15]. ...

Availability of Naloxone at Rural Georgia Pharmacies, 2019

JAMA Network Open

... Summer research programs for undergraduates and medical students are the most common method for introducing students to research (Black et al., 2013;Kolber et al., 2016;Howell et al., 2019;Avila et al., 2022). Summer programs can also be an effective way to introduce underrepresented minority students to research and prepare them for CTS career pathways (Ghee et al., 2016;Smalley and Warren, 2020;Prince et al., 2023). In Arkansas, an undergraduate curriculum rooted in a real-world CTS study was developed, offered, and evaluated, demonstrating high satisfaction among learners (James et al., 2023). ...

Disparities Elimination Summer Research Experience (DESRE): An Intensive Summer Research Training Program to Promote Diversity in the Biomedical Research Workforce
  • Citing Article
  • January 2020

Ethnicity & Disease

... [8,[11][12][13][14] Transgender, non-binary and gender-diverse people experience a spectrum of poor health outcomes, including a high burden of mental health problems and substance use, partly attributed to negative psychosocial risk factors. [4,11] In South Africa (SA), the publiclyfunded healthcare system and its patients face a myriad of challenges. [12] These are compounded by factors such as homophobia, transphobia and discriminatory attitudes toward SGM patients, [13] which ultimately infringe on the equality of healthcare. ...

Bisexual Health: Meeting the Needs of Gender and Sexual Minorities
  • Citing Chapter
  • October 2017

... LGBTQ+ youth are a minority group, who have been, and somewhat still are, a vulnerable youth group experiencing different inequalities when compared to their heterosexual and cisgender peers. This vulnerable and unequal position is associated with discrimination, stigmatization, marginalization, and intolerance based on sexual orientation and gender identity (Smalley et al., 2018;Spurlin, 2019;Stall et al., 2020). These prejudices have also occurred in healthcare (McClain et al., 2018;Beyrer, 2020) since the definitions and norms around sexuality, sexual orientation, and gender identity are historically, and culturally shaped social constructs (Foucault, 1984;Dahnke, 2010;Diamond et al., 2011;Eliason, 2014;Burr, 2015a;Lips, 2019). ...

Gender and Sexual Minority Health: History, Current State, and Terminology: Meeting the Needs of Gender and Sexual Minorities
  • Citing Chapter
  • October 2017